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ractical Method 


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A PRACTICAL METHOD 


BY 


EUGENE RIZO-RANGABE 





Boston, U.S.A., AND LONDON 
GINN AND COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 


The Athenxum Press 
1896 





ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL 


a 





_ CopyRIGHT, 1896, BY 
_ GINN AND COMPANY 














TO 
H. R. H. 
SOPHIE 
DUCHESS OF SPARTA 


PRINCESS ROYAL OF GREECE 


THIS BOOK IS 
BY SPECIAL PERMISSION 


MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 


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PREFACE. 


eee atte Sanne 


Tue Greek language has existed, without very serious 
alteration, nearly three thousand years. In its present form 
it differs less from that of Xenophon than the language of 
Xenophon differs from that of Homer. 

If my intention had been to limit myself to the language 
now used by the educated classes in Greece in literature, 
in the daily press, in the pulpit, and elsewhere, I should 
have had little else to do than to copy the rules of ancient 
Greek grammar with some additions and modifications. 
Some forms of the ancient language, such as the dual num- 
ber, the pluperfect, the optative, etc., have become obsolete, 
and the general spirit of the modern idiom is more ana- 
lytical than the classical form; the latter, however, is still 
considered as a general treasury from which everybody 
may borrow, and a model to be constantly imitated as 
closely as possible by all men of letters. 

But this more perfect language is not’ sufficient for 
foreigners travelling in Greece and coming in contact with 
the people, whose language is strongly influenced by local 
idioms, as it was even in ancient times. In the following 


lessons, therefore, I have been careful to indicate, by the 


vi PREFACE. 


abbreviation vig. (vulgar), placed after the correct forms 


used by educated people the forms of the popular language 
which it is necessary to know, although one should avoid 
using them, at least in writing. 

The pronunciation of the Modern Greek language is 
certainly not that of the ancient; but that used in the 
schools of Europe and America is also open to grave 
objection. It would at least be of great practical advantage 
if the one now used in Greece were universally adopted, as 
its adoption would greatly facilitate to scholars the learning 
of the modern language, which is so widely used in the 
East. 

This Method is divided into thirty lessons, each con- 
taining rules of grammar, examples illustrating these rules, 
and exercises. The verb is introduced in the second 
lesson, and its forms are then developed alternately with 
those of the other parts of speech. All the principles of 
Greek grammar are thus presented, care being taken to 
distinguish everywhere the forms of the literary or polite 
language from those of the vulgar idiom. ‘The lessons 
are followed by reading-matter which has been so selected 
as to represent the language now used in Greece by all 
educated people both in speaking and in writing. The 
use of more classical forms and constructions in speaking 
would appear to a modern Greek pretentious and affected, 
while the introduction of words and forms of the vulgar 
idiom, although tolerated in familiar conversation, would 
certainly be considered a mark of gross ignorance in writing 
or in polite speech, 


PREFACE. vii 


The vocabularies which complete the book contain 
almost all the Greek words that a beginner is likely to 
require in Greece. The English-Greek vocabulary will 
thus take the place of a handy dictionary of the Modern 
Greek language ; in it the English-speaking student will 
be able to find any Greek word that he may require, 
either in preparing the exercises of this AMZethod, or for 
general use. The Greek-English vocabularies have been 
afranged according to the sequence of grammatical rules 
and parts of speech, each special vocabulary giving all 
the most common examples; every Greek word that occurs 
in the lessons will also be found in its respective vocabulary 
with the English meaning. Each of these vocabularies 
should be committed to memory at the time when the lesson 
“to which it belongs is prepared. 

_ Iam greatly indebted to Professor John Williams White, 
of Harvard University, for most valuable suggestions and 
assistance rendered in the preparation of this book. 


EUGENE RIZO-RANGABE. 


ATHENS, GREECE. 


ERRATA. 


§ 194. Second line, read 
Fourth “ “ 
§ 196. Fourth “ omit 


yAmiov. 
nAmioa. 


eArrilw. 


A PRACTICAL ‘METHOD 
IN THE MODERN GREEK LANGUAGE, °2”. 





LESSON: 1: 
Ts "AAbaBnrov. — The Alphabet. 
1. The Greek alphabet has twenty-four letters. 


5 Ceonmebbe Aes walk NAMES. PRONUNCIATION. 
A a tb @ “Adda Alpha 
B B B b Bhra Veéta 
es: Y Bo LP Tappa Ghamma 
A ) gD J AéxTa Thélta 
E € G6 é "Evriov Epsilon 
Z gC B J Zinta Zeéta 
H n IG nm "Hra Kéta 
© ] QD é Ojra Theéta 
I l F it "lara Eeota (vig. 
Kk K a 2 Kamrma Kappa 
A r 4 a AduBSa Lamvtha 
(M bb Me Bb Mo Mee 
N v if Y No Nee 
=) E Zz v3 = Xee 
a 0 O y, “Opixpov Omicron 
Il T 74 Ro ile Pee 
P p LP ? ‘Po Ro 
= aS B od Liypa Séegma 
T T OF cf Tad if: 
‘i v DY Es "Tyirov _Eépsilon 
@D i) GD p Di Fee 
xX x DL A Xz Hee 
: vv Gt of Ve Psee 
Q w a w "Opeéya Omégha 


co SS MRRACTICAL METHOD 


© 
e at 
. 


. Parhivea. — Vowels. 


2. There are seven vowels in the Greek alphabet. They 
are pronounced as follows : — | 


a: like @ in father; e.g. watnp, father, pron. pateér; ydAa, 
milk, pron. ghala. 


e: like e in wel/; eg. 0édw, 7 wish, pron. théllo; é0, here, 
pron. etho. 


all three like ce in eel; e.g. pypn, fame, pron. feémee ; 

- xt, 20, pron. 6hee; vdwp, water, pron. eéthor. When 
tis subscript it is not pronounced ; 4g. dyad, he loves, 
pron. aghapa. 


A 
o {both like o in on; e.g. dvos, ass, pron. 6nnoss; yvepn, 
@ opinion, pron. ghnémmee. 


Lipdova. — Consonants. 
3. The consonants are pronounced as follows : — 


B=wv; ¢.g. BeBaiws, certainly, pron. vevéoss. 


y: before a and o sounds and before all consonants, some- 
thing between g and / (gh), or like g in the German 
words fragen, Wagner; eg. ypapw, / write, pron. 
ghrafo ; ydaAa, mz/k, pron. ghala. Before « and « sounds, 
like y in yes; e8 yn, earth, pron. yee; yépwr, old man, 
pron. yéron. The combinations yy and yx, like mg in 
England; e.g. dyyXia, pron. angleéa ; 6yxos, mass, pron. 
6ngoss. In yx the y has the sound of mg (nasal) in 
sing; e.g. éyxedvs, eel, pron. éng-helleess. 


6=th in though; e.g. Siiw, 7 give, pron. theétho. In the 
vulgar idiom after vy it has the sound of 2; eg. dévdpor, 
tree, pron. théndron. 


C=; ag. fidos, zeal, pron. zeéloss, 


LN MODERN GREEK. | 


6=th in think; e.g. Oadacca, sea, pron. thalassa. 

K=hk; eg. Kytos, garden, pron. keéposs. The combination 
yk, like mg in England; eg. svyxado, J convoke, pron. 
seengald. 

A=/; eg. AvKos, wolf, pron. leékoss. 

=m; 2g. pnTnp, mother, pron. meéteer. 

y=n; eg. v0é, night, pron. neex. In the vulgar idiom, if 
the following word begins with z, v has the sound of 
m; ¢.g. tov warépa, the father (acc.), pron. tom batéra. 

& =x in excuse; e.g. Epos, dry, pron. xeerdss. 

pla: e.g. wip, fire, pron. peer. After p, like 4; e.g. €umpos, 
forward, pron. embréss. 

p=r7r; 4g. pirto, J throw, pron. reépto. 

o=s5; eg. copa, body, pron. sémma. Before f, 4, y, wu, and 
p, like z; e.g. oBivw, L extinguish, pron. zveéno. 

T=; eg. tpitos, third, pron. treétoss. After v, like da; 
e.g. évtos, within, pron. enddss. 

d=/; 2g. poBos, fear, pron. fovoss. © 

%: before a and o sounds and all consonants a little thicker 
than #4 in heart, or like the German ch in doch; e.g. 
xapa, joy, pron. hara (khara); ypa, country, pron. héra 
(kh6ra). Before e and « sounds, like % in he; eg. xeip, 
hand, pron. heer. 


y= PS} 68. Yuxy, soul, pron. pseeheé. 
AidSoyyou. — Diphthongs. 


4. There are eight diphthongs, pronounced as follows: — 


at=ein well; e.g. aipa, blood, pron. émma. 


et (all three like ee in ee/; e.g. eyov, [ had, pron. eéhon ; 
OL oikos, House, pron. eékoss; vids, son, pron. eedss 


ve (vlg. yoss). 


4 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


‘before all vowels and the consonants 8, y, 8, & A, pw, v, p 
_ respectively, like av, ev, eev; e.g. aidy, court, pron. 
av | avleé; eddaipwr, happy, pron. evthémon; nipov, 7 found, 
ev} pron. eévron. Before the consonants @, x, &, z, o, 7, 
nu , x, W, like af, &, ecf; eg. aitds, he himself, pron. 
aftéss; evOvs, direct, pron. eftheéss; yvéyoa, J increased, 
. pron. eéfxeessa. 





ov=ou in group; e.g. ovdeis, nobody, pron. outheés. 


Note.— The sign (“) placed above the second vowel of a diphthong 
is used to show that the two vowels must be pronounced separately ; 
e.g. Mdios, May, pron. maeeoss. 


5. ReEMARK.—The vulgar idiom forms another diphthong by fusing 
the « (or any of the diphthongs e, o, uw, having the sound of c) with the 
following vowels. The ¢ is in this case pronounced like y in yes. This 
fusion is often shown by the sign (~) placed under the vowels; e.g. 
Ywuiod, of bread, pron. psomyou; meds, who, pron. pyoss; vids, son, 
pron. yoss. 


Quantity of Vowels and Diphthongs. 


6. The vowels n and w are long; the vowels e and o are 
short ; the vowels a, ., v are sometimes, long and sometimes 
short. 


7. All diphthongs are long; but a and o are short when 
they are at the end of a word, with a few unimportant 
exceptions. 


8. These distinctions of quantity make no difference 
whatever in the pronunciation of these vowels and diph- 
thongs; but it is necessary to know them, as they affect 
the accentuation of the words. 


Breathings. “Wy &“)°* 


9g. All Greek words beginning with a vowel must have a 
breathing placed above this vowel. If the word begins with 
a diphthong, the breathing is placed above the second vowel. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 5 


10. There are two breathings, the rough (‘) and the 
smooth (’). 

11. The majority of Greek words take the smooth 
breathing. 


12. The vowel v at the beginning of a word always takes 
the rough breathing. 


13. Of the consonants only p at the beginning of a word 
takes the rough breathing. When two pp meet in the middle 
of a word, the first takes the smooth and the second the 
rough breathing; ¢.g. Odppos, courage, pron. tharross. 


14. One learns the words that receive the rough breathing 
only by long practice. It may be of help to remember that 
English words derived from the Greek always begin with % 
when the corresponding Greek word has the rough breathing ; 
e.g. hypnotize from vmvos; harmony from dppovia; hero from 
npws, etc. 


15. The breathings do not in any way influence the pro- 
nunciation, except that if the rough is immediately preceded 
by one of the letters x, z, 7, either in the composition of 
words or at the end of the preceding word, then these letters 
are respectively changed into yx, $, 6; ¢.g. xaxefia for kak’ 
éEia; ep Hyiv for er Hyiv; xa’ quads for kar yas. 


Accents. #7?" “ 


16. There are three accents in Greek, the acute Bits ), 


the grave ( ), and the circumflex Je, ae 


17. ‘The accent can stand only on one of the last three 
syllables of a word. The syllable on which the accent is 
placed is pronounced with greater stress than the rest; eg. 
more, when, pron. pdte; woré, zever, pron. poté. 


18. The grave accent is written in place of the acute on the 
last syllable of a word, unless the word terminates a sentence. 


6 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


19. The circumflex can be placed only on one of the last 
two syllables, either on a long final syllable (e.g. ris tins, of 
honor, pron. teess teemeéss), or on a long penultimate if 
the final syllable is short (e.g. ogaipa, da//, pron. ssféra ; 
eixov; J had, pron. eéhon). Rule to be committed to memory: 
Long before final short, circumflex. 


20. The acute can be placed on any one of the last three 
syllables. Short vowels, when accented, always take the 
acute. A long penultimate, if accented, takes the acute 
when it is followed by a long final syllable; e.g. cipyvn, 
peace, pron. eereénee. Rule to be committed to memory: 
Long before final long, acute. 


21. When the last syllable is long, the accent cannot be 
on the third syllable, but has to descend to the penultimate 
(e.g. the genitive of av@pwros, man, is avOpdrov, because the 
termination is long). This rule is not always adhered to in 
the vulgar idiom; ¢g. evxoAn, easy, pron. éfkolee ; doyxnun, 
ugly, pron. assheemee. 


22. As a rule all the terminations of verbs and of the 
genitives of nouns, which are long and accented on the last 
syllable, take the circumflex; ¢.g. Aad@, / speak, pron. lald; 
Aadeis, thou speakest ; tuyuns, of honor; xaxod adeApod, of a bad 
brother. 

Punctuation. 


23. The period, the comma, and the note of exclamation 
are the same as in English. The semicolon is a period 
at the top of the line ("), and the mark of interrogation is 
like the English semicolon (;). The apostrophe (’) is 
written over the place of an elided vowel; ¢.g. dAX’ eyo, but J, 
pron. aleghd, for ddAa éya, ala eghd. 


¢ 


IN MODERN GREEK. 7 


24. EXERCISE.} 


(To be read aloud.) 


"Eva 8 eis toravtnv Odow Hrov n payn, Aéyovow 
While in such position was the battle, they say 
6trt €XapwWe péya das é€x THs ’Edevotivos, Hyos de 

that flashed (a) great light from (the) - Eleusis, (a) sound 
kal dhovn eémrnpwoce TO Opidorov rediov péxypr Tis 
and (a) voice Jjilled the Thriasian field asfaras  .the 
Oarxaoons, os av’ moAdAOL avOpwrot opod é€&Hyov 

Sea, as of many men together were shouting 
Tov puaotixov “laxyov. °Ex tod pécov d€ Tod mrnOous 
the mystic Lakchus. From the middle of the «multitude 
Tov KpavyatevTav épavn védos Babundov sirovpevor, 
of the shouters appeared (a) cloud gradually rising, 

Ny U ig a > / > \ s 
Kal €TelTa TAALV UTTOV@pOupP, ETTETTECEV ELS TAS TPlLynpeEls. 
and afterwards again receding, wt fell on the triremes. 
"Arror 8 evdmicay Sti eidov davrdcpata Kal eldora 

Others. thought that they saw apparitions ana images 
> , eed | Pa Gat SN A a 2 / \ 
avOparwv évoTrwv, aro THS Alyivns éxTEeLvoYT@Y TAS 

of men armed Srom (the) Aegina extending the (their) 
yeipas mpo tov “EXAnviKov Tpinpov, Kal elxalov 

hands before the fTellenic triremes, and they conjectured 

vd iO c > 4 a 3 \ - F 
éTt Hoav ot . Ataxidat, ovs elyov mpo THS pmayns 
that they were the A tacides, whom theyhad before the battle 


émixarerOn dv evyov eis PBonbear. 
invoked by prayers to(their) help. 


1 From Plutarch’s Life of Themistocles, translated into Modern Greek 
by A. R. Rangabé. 


8 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


25- Modern Greek Pronunciation. 


(The following should be read as if it were English. We have 
doubled the consonants after e and a wherever it was necessary to show 
that these vowels should be pronounced short.) 


Enno th’ eess teeaffteen théssin eéton ee mahee, 
léghousin dtee éllampse mégha foss ekk teess 
Ellefsseénoss, eéhoss the ke fonneé epleérosse to 
Threedsseeon petheéon méhri teess thalasseess, oss 
an polleé anthropee omou exeéghon ton meesteekén 
Eéak-hon. Ekk tou méssou the tou pleéthouss ton 
kravghazondon effanee néffoss vathmeethdon eepsot- 
menon ke éppeeta pdleen eepohorotin eppéppessen 
- eess tass treeeéreess. Allee th’ enndémissan étee 
eéthon fandasmata ke eétholla anthréppon enndplon, 
appdo teess Egheéneess ekkteenondon tass heérass pro 
ton Elleeneekén treeeerédn ke eékazon dtee eéssan 
ee Eakeéthe, ouss eé¢hon pro teess maheess eppi- 
kalestheé the eff-hén eess voeétheean. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 9 


LESSON II. 
"A p0pov.— ARTICLE. 


26. The definite article 6, ¢4e, is thus declined:— 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
MASC. FEM. NEUT. MASC. FEM. NEUT, 
7 

Nom. 6 0 TO ot at Td. 
Gen. = Tov THS TOV TOV 86a COTO 
Dat. TO ™) TO Tois Tais Tots 

, 4 , , / , 

Acc. TOV THV TO Tous Tas TO 


27. Notrre.— The datives singular 7@, rH, T@, and plural rots, rais, 
rots, are not in common use. Instead of the dative it is customary to 
use the accusative with the preposition eis, to; thus, els rév, eis Tovs, etc. 
(and in the vulgar idiom ’o réy, ’o rovs) = Zo the. 


28. REMARKS.—a. The article has no vocative. 

6. The genitive plural is always Trav. 

c. The accusative of the neuter, both singular and plural, is always 
like the nominative. 


Position. 


29. The article is generally placed before the noun; 
e.g. 6 ads, the people; 4 tin, honor. It is placed after the 
noun if this is followed by an adjective; e.g. Tedpyios 6 
tpitos, George ///, In the vulgar idiom the article is in 
this case repeated, 6 Tewpyos 6 tpiros. 


30. No article is used when geographical names are pre- 
ceded by prepositions indicating motion from, to, or through 
a place; e.g. éx Ilapuciwv eis “AOnvas, from Paris to Athens. 


31. When an adjective precedes the noun, the article 
comes first; if the adjective follows the noun, the article is 
repeated ; ¢.g. 6 xadds dvOpwros, 5 avOpwros 6 KaAdds, the good 
man. 


10 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


32. When a demonstrative pronoun or the adjective 
dAos (ras), al/, precedes the noun, the article is placed 


between the two; ¢.g. odros 6 dvOpwros, this man; dros 6 
Koopos, all the world. 


33- All the words which qualify a noun can be placed, 
in the literary language, between the article and the noun; 
ég. 6 mavtwv Ovytav dpictos for 6 dpioros mavrwv Ovyrar, 
the best of all mortals. 


34. The article is often used alone when its substantive 
can be easily supplied or has already been mentioned ; 
é.g. 7 KadAovyn THS Picews Kal 7 THS yuvaikds, the beauty of 
nature and that of woman. 


35. There is no indefinite article in Greek, but the 
numeral els, pia, & (vig. évas, pia, Eva), one, is used in the 
vulgar idiom in this sense; ¢.g. ula yur) €Aeye, @ Woman Was 
saying, instead of the literary expression yuvy tis €Aeye. 


“PHwa. — VERB. 


90022 of *Evepyntixov. — ACTIVE. 
BO Ta x *"Everrdés. — Present. 
36. exw, J have. éxouev, we have. 
éxeis, thou hast. éxere, you have. 


éxe, Ae (or she) has. éxovar (vig. éxouv), they have. 


37. Norte 1.— The second person singular, éxe:s, is always used in 
addressing intimate friends and inferiors. 


38. Norte 2.—The form é@xouv for the third person plural is the 
one generally used in conversation, but the literary form éxovg: is alone 
used in writing. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 1] 


39. REMARK 1.—"Exzw, as all active verbs, always takes its object 
in the accusative. 


40. REMARK 2.— The interrogative form is the same, being only 
distinguished by the inflexion of the voice, and in writing by the sign ; 


"Epornparixsy. — Interrogative. 


41. éxw; have 1? éxonev; have we ? 
éxeis ; hast thou ? éxere; have you? 
éxe; has he (or she)?  éxovar; (€xovv;) have they? 


Ovopara. — Nouns. 
Ovdérepa. — Neuters. 


42. To Wwpi, bread. To adati, salt. 


TO Garovu, soap. 


43. REMARK. — The neuter ending 1, so common in Modern Greek, 
is derived from the ancient diminutive termination cov (second declen- 
sion), of which the two final letters are generally left out in the nom. 
and acc. singular, while in the gen. singular and in the plural the « is 
pronounced like the English y in yes, and almost forms a diphthong 
with the final vowels (see §5). The genitive of these nouns, both 
singular and plural, is always accented on the last syllable, and takes a 
circumflex. The accusative is always like the nominative; there is no 
dative. 


44. They are declined as follows :— — 


SINGULAR. PLuRAL. 
Nom. 0 Yop. To Wwpd. 
Gen. TOU Wwu.od. TOV WwpLav. 


Acc. TO Wupi. Ta Youd. 


12 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


45. In the same way are declined the following nouns?: — 


To tparel., table. TO Aad, O77. 
- To Kredi, Rey. To é€idt, vinegar. 
- To mandi, doy. ~ TO Kpaci, wine. 
TO Kopiro., girl. TO MATL, eye. 
TO warovrat, shoe. _ TO Kouti, box. 
to KpeBBart, ded. To pavouk, handkerchief. 


46. ro xpeBBare rod waidiod, the bed of the boy (the boy’s 


bed). 
TO Koutt tov Kopitavod, the box of the girl (the girl’s 
box). 
Ta Kadi. TOv radiav, the keys of the boys (the boys’ 
keys). 
47. Kai, and. OXt, 20. vai, yes. 


Norre.— A more polite word for yes is uddora. 


48. dev, not (always precedes the verb). © 


dev exw, J have not. Sev exer; has he not? 
dev Exouev, we have not. dev €xere; have you not? 


1 In the literary language these nouns are as follows: 6 dpros, bread; 
7d das, salt; 6 cdrwyv, soap; h tTpdwega, table; 7 Krels, key; 6 wals, doy; 
h xbpn, girl; 7d brbinua, shoe; 7 Kdlvn, bed; 1d Brasov, oi/; 7d dos, vin- 
egar; 6 olvos, wine; 6 dpOaruss, eye; % mutls, box; 7d pwduaxrpov, hand- 
herchief. These are used in writing, and will be found in their respective 
declensions. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 13 


EXERCISES. 


49. “Exete xpaci; Aév éyw xpaci, éyw Eeidu Kal 
rad. —"Eyes TO tparéte tov madiod; “Oy, exw Ta 
"A Qn ; a \ \ n nr 
TaTovTata Tov KopiTotov. —TO Kredi Tod Tpamekiod. 
—"Eyete TO addtt kal TO caTotu; Maddora. — 
"Eyes 7TO Koutl kal To KpeBBatr; “Oy, exer Ta 


pavovrLa. 


50. Have you the bread? Yes, I have the bread. 
— Has he bread? He hasn’t bread.— Hast thou the 
salt? I have not the salt.— Have they the table? 
No, they have not the table. — Have we the oil and 
the vinegar? Yes, we have the oil and the vinegar. 
— Have they wine?! No, they have oil.— Have you 
the boy’s shoes? No, I have the girl’s keys and the 
boy’s boxes. ——_ Has he the girl’s handkerchief ? Yes, 
he has the girl’s handkerchief. 


1 Omit the article. 


14 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON III. 


SUBSTANTIVE VERB. 


Etpat. 
51. eluor, Jam. eieOa, we are. 
elaa, thou art. elaOe, you are. 
elvat, he (she) is. elvat, they are. 


52. NoTe.— The personal pronouns J, thou, he, etc.. are not ex- 
pressed with the verb in Greek, — except for emphasis. 


53. REMARK. — Eliya: is followed by the predicate nominative; 
e.g. eluas kadds, J am good. 


’EvriOera. — ADJECTIVES. 


54. Adjectives have three genders, masculine, feminine, 
and neuter, according to the gender of the substantive which 
they qualify. 

Position. 

‘55. When masculine or neuter adjectives are not accom- 
panied by a substantive, av@pwos, man, must be understood 
in the first case, and zpaypa, thing, in the second; e.g. of 
Kadot Kai ot Kaxoi, the good and the bad (men); td KaddXtrepov 
evar .. ., the best (thing) is. 


2) 9 ¢ ¢ 
TOF EY OM OY *Apoenixsv. — Masculine. 
ee | 


, SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
56. Nom. xaAds, good. KaXoi. 
Gen. _—kaAov. kadOv. 
Dat. Kado. xaXots. 
Acc. — aAdov. KaXovs. 


Voc. KaXe. KaAol. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 15 


57. eluar xadrdos, J am good. elvat Karol, they are good. 
elvat kadds, he ts good. Kade avOpwre! good man! 


OndAvxév. — Feminine. 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 

58. Nom. Kady. Kadai, 
Gen. Kadjs. Kadov. 

Dat. Kady. kaXais. 

Acc. KaAnv. kaAds. 


Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 





59. ciuar katy, [am good (fem.). 
ciueOa Kadai, we are good. elvan xady; ts she good? 
Ovdérepov. — Neuter. 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
60. Nom.  xaAdv. KaXd.. 
Gen. KaAov- KaAOv. 
Dat. KaA@. kaXois. 
Acc. KaXOov. Kadd. 


Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


61. elva kaXdov, it is good. 


elvau Kadd, they are good (neuter). var xaddov; ts it good? 


62. Nore.— The final v of the neuter nom., acc. and voc. singular 
is omitted in the vulgar idiom (kadé for xadéy). 


-Masc. Fem. NzvtT. 

63. KaKOS Kak? Kakov, bad. 
GVvOLKTOS GVOLKTY) dvoukTov, open. 
KAELoTOS KAELOTH KAeotov, shut. 


Beppos bepun Geppov, “warm. 


16 


A PRACTICAL 


METHOD 


Bpeypevos* Bpeypevy Bpeypevov, wet. 
lor bight OTEYVOS oTeyvy oreyvov, ary oe fen 
Woo = vwros yorn vorrov, Jresh (not stale). 
g Cdokihkg  oreyds oTevy oTevov, narrow. 
e ty ev moppos evpopon” evpoppov, pretty. 
TAY doxnpos doxnpn® doxnpov, ugly. 
as- Qoemg. EvKOAoS evKoAy” evKoXov, easy. 
6 & please SicxoXos dvcKoAn? dvcKorov, difficult. 


64. mod; where? edo, here. exel, there. 


EXERCISES. 


65. [lod ecivar ro etd: kai To Addit; "Eda eivar.— Kioat 
kadds; “Oxt, eiuar xaxds. — Eivae 7d Kovtl Krevordr ; 
"Ox, elvat avoixtov.— Kiva doxnpov 70 Kopitar; “Ot, 
eivat evpwophov.— Ilod eiabe ; *Kda.— "Eyes ta wrevdid 
Ttav Tmaiav; Mddora.— Kivat xadov To xpact; Aév 
elvat kaddv.— lod eivat To Kopitot; HKivae éxet. — 
Aév eiwat Oeppos, eiwar Bpeyuévos. — 
Manota, 


Mandiorta, eivat 


EioGe Oeppds ; * 

3 é \ \ ze a r + 
Eivat cada Ta TaTovToLa THY KOPLTOLOD ; 
elvat kadrd. — Kivat 76 Wopl verer ; 


\ \ / 
veatrov Kal Oeppdv. 


1 Perfect passive participle, BeBpeyuévos, the reduplication being 
dropped in the vulgar idiom. 

2 These feminine forms belong to the vulgar idiom; the accent 
remains on the same syllable as in the masculine, although the termi- 
nation of the feminine is long (see § 21). In the literary language the 
feminine forms are the same as the masculine, etpopdos, evxodos, etc. 

8 The verb eic@e is put in the plural, instead of in the singular, out 
of politeness; the adjective remains in the singular. 


IN MODERN GREEK. , 17 


66. The bread is good.—Is the salt good? No, it 
is wet.— Where is the key? Here it is (do eivac). — 
Is the box open? No, the box is not open, it is shut. 
— Are they good (neuter)? No, they are bad. — Is it 
dry? No, it is wet.— Have you good bread? Yes, 
we have good bread. — Where is it? There. — Have 
they good oil? No, they have bad oil. — Are the shoes 
wet? No, they are dry. — Where are the boy and the 
girl? Here they are. — Is the girl pretty? No, she is © 
ugly. — Has the girl pretty eyes? Yes, she has pretty 


eyes. 


18 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON IV. 
Hew teon VERBS. 
Say Ee ee ee eee 
Tlapararixés. — Imperfect. rQOY Co 


Poke; 
67. yor (vig. efya), L had. cixopev (vig. eixapev), we had. 
elxes, thou hadst. _ exere (vig. etxare), you had. 
elxe, he (or she) had. elxov (vig. etyav), they had. 


68. REMARK. — The auxiliary verb éyw, 7 have, is defective and 
has only one past tense; ¢lxov stands at the same time for the imperfect, 
/ was having, the perfect, 7 have had, the pluperfect, 7 had had, and the 
aorist, 7 Aad. The classic second aorist ésxov is sometimes used in the 
literary language. 


First DECLENSION. 


69. In Modern Greek there are six declensions of 
nouns. 


: \ 
70. The first declension contains feminine ‘nouns ending 
in y and a, and masculine nouns ending in ys and as. 


71. The feminine nouns ending in y are declined as 


follows: — 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 7 tin, honor. ai Tia. 
Gen. THs TUANS- TOV Timaov. 
Dat. TH TUyLy- Tats Tipais. 
‘ ‘ ‘4 ld 
Acc. TH Tiny. Tas TYLas. 


Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


IN MODERN GREEK. 19 


72. In the same way are declined the nouns: — 


4 pwvy, Voice. 9 Umropovyn, Patience. 

9 ayamrn, love. y KaAwovvn, kindness. BEA / 0; 
H adeApy, Sister. H émicroAn, letter. Ge 

H Con, life. n oTiypy, instant. 

9 €opty, holiday. 9 avatoAyn, Last (rise, of stars). 

4 xopudy, top. 9 paxn, battle. 

9 oeAnVy, MOON. n Kepadn, head. 

H avrAy, court. 9 axoAn, School. 

n tpopy, Sood,  ocvpBovdyn, advice. 


9 Céorn (vig.), heat. 4 yvepn, opinion. 
9 aorpary, lightning. 4 Wvxy, soul. 


Also the feminine adjectives in y, given in § 63, such as 
Kady, Kaky, etc. 


(For further examples see Vocab. I.) 


73. REMARK. — The genitive plural of all the nouns, masculine and 
feminine, of the first declension always has the accent on the last 
syllable, ¢.g. Tyr, ceXnvdv, tpopay, etc. This rule does not apply to 
adjectives, as we shall see later on. 


74. dAdd (GAX’ before a vowel), dz7. ri; what? 
kate (vig. kare TL), something. tirote, nothing. 


Sév éyw rimore, [ have nothing (lit. [ haven't nothing). 


EXERCISES. 


75. Eyetexatt; Manoa, éyw catt.—Tééyete; “Exo 
To KrELdS. TOU KoUTLOD. — Eiabe xadds; “Oxt, dév etwat 


7 
Kanos, eluar kaxds.— Eiye TO madi Kada tratovtota ; 


20 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


"Ox, TO madi dev eiye ada TraTovToLa, adXAA. TO 
Kopitat eixye.—Ti éyeus; Tirrote. — Kiyete xariv 
tpopny eis (at) THY cxoAHV; “Oxyt, Sév elyomev Kadi 
Tpopiv, elyouev kaxnv. — Kivat n hwvi Tod Kopitao.od 
Karn; “Ovyt, dév eivat cadyn.— Eyete éoptnv; Mdduora. 
—TIlod civar ‘ra pavdvra Tov Kopitotov; ivar exe. 
— Eivat cad » yvoun tod tadi0d; Maddora, » yvoun 
ToD Taldiod elvat Kadry.—” Eyes THY émioTOrAnVY TIS 
aderAphns tov maidiod; “Ox, dév thy (zt) éxo. 

76. You are a’ good boy. —Is the bread good? 
No, the bread is bad. — What is good? Nothing is 
good (timrore dév eivat xaddv).— Is the girl pretty? 
No, the girl is ugly. — Are the shoes dry? No, they 
are wet. — Had she a good voice? No, she had a bad 
voice, but pretty eyes. — Had they good food at (eis 
with accusative) the school? Yes, the food was good, 
but the wine was bad. — Hadst thou a good holiday ? 
~ Yes. — Hadst thou wine, and oil, and vinegar? I had 
no wine (dév elyov xpaci), but I had (add eixor) oil 
and vinegar.— Had they good beds? Yes, they had 
good beds. — Have you 4a sister? No, I have no 
(Sev €yw) sister.— Where is the court? Here it is. — 
The rising of the moon. — Had you a letter of the 
boy’s sister? Yes, I had a letter. 


1 Omit the indefinite article. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 21 


LESSON V. 


.VERBS (continued). 
Imperfect of Htpat. 
77. The imperfect of the verb efua, 7 am, is as follows:— 


nenv (vig. nwovv), J was. 

joo (vig. yoovv), thou wast. 

nro (nrov before a vowel, vig. jrav), he (or she) was. 
nucba (vig. yyacbe, nuaote), we were. 

node (vig. hore), you were. 

noav (vig. nrav), they were. 


78. Like éyw, the auxiliary verb ejua: has only one past 
tense, nun. : 


First DECLENSION (continued). 


79. Feminine nouns of the frst declension ending in a 
may be subdivided into two categories: first, those that 
have a vowel or the consonant p before the final a; second, 
those that have any other consonant than p before the 
final a. 


80. The nouns of the first category are declined as 
follows : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. % xapd, Joy. ai xapat. 
Gen. THs xapas. TOV XapOv. 
Dat. Ty xap¢. Tats xapats. 
Acc.  THv xapav. Tas xXapas. 


Voc. (like Nom.) . (like Nom.) 


22 A PRACTICAL METHOD 
81. In the same way are declined the following nouns:— 


q oikia, house. 9 copia, wisdom. 
9 @pa, hour. q yevia, corner. 


9 ohaipa, ball, sphere. % xapa, country. 


q npepa, day. 9 piria, friendship. 
9 ayopa, market. 9 €Aevbepia, liberty. 
q yépupa, bridge. q wérpa, stone. 

9 Ovpa, door. 9 oxida, shadow. 

q Kapdia, heart. 9 vyeia, health. 

9 aobevea, tl/ness. 9 toawvia, ribbon. 


(For further examples see Vocab. II.) 


82. REMARK 1.—a. It is important to note that the termination 
as of the genitive singular of these nouns is always long, and, when the 
accent falls upon it, this accent is always a circumflex ("); ¢.g. ris 
Xapas, THs ayopas. 


83. 4. If the accent falls on the penultimate syllable, then it must 
always be an acute (’); ¢.g. Tis wpas, THs nudpas, THs copias. 


84. c. If in the nominative the accent falls on the antepenultimate, 
then in the genitive it will descend to the penultimate and be an acute, 
as in the above case (4); ¢.g. 7 yépupa, gen. Tis yepupas. 


85. REMARK 2.—The genitive plural of all nouns of the first 
declension, as already mentioned in § 73, always has the accent on the 
last syllable, and this accent is always a circumflex; ¢.g. r@v xapGv, rev 
dyopGv, t&v xapiiGv, Tov yepupOv. This rule does not apply to adjec- 
tives, as we shall see in the following Remark (§ 89). 


86. % qucpa tis éAcevOepias, the day of liberty. 
ai ywviar tov oixiov, the corners of the houses. 
ai doOevera THs Kapdias, the diseases of the heart. 
Tas oKias THS yepupas, the shadows (acc.) of the bridge. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 23 


87. Feminine adjectives ending in a are also declined in 
the same way; 4g. 


ayia, saintly, holy (fem.). édevbépa, free. 
xaBapa, pure, clean. agia, worthy. 


énpa, ary. pavepa, manifest, evident. 


(For further examples see the masculine adjectives of the following 
declensions.) 


88. 9 ayia copia, holy wisdom. 
ai kaOapat kapdia, Pure hearts. 
Tas €Aevbépas xwpas, free countries. (acc.). 
THs pavepas dirias, of evident friendship. 


89. REMARK.— The genitive plural of these adjectives follows the 
general rule of the declension (§ 85), except when the masculine adjective 
ends in os (second declension) and is not accentuated on the last syllable; 
e.g. ayla, masc. dyws. In these cases the genitive plural of the feminine 
is accentuated as in the masculine; ¢.g. ayia, gen. pl. dylwv (not dy.dr) ; 
Tov aylwv ijpepdr, of holy days. 


go. pov, my. pas, Our. . 
cov, thy. gas, your. 


Tov, THs, Tov, his, her, its. tw, their. 


g1. These pronouns are put immediately after the noun 
to which they belong; e.g. 7 xapdia pov, my heart; 4 dirla 
gas, your friendship. Their accent is absorbed in the pre- 
ceding word if this word is accented on the final syllable 
(2g. xapd pov), ‘er has an acute on the penultimate (e.g. 
kapdta ov); but if it has a circumflex on the penultimate 
(¢.g. opatpa), or if the accent is on the antepenultimate (e.g. 
yépupa), then the accent of the pronoun is added on the 
last syllable of the preceding word and becomes an acute; 


€.g. Tpaipa pov, yepupa pov. 


24 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


' g2. Eiyete rHv pidiav tov; “Oyt, dev eiyor thy Tiny 
THs pidias tov.—*HoGe eis (at) THY ayopav; “Ox, 
nunv ets THY Ovpav THs adds. — Al yovia THis yedvpas. 
— Ai dpat Tov aylov nuepov. — Kiyov rhv aydrny tis 
aderpys tov. — To xopitar Aro Kaddv. —"Eyerte 7d Eetdi 
pas Kal TO Adds pas; “Ox, dév Ey TO Ectdu eal TO AOL 
cas, AA’ éyw TO Yropul kai TO Kpaci cas. —” Ho vwrov 


To Wopi; “Ox, Fro Enpdr. 


93. Have you the honor of his friendship? He has 
not the honor of my friendship. — You had the joy of 
her love. — They had the love of their sister. — The 
fétes (ai éoptat) of the holy days. — The corner of the 
bridge. — Divine (ayéa) wisdom is worthy of honor. — 
‘Were you in (eis with accusative) the court? No, 
I was at (es) the market. — Had you the keys of the 
door? No, I had the keys of your box.— Was the 
boy good? Yes, the boy was good, but the girl was 
bad (neuter).— The hours of the day.— Have you 
anything! good (neuter). No, I have nothing good. — 
Her joy is manifest.— Were yout@hdes dry? No 
they were wet. 


1 In the vulgar idiom éyere rlrore ; (have you nothing?) is often used 
for éxere kari; (have you anything ?). 


LN MODERN GREEK. 25 


LESSON VI. 


VERBS (continued). 





*Eveorrés. — Present. KPevoes 


04. dyopalw, L buy. 
ayopalw yout, L buy bread. 
ayopalouv’ kpaci, they buy wine. 
Aeyw, L say. 
étt, that (conjunction). 
Aeyw ori, L say that. 
Neyer Gre eipeOa Karol, he says that we are good. 
tpwyw, L eat. 
Tpwyopev Ww, we eat bread. 
— dxotvtw, L hears 
axovw TO madt, L hear the boy. 


dxovw ort evar Kados, L hear that he is good. 


95- Nore.— The above verbs are conjugated in the present indic- 
ative active like €xw (see § 36). 


96. tov,” him. tous, them (masc.). 
THV, Aer. - ds, them (fem.). 
aed -» , 
TO, i‘? ra, them (neut.). 


1 The vulgar form of the verb is here used because xpacl belongs to 
the vulgar idiom. The literary form, dyopdfovo., would demand the use 
of the literary word for wine, oivov. 

2 These pronouns are shortened forms of av’rév, adrjy, airé, etc., the 
accusatives of the personal pronoun of the third person. Instead of 
Tov éxw the literary form @xw adréy is used in writing. 


26 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


97. tov €xo, L have him. 
dev tov éxw, L haven't him. 
tov axovw, J hear him. 
dev tHhv exw, L haven't her. 
dev 76 ayopalw, LT do not buy it. 
tous éxw, L have them (masc.). 
dev ras éxw, J haven't them (fem.). 


dev ra dxovw, J do not hear them (neut.). 


First DECLENSION (continued). 


98. The second category of feminine nouns of the first 
declension ending in a (see § 79) comprises those that have 
a consonant other than p before the final a. 


99. They are declined as follows :— 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 7 yA@ooa, tongue. ai yA@ooa. 
Gen. THs yAdoons. TOV yAwoodr. 
Dat. TH yAwoon.: tais yAwoous. 
Acc.  Tyv yA@ooav. Tas yAwouas. 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


100. Like yAéooa are declined : — 


9 tparela,’ table, bank. 9 teéiva,, hunger. 

9 Siva, thirst. 9 So : glory. 

9 pila, root. 7 peALooa, bee. 

9 Bacituwooa, queen. 9 aifovoa, drawing-roam. 
9 Odracoa, sea. H dpaga, carriage. 


1 rpdmeta is the classical word for ¢aé/e, and is used in this sense in 
the literary language. An a/far is called dyla rpdmefa, holy table. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 27 


IOI. ai aiMovon tis Baoidicons, the drawing-rooms of the 


queen. 
9 Ovpa ris dudéys, the door of the carriage. 
4 avoixTn Odrdacca, the open sea. 
9 Sofa THs aperns, the glory of virtue. 
SvckorAa yAdoou, difficult languages. 


evKoAov yAwoons, of an easy language. 


102. Nore.— From the paradigm and examples it is apparent that 
the second category of feminine nouns ending in a differs from the first 
only in the genitive and dative singular, which end in 7s and y instead 
of as and g. The vulgar idiom does not make this distinction and 
always forms the genitive in as (r#s yAdooas, instead of rs yAwoons), 
but this is never done by the educated classes, except in the case of a 
few modern nouns, generally derived from the Italian, which do not 
change the final a. Such are: — 


103. 


104. 


y yara, cat. | 4 wHATTa, pie. 

9 Botptoa, brush. q wopta, door. 

9 SovAa,! maid. 9 covma, soup. 

9 KoAAa, starch, glue. 9 Tp<AAa, madness. 

9 KovKAa, doll. 9 pera, slice. 

9 oKdAa, staircase, ladder. % popdda, mare. 

” Adprra, lamp. n podvkta, handful. 

7 KoA@va, column. » Wd0a, straw matting. 

n waoTa, paste. 4 Wixa, soft part of bread. 


9 Botproa-ris SovAas, the brush of the maid (the maid’s 
brush). : 


9 Adpra THs oKxdAas, the lamp of the staircase (staircase 


lamp). 


1 The classical form ot this word is do’An, which means s/ave. 
Educated people call a maid-servant trnpérpia. 


28 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


ai KoA@vat THs woptas, the columns of the door. 


pia povkra wacta,’ a handful of paste. 


105. Nore. — In the vulgar idiom ¢ is often added to the nomina- 
tive plural, yAwooas for yAwooa. 


106. ReMARK.—a. The terminations a of the nominative and ay 
of the accusative singular are always short in these nouns; the termina- 
tion as of the accusative plural is always long. 


107. 4. The genitive plural has a circumflex on the last syllable, as 
in the entire first declension. 


EXERCISES. ‘ 


108. “Eyes To Kredi ths méptas (BUpas); Aév ro 
»” 3 \ / fa fal \ \ > 
éya. — Kiyes thv yatav tov Kopitaovod; Aév THv eiyov. 
— Ilob eivat  apaka ths Baoidioons; Aév eivar edo. 
— [lod Arov » Adptra Ths aiPovons; *Ede. — Eivat 7 


yA@ooa evKonros (vig. evKorn); “Oxi, elvat dVoKoXos. 





Ti dyopdtere; "Aryopdfopev xddrAXav Kal mdotav. — 
"Axovets THY Oddkacoav; Maddora. —"Eye 70 Kxopirot 
Kkarnv kapdtav; “Oxi, exer Kaxnv kapdiav, dAXA\a Kardjv 
povnv. —"Eyeis tHv KodKXav TOD. Kopitatod; ev elvat 


fa) a ey a / 
TOU KOpLTaLod, eivat THS SovAas. 


1 In the vulgar idiom the nominative is used after words signifying 
measure, weight, number, quantity, efc., instead of the more correct 
genitive (rdora instead of mdoras). Compare the German expression 
ein Glas Wasser, etc. All kinds of macaroni and vermicelli are called 
paste in Modern Greek, as in Italian. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 29 


109. Have you the key of my table? I haven't it. 
— Have you anything? I have nothing. — Where is 
the maid’s cat? She is on (ets) the staircase. — What 
(r¢) does the queen say? I do not hear her. — Do you 
say that the girl is good? I say that she is bad. — 
Had she the key of the drawing-room? No, she hadn’t 
it; she had the key of the door of my house. — Do 
you buy the carriage? I buy it (fem.).—Is there!a 
bee in the drawing-room? Yes, there! is. — What (7) 
are you eating? I am eating a (uéav) slice of bread. — 
Was the girl at (ets) the staircase? No, she was at the 
door. — What are they eating? They are eating the 
pie. — Have you the maid’s starch and her soap? 
No, I haven’t them. 


1 Omit there. 


30 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON VII. 
VERBS (continued). 


Mé\Aov. — Future. xX? 0 yas 


110. There are two futures in Greek, the first and the 
second. 


111. The first future expresses the action in its duration, © 
that is, as going on or repeated in future time; eg. drav 
é€muotpeyys, 04 tpwyw, when you return I shall be eating ; 
0° dyopdlw ravrore dprov dx’ airov, I shall always buy bread 
Jrom him. 


112. The first future is conjugated thus :— 
0a dyopalw (8° ayopafw), J shall buy (habitually). 
6a dyopakys. 
6a. dyopaly. 
6a dyopalwpev. 
0a dyopalnre (vig. ayopdlere). 
6a ayopdLwor (vlg. d&yopdfovr). 
113. The first future is formed with 64 and the present 


subjunctive (see § 212). @a is a contraction of @édw iva, 
I wish that. 


114. Oa eyo, Jshall have. 0a exwpev. 


6a exns- 0a éxnre (vig. éxere). 

a. éxn. 6a éxwor (vig. exovv). 
115. . 6a elua, J shall be. Oa cipeBa. 

6a eioat. 0a ciobe. 


6a eva. 6a elvat. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 31 


116. 6a A€yw, L shall say. 
6a tpwyw, L shall eat. 


04 dxovw (0° dxotw), J shall hear. 


117. The second future expresses simply the future 
occurrence of the action, ¢.g. drav émortpéewys, 94 payw, when 
you return, I shall eat; avpiov 0° a&yopadow aprov, to-morrow 
I shall buy bread. It is conjugated in the same manner as 
the first future. It is formed with 6a and the aorist sub- 
junctive (see § 212). 


118. 6a dyopacw, [shall buy (simply). 04 etrw, L shall say. 
6a dxovow, L shall hear. 6a payw, J shall eat. 


119. The second future of some verbs, like the aorist, is 
formed on a different stem from that of the present, as 
A€eyw, Tpdyw, etc. (see above). “Exyw and ear have only the 
first future. 


First DECLENSION (continued). 


120. Masculine nouns of the first declension end in qs 
and as; they are declined as follows :— 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
121. Nom. 6 Kdrérrys, thief. ot KAerrat. 
Gen. Tov KAErrov. Tov KAErTOv. 
Dat. TO KA€rTy. Tots KNerras. 
Acc. Tov KAérT nv. Tous KAerras. 
Voc. KAerra. (like Nom.) 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
122. Nom. 6 tapias, cashier. ot Tapia. 
Gen. TOD Tapiov. Tov TapLov. 
Dat. TO Tapia. TOIs Tapas. 
Acc. Tov Tapiav. ToUs Tapias. 


Voc. Tapia. (like Nom.) 


32 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


123. In the same way are declined the following nouns :— 


6 BiBAvorwAys, bookseller. 6 vavTys, sailor. 

6 émuBarns, Passenger. 6 mavtoTwAns, grocer. 
6 émusrarns, overseer. 6 rointys, Poet. 

6 épyarys, workman. 6 orpatiatys, soldier. 
6 Oearns, spectator. 6 trnpéetys, Servant. 

6 Kabnyntys, Professor. - 5 xaptys, Paper, map. 
6 kuBepyytys, captain. - 6 Wadrys, chanter. 

6 Anorys, brigand. : 6 veavias, young man. 
6 pabyrns, Pupil. 6 Aoxlas, sergeant. - 


(For further examples see Vocab. V.) 


124. REMARK.— Proper names ending in as, like ’Erauewwvdas, 
make the genitive in a, rod "Erapewdvia. 


125. Nore.— It will have been remarked that the plural of all the 
nouns of the first declension, both masculine and feminine, has the 
same terminations. 


126. Twpa, NOW. 
onpepov, to-day. 
avpiov, to-morrow. 
peOaiprov, the day after to-morrow. 
dyripeBavpiov, two days after to-morrow. 
mavrore, always. 
xbés, yesterday. 
mpoxbés, the day before yesterday. 
dvrimpoxés, two days before yesterday. 


mépvor, last year. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 33 


| EXERCISES. 
127. Ti 0’ ayopdonte aipiov; Adpiov dév 6’ ayopacw 
tirroTe, AdAa peOavpiov BO’ ayopdow Kkpaci. —Ti 0a réyn 
o Ka@nyntns; Oa rA€yn Ste ot paOntal eivar Kaxol. — 


e 


“¢ Oa eitrn 6 Kados émiotatns; ‘O érictarns 6 Kands 
Oa eitrn Sti ot Epyadtat Kal 0 TavTOTeANS Elvat AnoTal. — 
"Axoveis tov KkuBepyntnv; Aév tov axova.— @a Tov 
axovys; Oa Tov axovw.— Oda Tov akovons aivptov ; 
@a Tov axovow. — Kivar evxodos (vlg. evKoAn) 7 yYA@ooa 
tov éemiBarov; HKivar dvoxoros (vig. dvaKxoAn). — Té 
eyes TMpa Oo Taulas THS Tpatréns; Ayer Ste 6 veavias 
elvat KAemTHS. —’Ayopatas Eeid: kal Addu ard (from) 
Tov tTavTroT@Anyv; Mddota, tépa ayopdfm amd Tov 
TavToT@Any, ar\rAa 8 ayopafm wavTote amo TOV ért- 
aratnv. — Ti 0a haynre avpiov; Aidpiov cal pePavpiov 
6a hayopev copay racta.! 

128. What are you buying? Iam not buying any- 
thing to-day; I shall buy paper to-morrow. — What are 
the soldiers eating? They are eating the sailor’s 
‘bread. — Where was the servant yesterday? He was 
at the grocer’s door.— What will the spectators be 
saying? They will always be saying that the pupils 
of the professor are not poets. — Do the sailors and 
the passengers hear the captain? No, they hear the 
voice of the young man. — What will the overseer say 
the day after to-morrow? He will say that the work- 
.men are thieves. — Is the cashier a good young man ? 
No, his life is bad. 


1 Placed in the vulgar idiom in the nominative instead of the genitive. 


34 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON VIII. 


VERBS (continued). 


Future (continued). 
129. ypdadw, J write. 
6a ypaiw (second future), 7 shall write. 
ypadw eis tov tapiay,' J write to the cashier. 

130. Nore.— When the indirect object is a personal pronoun, 
in the literary language the dative is used without any preposition, 
2.2. wol, to me, aol, to thee, T@, to him, rH, to her, nuiv, to us, dpiv, to you, 
tots, to them (masc.), tats, to them (fem.). In the vulgar idiom the 
genitive or the accusative is used, ¢.g. cod Aéyw or cé Aéyw, J tell you. 
These. pronouns always precede the verb, except nuiv and tir, which 
are placed after it. 

I3I. pot (nod) ypades, you write to me. 

got (cov) ypdpw, J write to thee. 

T@ (Tov) ypadw, J write to him. 

TH (THs) ypadw, L write to her. 

ypapovow ypiv (was ypapovr), they write to us. 
ypahovow tpiv (cas ypddovr), they write to you. 
tois (rods) ypadw, J write to them (masc.). 

132. vopilw, J think, J believe. 

64 vopiow, J shall think (second future). 
vopilw ori, L think that. Gv, J wish. 
64. OeAjnow, J shall wish. Gédw va, J wish to. 


133. REMARK.—N4d is a shortened form of tva (which belongs to 
' the literary language) and, like 04, which, as we saw (§ 113), is a contrac- 7 
tion of 6é\w iva, is always followed by the subjunctive. 


1 In the literary language, ypddw r@ raplg. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 35 


“rrotaxtixny. — SUBJUNCTIVE. 


134. An example of the conjugation of the subjunctive 
has been given (§ 112) in the conjugation of the future. 
The tenses in the forms that follow have the same distinc- 
tion of meaning as in the future. The verb Odo, J wish, 
is here prefixed in order to make the meaning clearer. 


135. 


136. 


137. 


Present. 


Grw v' dyopdlw, L wish to buy (habitually). 
Oédas v’ ayopalns, thou wishest to buy. 

Oéder v ayopalyn, he wishes to buy. 

Oedomev v ayopalwpev, we wish to buy. 
Oédere v dyopdlnre, you wish to buy. 
OéXover v dyopalwou, they wish to buy. 


Aorist. 


Bedw v dyopacw, [ wish to buy (simply). 
Oédas v dyopdons, thou wishest to buy. 
Gerda v' ayopaon, he wishes to buy. 
Oedopev v ayopdowpev, we wish to buy. 
OedXere v ayopacnte, you wish to buy. 


Gedover v dyopaowor, they wish to buy. 


OéXer va ypadw mavrote, he wishes me always to 
write. 

Geka va ypayw onpepov, he wishes me to write 
to-day. 7 


36 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


SECOND DECLENSION. 


138. The second declension comprises masculine and 
feminine nouns ending in os and neuters ending in ov. 


139. An example of a masculine noun ending in os is the 


following : — 
SINGULAR. 
Nom. 6 av@pw7os, man. 
Gen. Tov avOpwrov. - 
Dat. TO avOpwrTw. 
Acc. Tov avOpwrov. 
Voc. avOpwrre. 


PLURAL. 
ec 

ot avOpwrro. 

trav avOparwv. 
~ 3 , 

Tots avOpwrrois. 
‘ 3 , 

Tovs avOparovs. 


(like Nom.) 


140. In the same way are declined : — 


aderpds, brother. 
dveyios, nephew. 


aiwpartikds, Officer. 


Snpapxos, mayor. 

diddoKados (vlg. ddcxados), 
teacher. 

Spopos, road. 

€uzropos, merchant. 

Odrapos, chamber. 

OopuBos, noise. 

iatpos, doctor. 

immos (Vlg. 76 ddoyov), horse. 

imadAndros, clerk. 

piros, friend. 

éxOpos, enemy. 

Odvaros, death. 


Koopos, world. 


yALos, Siz. 

Addos, A277. 

vaos, temple. 

dBoXos, cent. 

Kaipos, weather, time. 

Kiros vg. TO wept BorL), garden. 

knrovpos (Vig. meptBoXrdpys), 
gardener. x 

pdyerpos, cook. 

olvos (vlg. xpac’), wine. 

oravros, stable. 

rupos (vig. rd rup/), cheese. 

yeppavos, German. 

irados, Ltalian. 

icravos, Spaniard. 

aidnpos, iron. 

xarKos, copper. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 37 


Kvpos, gentleman, master, sir. apyvpos (vlg. ro don), silver. 
avvyos (vlg.dvépas), husband.  xpvoos, gold. 


ayyAos, Lnglishman. Toixos, wall. 
Gpepixavos, American. Urvos, sleep. 
yadros, Hrenchman. Karvos, smoke, tobacco. 


(For further examples see Vocab. VI.) 


I4I. 6 iatpos OéXa v ayopacy Karvov, the doctor wishes to 


buy tobacco. 


Sa 


payepos yyopacev olvov, the cook bought wine. 


avlvyos pov pol ypade dre dev exer dBodov, my 


Oa 


husband writes to me that he has not a cent 
(a farthing). 


EXERCISES. 


142. @drer o SHuapyos va ypdrryn els Tov Eurropor ; 
"Oyt, OéreL va yparyn eis TOV avuyov Tis adedpijs Tov. 
— [lod eivat 6 Oddapos Tod KnTovpod; Eivat eis Tov 
xnrov. — Nouiler 6 diros tod aderpod cas Sti o Spdpos 
eivat Kados; Madrora. — Ti 0a vopion 6 wayetpos dtav 
(when) 0 axovon Ste 6 olvos Sév civat Kaos; Oa vopion 
OTL 6 TavTOT@ANS elvat KAeTTNS. — O€ret Oo averids cas 
Vv ayopacn oivov; “Oy, Oére Vv ayopdon Kadov Tupor. 
—’Hydpacev 6 adyydos Tov Totyov Tob vaod; Aév Tov 
Hydpacev 6 adyyXos, TOV Hydpacev 6 apeptxavds. — Lob 
ypader 6 avtuyds cov Trept (about, with gen.) Tod Bavarov 
Tod akimpatixod; Nopl&m dre pol ypade. — Lod eivas 
» oikla ToD Kupiov; ivae eis tov Nopov. — Ti Oérere, 


kupie; Aev Oédw TiroTe. 


38 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


143. Does the gardener’s nephew think that the 
weather is good? No, he thinks that it is bad.— What 
will your brother’s friend think when (érav) he hears 
the noise in the stable? He will think that the doctor’s 
horse is bad (vicious). Does the merchant’s clerk 
wish to buy a good garden? No, he always wishes to 
buy (be buying) horses. —Do you wish me to write to 
the mayor? No, I wish you to write to his sister’s 
husband. — This (adtés 0) German is an officer.1— 
Have you heard about (zep/, with genitive) the death 
of our enemy ?— Have you bought tobacco? I have 
not bought it, because (écé7v) I haven’t a cent. 


1 Omit the article. 


IN MODERN GREER. 39 


LESSON IX. 
VERBS (continued ). 
Future (continued). 


144. Pres. dvoiyw, [ open. 
Imp. yvovyov, / opened (was opening). 
2Fut. @ dvoigéw, J shall open. 


Pres. dpéeoxw, J please. 
Imp. %peoxov, / pleased. 
2Fut. 0° dpéow, J shall please. 


145. REMARK. — In the vulgar idiom the ferson pleased is put in 
the accusative (sometimes in the genitive), without any preposition 
if the person is expressed by a personal pronoun, and with the pre- 
position eds if it is expressed by a noun. 


146. E.g. wé dpéoxea, [like (it pleases me). 
dey we dpeoxe, J don’t like. 
ot dpeoxe, thou likest. 
tov (tHv) apeoxe, he (she) likes. 
dpéoxer eis TO 101d, the boy likes (tt pleases the boy). 
pas dpéoxa, we like. | 
cas apéecxe va ypadyte; do you like to write? 
Tovs (ras) dpéoxe, ¢hey (masc., fem.) /zke. 


dpéoker eis Ta Kopito.a, the girls like. 


147. Notr.—In the literary language the dative of the personal 
pronoun is used with dpécxw in the same way as with ypddw (S$ 130, 131). 
In the vulgar idiom the x is often dropped in the present of the above 
verb and dpéce is used for dpéoxe. 


40 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


148. Pres. BddAdw, J put (also J throw). 
Imp.  €fBadrdov, J was putting. 
2 Fut. 6a Barw, J shall put. 


149. Nore.—In the vulgar idiom Bdfw is used instead of Bdé\dw in 
the present, and €Bafov for €8addov. The future remains 0a Bddw. 


150. Pres. Bydlo, LT take off (put out). 
Imp. €Byalov, / was taking off. 
2 Fut. 0a Byddw, J shall take off: 


I51. Nore.— This verb is a corruption of é«8dé\\w and is formed 
in the vulgar idiom in the same way as Bdgw for Bdddw. 


152. Pres. BadAéro, J see. 
Imp. €PdAerov, 7 was seeing. 
2 Fut. 64 ido, 7 shad/ see (irregular). 


I53- REMARK.— When a verb begins with a vowe/, this becomes 
long in the imperfect and other past tenses of the indicative; if the 
verb begins with a consonant, the past tenses take an e at the beginning. 
This is called the augment. 


154- 7, Or. 

exes Wwul } kpaci; have you bread or wine? 

eire... eire,! either... or. 

cite 0 dxovons cite 04 idyns, you shall either hear or see. 
ovre... ovte,! neither... nor. 

dev €yw ovtTe Www ote kpaci, J have neither bread nor wine. 
do (with accusative), from. 


dro tas “AOnvas, from Athens. 


1 Etre and obre are apparently accented contrary to the rule “long 
before final short, circumflex”; this is because they are composed of 
two words, ei, or ov, and re. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 41 
155. Remark. — In the literary language dé takes the genitive 


and the article is not used with geographical names; e.g. dw ’AOnvav. 


156. eis (with accusative), 7, on, at. 
eis THV OdAacaar, in the sea. 
eis TOv Addov, on the hill. 


eis TO Oearpov, at the theatre. 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


157. Feminine nouns of the second declension also end 
in os, like the masculine, and are declined like them; e.g. 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
158. Nom. 7 606s, street. ai 6000. 
Gen. ys ddov. TOV GOV. 
Dat. Ty 6d0. tais ddois. 
Acc. THv 600r. Tas ddovs. 
Voc. ~  dde. (like Nom.) 


159. In the same way are declined : — 


9 Gppos, sand, 9 p-€00d0s, method. 
9 €laodos, entrance. % vngos, island. 
% A€uBos, boat. 9 vooos, disease. 


(For further examples see Vocab. VII.) 


160. Like 68ds are also declined the feminine adjectives 
having in common with their masculines the termination os, 
such as exoXos, easy; SvoKodos, difficult; evspoppos, pretty ; 
doxnmos, ugly, etc. (see § 63, note 2). 


161. ai A€uBou etvau eis Tv OaAaccay, the boats are in the sea. 
ai 600i tav “AOnvav, the streets of Athens. 
9 Gppos THs dd00, the sand of the street. 


ai SvaKxoAa yAdoou, the difficult languages. 


42 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


162. “Apéoxe 7 wéOodos tod SibacKxdrAov eis TO Kopitar 
n es TO TraLdi; Aév apéoxet ovte eis TO Kopitar ote Eis 
To tratdi. — [lod eivat 7) AX€uBos Tod va’Tov; EKivai eis 
THV appov. —EBades d&mmov eis tHv oddv; “Ox, EBarov 
els THY eloodov Tod KHTov.— Ti Bydler 6 mavtoTeMANS 
amo THY oiKiav TOU; Brydfer Xadt.— Eivat kaki 4 vooos 
Tov payelpov; Manriota, eivar xaxn. — Kivat car 7 
000s aro TOV KHTrOV Eis THY avAHV; “OxyL, Elvat bypa Kai 
atevn. — Hivas evxoros 7» “EXAnuixn (Greek) yrAaooa; 


Eivat dv0cKoXos. 


163. Do you like the teacher’s method? [I like it, 
but my boy doesn’t like it (Sév apéower eis TO radi pov). 
— Will the girls like his method? They will not like 
it. — Where are the sailors’ boats? They are on (eis) 
the sand.— Will the workmen put sand in the street ? 
No, they will put sand at the entrance of the garden. 
—JIs the disease bad? Yes, it is a bad disease. — 
Has the merchant wine or vinegar? He has neither 
wine nor vinegar; he has oil. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 43 


LESSON X. 


VERBS (continued ). 


4] 
f 
r 
t 


ttn0t en a uweeX *Aédproros. — Aorist. 
164. The stem of a verb is its fundamental part, from 


which, by means of the terminations, the various moods and 
tenses are formed. 


165. The aorist indicative is formed from the verb-stem 
by prefixing the augment (lengthening of the initial vowel, 
or prefixing the letter ¢ if the verb begins with a consonant), 
and in most verbs adding the terminations of the aorist; 
these are ga, oas (vlg. oes), oe, caper, care, car. 


166. Pres. dxovw, J hear (am hearing). 
Aor. yKovoa, [ heard (did hear). nKovoaper. 
nkovoas. nkovoare. 


¥ 
NKOUCE. nkovoay. 


167. If the last letter, or characteristic, of the verb-stem 
is a mute, it either unites with the o of the termination to 
form a double consonant (€ or y), or it is rejected, as will 
be seen in the following lessons. 


168. Pres. ypadw, J write. 
Imp. ¢ypadov, / was writing. 
2 Fut. 04 ypaww, J shall write. 
Aor. éypawa, J wrote. 


Pres. zeiOw, J persuade. 
Imp. éredov, 7 was persuading. 
Fut. 64a 7reiow, J shall persuade. 


Aor. émaca, / persuaded. 


44 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


169. In a similar way, the aorist of dyopdfw, Z duy, is 
nyopaca; Of vouitw, Z think, is évopioa; of dvotyw, J open, 
is yvoga; Of apeoxw, J Please, is ypeca; of Oerw, J wish, 
is 70€Anoa.? 

170. This is called the first aorist, and most verbs 
have no other. The few verbs that have a second aorist 
have generally no first aorist. The second aorist is dis- 
tinguished from the first in that the terminations in the 
indicative are those of the imperfect, and in that the stem 
is generally different from or simpler than that of the 
present. 


I7I. Pres. A€yw, J say. Br€ro, J see. 
Imp. €Aeyov, / was saying.  €Bremrov, J was seeing. 
2 Fut. 64 eirw, J shall say. 0a iw, J shall see. 


2 Aor. elov, J said. eldov, J saw. 
Pres. tpwyw, J eat. Barrow, J put. 


Imp. érpwyov, J was eating. €BaddAov, / was putting. 
2 Fut. 64 payw, J shall eat. 0a Barw, J shall put. 
2 Aor. payor, J ate. éBadrov, J put. 


172. Norre.—In the vulgar idiom the second aorist is used with 
the. terminations of the first, omitting o; ¢.g. elwa, ela, Eparya, €Bada, for 
elroy, eldov, Eparyov, €Badov. 


1 The present was originally é0é\w, and this form still appears in the 
imperfect and aorist indicative, the e being lengthened by the augment 
into 7. The aorist of 0é\w is altogether irregular, being formed on the 
stem é6eXe. 


IN MODERN GREER. 45 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


173. Neuter nouns of the second declension end in ov, 
and are declined as follows : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 1706 BiBdrALov, book. Ta BiBréa. 
Gen. tov BiBrAJLov. tov BiBrLov. ; 
Dat. ro BiBrXo. tois BuBrLous. 
Acc. 16 BuBdAéov. Ta BiBrZLa. 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


174. REMARK.— The termination a of the plural in neuter nouns 
is in all cases short. 


175. In the same way are declined : — 


avyov (lit. wov), egg. EvAov, wood, stick (also 

Bovrvpov, butter. a beating). 

ypadeiov, office, desk. mapa0upov, window. 

dévOpor, tree. meLixov, infantry. 

Swyartiov, room.  -wAotov, ship. | 

dapov, gift. mpoBatov, sheep. FE “ atx rue. 

épyaAciov, instrument.  mvpoBodov, gun. 

Oéar pov, theatre. mupoBorrkov, artillery. 

tarmuxov, cavalry. podor (lit.), vase. 

Aerrov, minute, centime. ayxéd.ov, plan. 

prov, apple. Taxvopopeiov, post-office. 

_vepov (lit. vdwp), tpiavrapvaAdov (vlg.), rose. 
water. rovydpov (vlg.), cigar. 

£evodoxeiov, hotel. xwplor, village. 


(For further examples see Vocab, VIII.) 


46 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


176. Eidere 75 Swpdriov rod déwwyatixod; did you see the 
officer’s room? 
Ta TpravrddvaAXa eivat eis TO rapabupov Tod Taxvdpopeior, 
the roses are in the post-office window. 
ads apéoxe TO oxEédL0v TOD xwpiov; do you like the plan 
of the village ? 

TO Kopdc.ov Hyopace Ta pHArAa ayvti (for, soit gen.) 
mevre (5) Aerra@v Kai Ta éEpaye, the girl bought the 
apples for five centimes and ate them. 

mov €Badres TA Epyadrcia pov; where did you oe my 
instruments ? 


Ta €Badov eis TO ypadeiov aas, L put them in your 


office. 
EXERCISES. 


177. "Hydpaces Ta avya tod tavtor@dov; Aév ta 
nyopaca, didtt Sév Hoav vwrrad.— Hxovoev 6 caOnyntns Tov 
O@épuBov Tav mupoBorkwv; Madorta, tov nxovce.— Rides 
Ta TplavTadvAra ToD Kopaciov; Aév ra eidov, rod eivat ; 
Kiva eis TO mapadbupov.— Las npecav ta dwpartia Tod 
Eevodoyetou; Mé (pol) npecar, are, dev npecav eis Tov 
aderddy yoy. —"Edaye 76 radi ta pia TOD Kyntroupod ; 
"Oy, of vadtar Ta Epayov.—" Eyer 6 épydrns Ta épyaneia 
tov; Mandora.—TIlod eivar ta tovydpa pov; Kiva 
eis TO Swparidv cas. —’ Eyer 7d Eevodoyeiov Kadov vepov; 
Td vepov rod Eevodoyelov elvar Kadov.— Kivat 70 épya- 
Aeiov Tov épydrov aro (of) EvAov 7 ard aidnpov; Ovre 
dro EdXov elvat ovre ard alSnpor, elvar ard yadxer. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 47 


178. Where is the merchant’s office? It is in the 
court of the post-office. — Are the grocer’s eggs good? 
No, they are not fresh. — Did the teacher buy your 
books? Yes, he bought them. — Did the boys eat the 
gardener’s apples? No, the boys did not eat them; 
the girls ate them.— Did you see yesterday the infantry 
and the cavalry? No, I did not see them; my friend 
saw them.— Do you like the plan of the garden? I 
like it, but my brother does not like it. — Did you buy 
the grocer’s eggs? Yes, I bought them.— Are the 
rooms of the hotel good? The rooms are good, but 
the butter and the water are not good. — Where did 
you put the girl’s roses? I put them in the window. 


48 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XI. 


VERBS (continued). 


ee 3 e ee 
frre 0 ety Optotixn.—INDICATIVE. ry 


/ fe 


179. Pres. xabapi{w, J clean. 


Imp. éxafdpilov, 7 was cleaning. 


Fut. 0a xaBapiow, J shall clean. 


Aor. éxafdapica, J cleaned. 


180. The perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect are 
formed by combining the present, imperfect, and future of 
the auxiliary verb éyw with the aorist infinitive, which always 


ends in a; 2¢., 


Perf. exw Kabapioe, J have cleaned. 


Pluperf. elyov xaOapioa, 7 had cleaned. 


Fut. Perf. 0a éxyw xaBapioe, J shall have cleaned. 


181. RemMARK.—In these compound tenses Zyw and exo are 
alone conjugated, as given in §$ 36, 67 and 114, while xa@apice remains 
unchanged. xa@apioe represents the classical aorist infinitive cadaploa. 


182. Norr.— The seven tenses given above complete the indicative 


mood. 
183. xdpvw, J do. 
éxapvov, 1 was doing. 
64 xapw, Z shall do. 
éxapov, [ did. 
éxw kaper, 7 have done. 


elxyov kaper, [had done. 


6a éxw xdper, T shall 
have done. 


AapBavw, J ger. 

éA\apBavov, J was getting. 

64 Aa Bw, 7 shall get. 

étaBov, J got. 

éxw AGB, 7 have got. 

elyov AaBa, J had got. 

6% éxw Ad Bea, J shall 
have got. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 49 


184. duri; why? Siott, because. - 
Ti kapvere; how do you do? ‘wis ice; how are you? 
éXaBov tiv émictoAnv cas, L received your letter. 
diari dev exabapices (vlg.) rv oxadav; why did you 
not clean the stairs? 


duore Sev elyov vepov, because [ had no water. 
185. otav, when. dv, éav, Zf. 


186. These particles in Modern Greek take either the 
indicative or the subjunctive. If the reference is to past 
time, or to present time in an unrealized supposition (e2.g., 
av npnv mrovotos, 04 €BonPovv tos mrwxovs, if L were rich, 
I would help the poor), or to future time when the supposition 
is joined with the conditional mood (see §§ 214-216), they 
take the past tenses of the indicative; in all other cases 
they take either the subjunctive or the future indicative. 


187. dev mpocexes Orav ypadys, you do not pay attention 
when you write, } 
nrAOopev Stav eypades, we came when you were 


writing. 
cié prow Gv 04 TH ypayns, tell me if you will write to 
him. 


dv ypawys aird, ciré tw va €X\On, if you write to him, 
tell him to come. 

div TO eypawes, Oi €rOn, of you wrote to him, he will 
come. 

av ayns ypawer THV emotoAnv, pépe THY edo, tf you 
have written the letter, bring it here. 

e€prAOes Srav cixes ypawer tHv ématodrAnv; aid you go 
out when you had written the letter? . } 

Srav 04 eyns ypawe, Oa eeOwpev, when you have 
written, we shall go out, 


50 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


188. To neuter nouns of the second declension belong 
also all those ending in . of the vulgar idiom, of which we 
spoke in § 43, like Wwpi, xpaoi, efc. These nouns were 
originally diminutives ending in cov, just as BuBAlov, book, is 
the diminutive of BiBAos. The diminutive signification was 
lost in most of these nouns, and they were considered merely 
as another preferable form of the original nouns. In the 
vulgar idiom the termination ov is dropped, and they are 
declined as follows : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
189. Nom. 70 kpaci, wine. Ta Kpacia. 
Gen. Tov Kpacuod. TOV KpacLov. 
Acc. 0 Kpagt. Ta Kpacud. 


190. Like xpaoi are declined :— 


ayopt, little boy. memov., melon. 
dpagi, carriage. anpovu, fork. 
KaAdapap., izkstand. mornpr, glass. 
Koppari, Piece. movXi, bird, chicken. 
Kopitot, gird. orapiAal, grape. 
madi, boy. Tupi, cheese. 
mavnyvp., fair, fete. prirr, wick. 
marovtat, shoe. Wapt, fish. 


(For further examples see Vocab. IX.) 


IQI. Ga rornpe vepo, a glass of water. 
Siw wornpia Kpaci, two glasses of wine. 
pia héra Wout cai drAX‘yov tupt, @ slice of bread and some 
(a little) cheese. 
€va Koupar. Wout kal dA‘ya orapvAua, a Piece of bread 
and some (a few) grapes. 
(See p, 28, note, for the nominative used instead of the genitive.) 


_IN MODERN GREER. |. 51 


EXERCISES. 


192. Asati dév éxabapice TO Kopitot Td Kadapape ; 
Aev 70 éxabdpice didte dév elye xatpov (time). — Kixere 
payer TO Tupi drav érdBete TO Kpacl; “Oy, el'youev 
AaBe TO Kpaci drav épayouev tO tTupi.— Ti éxdpere 
yO&; XOes nucOa cis TO ravnytpr. — Tl napvete exe; 
Térotre. — Ti kapvete; Kipat cada (adv., well).— Biyes 
payer TA otapvrda Grav nydpaces TO TeTdM; "Oxt, dev 
Ta eiyov paye, 0a Ta hHdyw avprov.—Ti elyete vopioes 
drav eldete TO aydpt pou; Kiyov voice Ort Aro Kopitot. 


— Las eiyov apéoa ta ctaptdia; Manrorta. 


193. Did you clean the lamp, and did you put a wick 
(in it)? I have cleaned the lamp, but I did not put a 
wick (in it), because I had not (any). — Had you eaten 
the melon when I got the wine? I was eating it when 
you got the wine.— What were the boys doing when 
the professor saw them? They were eating his nephew’s 
cheese. — Had the boy put the books in the carriage 
when he saw the teacher? The boy had seen the 
teacher when he put the books in the box. — What did 
the boys eat to-day? They ate a slice of melon and 
some cheese. — Where is my inkstand? It is in your 
office, 


52 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XII. 
VERBS (continued). 
INDICATIVE (continued). 


194. eArilw, TL hope. 
ei\Amilov, 1 was hoping. pA Trebor 
64 éAricw, J shall hope. 
eiAmioa, L hoped. . aA Tern 
éxw éAmioa, J have hoped. 
eiyov éArioa, [had hoped. 
6a éxw éArioe, J shall have hoped. 


195. éAmilw ore 04 Tov dw, J hope that I shall see him. 


éArilw va tov tow, L hope to see him. 


196. RemaRK. — Verbs beginning with a, ¢, 0, av, at, ot augment 
the past tenses as follows: a and e are changed to 7, 0 to w, av to nu, 
a and o to yand w. The other vowels and diphthongs are not 
changed, except that « and v, if short, become long. —"Exw, &miga anda 
few others are an exception to this rule, and change e into e instead of 7. 


197. é€roudlw, J prepare, nroipalov, 0a Eroinaow, Hroipaca, 
exw Eroupace, elyov éroupacer, Oa exw Eroimacer. 
: e 9 
eipioxw, J find, edpiorxov, 04 evpw, edpov, exw evpet, 
> wi ‘ ° 
elyov evpet, 04 éxw evpet. 
nrivw, ZL drink, émwov, 0a wiw, erov, exw mia, exov 
mie, 0a éxw wie. 
c id 
bpordlw, ZL resemble, wpoiaov, 04 Spodow, wpoiaca, 


éxw dpordorer, elyov bpordoe, 04 éxw Spordoer. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 53 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


198. When the terminations of any noun of the secend 
declension are preceded by either an « or an 9, the e or o 
contracts with the vowel of the termination, and forms a 
diphthong or a long vowel, which always takes the circum- 
flex if the accent falls upon it. They are declined as 
follows : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
199. Nom. 6 vovs,! mind. ol vot. 
Gen. Tov vov. TOV VOvV. 
Dat. T® vo. Tots vols. 
Acc. Tov vovv. Tovs vous. 
Voc. vod.» (like Nom.) 


200. Nore. — The plural is sometimes declined according to the 
third declension ; i.¢. of vées, TOv vowy, etc.” 


201. Like vots are declined : — 
tAovs, journey (by water). KatamAovus, arrival. 
dudtrAovs, Passage (by water). povs, current. 
aromAovs, departure (by water). 


202. Neuter contracted nouns are declined as follows: — 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. 


Nom. 16 édcrovv,” done. Ta doTG.. 


Gen. Tov doTov. TOV OOTOV. 
Dat. tT doTo. Tois OOTOTs. 
Acc. TO 6cToUYr. TH OOTG. 

Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


Ta d0Ta Tov mpoyovey pas, the bones of our forefathers. 


203. NoTr. — Several adjectives of the second declension are 
declined according to the above examples, as we shall see further on. 


1 Contracted from véos. 2 From deréov. 


54 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


204. wore; when? drrov, Tov, which (rel. pron.), where. 
it tore, then. povov, only. 
“ ——-woré, never. apo (with genitive), defore: 

mov; where? éxel, there. Sta, for. 


205. more poi éypaes; when did you write to me? 
mpo dvw wpav, two hours ago. 
Tov €ivat TA TOLydpa pov; where are my cigars ? 
€xel Grou Ta EBares, there where you put them. 


exw Sixaov, am right. exw adixov, J am wrong. 


206. Nore. — In the last two phrases the verb xw is conjugated 
through all the tenses, while the substantives Sixawy, dédixov, remain 
unchanged in the accusative. 


- 207. 6 didros cov Oa éxy Sixaov, your friend will be (in the) 


right. 


On 


ddeApds gov elxev adixov, your brother was in the 


wrong. 
EXERCISES. 


208. “Edayov of vadrat TO Yropl Kal ériov TO Kpaci 
d7rov elyov AdBer dua Tov TAODV; MadXorta, eiyov payer 
oe \ 5 Yj X \ \ a , a 
TO Wopl Kal elyov rie TO Kpacl mpo Tod KaTamXov TOU 


mroiov. —Ilod edpe Ta doTad TOD adeApoOdD TOD Oo THoi- 


08 8 
apyos; Ta edpev eis Thy vRcov.— Tas opordter 6 avewpids 
cas; “Ox, opordfer tov adeAgpov pov. —‘Hroiuacar oi 
vadtat TO TWAotov dia TOV amdrAOVY; Oa TO éTOLMAacOUY 
avpiov.— Tl érrifere; "EdXrifw ort 0 rods Oa civat 
Kanrdos, kal Ott Oa tdw Tov adeAXdov pov peOavprov. — 


"Exete Sixatov 7 adicov va édarifnte; “Exo Sixaovr, 


IN MODERN GREEK. 55 


didTt 0 Katpos eivar Kadds.— Ilod éAmiere va tov idnte; 
"Exe? drrov eivar.—' Edaryes dXov 76 trerdu; “Ox, eparyov 


povov piav hérav. 


209. Have the sailors prepared the ships for depart- 
ure? No, they will prepare them to-morrow and the 
day after.— Are they right? No, they are wrong. — 
Have the passengers drunk the wine which they had 
got for the passage? Yes, they had drunk it before 
their arrival.— When do you hope to see your brother ? 
I had hoped to see him yesterday, but I think that I 
shall see him to-morrow. — Does he resemble you (aGs 
preceding the verb)? He resembled me when (érav) 
we were little boys, but now he does not resemble me. 


56 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XIII. 
VERBS (continued). 


e K tA 
TroratiKsn. — SUBJUNCTIVE. 


210. iva (vig. va), that. 
mpiv 7 (vig. rpiv), before. 
dpa ws (vig. dua), as soon as. 
ows, in order that. 


pn, lest. 


211. The above particles take either the subjunctive 
(see § 186) or the future indicative (composed of 6a and 
the present or aorist subjunctive, §§ 113, 117). Compare 
the use of dv, éav, drav (§ 186). 


212. The subjunctive mood has three tenses: present, 
aorist, and perfect. They are conjugated as follows :— 


Present. Aorist. Perfect. 
ypapw. ypaww. éxw ypawer. 
ypadns. ypawys. exns ypawe. 
ypady. ypayy. ex ypayet. 
ypapwper. ypapwpev. Exwpev ypawe, 


ypadyre (vlg.-ere).  ypaynyre (-ere). Exe (-ere) ypayet. 
ypapwor (vig. -ovv).  ypdiywor (-ovv). éxwor (-ovv) ypaye. 


213. The subjunctive present of cua, 7 am, is written 
generally yya, yoo, va, nebo, yobe, yvac; but a great 
many scholars do not approve of this, and prefer to write 
elwat, eloa, etc., as in the indicative, when they do not use 
the classical subjunctive 0, 7s, 7, Oper, Hre, dar. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 57 


“TrroGetiKy. — ConpDITIONAL. 


214. The conditional mood has two tenses: imperfect 
and pluperfect. These are formed with 6a and the imperfect 
and pluperfect indicative; e.g. 


Imperfect. Pluperfect. 

6a éypadov, [should a elyov ypawa, L should have 
write. written. 

6a éypades. 6a cixes ypawer. 

0a. éypade. 6a etye ypawe. 

0a. éypadoper. 6a ciyouev ypawe. 

0a éypadere. 6a cixere ypawet. 

6a éypadov. 6a elyov ypaweu. 


215. The conditional imperfect can also be formed with 
the imperfect of the verb Oéd\w, / wish, and the modern 
representative of the classical present infinitive ; eg. 


nOerov ypae. nO<rAopev ypade.. 
nOeres ypadet. nOcrere ypade. 
nOere ypade. nOerov ypapet. 


216. dpa ws eéynre paye, as soon as you have eaten. 

mpiv » ypawnre. before you write. 

éav AaBy tHv éemioroAnv, Oa €XOn, of he receives the 
letter, he will come. 

éav Hro €00, O04 elye Karas, if he were here, it would 
be well, 

€av elye mpage. tovto, nOcrev exer (Oa elye) Kadds, 
if he had done this, it would have been well. 

0a npxeto, éav eddpBave tiv emoroAnv, he would come, 
if he received the letter. 


58 4A PRACTICAL METHOD 


6a cixev 20, ay elye AaBa tHv éemioroAnv, he would 

have come, tf he had received the letter. 
¥ Odw va exnte haya srav 04 On, J wish you to have 

eaten when he comes. 

“Oerev Exar Sixaov, av eypade tadra, he would be in 
the right, uf he wrote these things. 

6a oas éypadov, éav eixov Kaipov, [ should write to you, 
if I had time. 

dv évouilov ote éxete Sixarov, 04 oas ro eAeyov, if J 


thought that you were right, I should tell it to you. 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


217. Masculine and neuter adjectives of the second 
declension also end in os and oy, like the corresponding 
substantives, and are declined like them. 


218. The feminine of these adjectives is declined some- 
times after the first declension and sometimes after the 
second. Those that follow the first end in a if the termina- 
tion is preceded by a vowel or the consonant p, and in y if 
by any other consonant. 


219. The following are examples of adjectives whose 
feminine ends in a: — 


dpiorepos, eft. puxpds, small, 
dpxaios, ancient, old. —awpds, foolish. 
BéBasos, certain. Enpos, ary. 

yevvaios, brave. madatos, old. 

defvos, right. mAovaos, rich. 
Spocepos, fresh. mTwxos, Poor. 
€XevOepos, Sree. orovdaios, important. 
xaapos, clean. poBepos, terrible. 


Kpvos, cold. Wuxpos, cold. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 59 


220. “Aorpos, white, padtpos, black, xovdpos, thick, and a 
few others belonging to the vulgar idiom, do not follow the 
above rule, and have the feminine in 7. 

221. ods dpéoxe TO aompo (see p. 25, note 1) kpaoi; do you 

like white wine ? 
pot dperxea TO patpo, L like black. 
9 apxaia pas piria, our old friendship. 
6 KUpLos OUTOS Elva TAOVCLOS, this gentleman is rich. 
6 maXaids oivos elvar Kados, Old wine is good. 
aiti 4 mérpa dev elvor dompy, evar pavpn, this stone is 
not white; it is black. 


EXERCISES. 


222. “Edmifovor Ta pwwpa Kopdoia btt OA rAaBwow 
wpaia Sapa; "Oy, édrmifovor pdvoy va AdBwor Enpov 
\ \ 7 / 5 / > \ > n 
opi kat xpvov vepov.— Hives ypawe eis Tov apyaiov 
¢ 2” / * > Ul \ \ / \ \ lj 
UTNpeTHV Va eTOLMaon TO pLKpoV SwpudTLov Ral va Bary 
Ta Tadraia BiBrla eis TO KLBOTIOV; “Ox, Oa TO ypavro 
avripeOavpiov. —"Apma (Ws) paynte avTo Td Enpov oui, 
Oa winte patpov xpaci.— Av 7 aderdyn cov vowifn btu 
n Odracoa Sév civas dpaia, éyer ddixov.—’ Eav 6 aderdpos 
cou evoutley Ott avTr n TéTpa Eival AomTpN, Elyev AdLKOD. 
—@ére 7 Kupia (the lady) V ayopdon aotpo(v) oui; 
"Ox, Oére v’ ayopdon padpo(v).— Hires eis tov brnpérnv 
va érorpdon TO apiotepov Swudriov pv ddyn; T@ elrov 


va kaSapion 76 deEvov Swpdtiov dua payy. 


223. Do you wish to see if the room is clean? No, 
I saw that it was clean.— Do the boys hope to get rich 


60 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


gifts? No, they are not foolish; they only hope to get 
black and dry bread and cold water.— Had you written 
to him (t@ or tov at the beginning of the phrase) to 
clean the old house and to prepare the small room ? 
I had not written to him then (tere), but I wrote to 
him two days before yesterday. — Do you find the sea 
beautiful? No, the sea is terrible to-day; I do not 
like it. — As soon as you have eaten you shall write to 
the teacher. — Before you put the oil in the lamp, you 
shall clean it. —If your brother thinks that the boy 
has written this (avro 70) beautiful book, he is wrong. 
—If he thought it (imperfect, was thinking it), he 
would have told me (@a woi ro €Xeye). —We shall see 
if you are right. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 61 


LESSON XIV. 
VERBS (continued). 
™-MUTE VERBS. 


224. 8 dxovoys tiv cvpBovdryv pov; will you hear (listen 
to) my advice? 
64 iroypayys tiv émotoAnv cov; will you sign your 
letter ? 


mote 04 émurtpeyys ; when will you return ? 


225. The first aorist is formed, as we said in § 165, by 
adding the termination oa to the verb-stem and prefixing 
the augment. This presents no difficulty when the last 
letter (or characteristic) of the verb-stem is a vowel, as in 
the case of dxotw, 7 hear; yxovoa, J heard. 


226. But when the last letter of the stem is a consonant, 
it either unites with the o to form a double consonant 
(€ or y), or else it is rejected. 


227. We will take in this lesson the three labial con- 
sonants z, B, ¢ (called also z-mutes), which in conjunction 
with o make the double consonant vy. 


228. The following are the most commonly used verbs 
of this kind : — 


dXeibw, smear, nAcua, 0° areipw. 
Bado, dye, €Barpa, 6a Bayo. 
ypadw, write, éypawa, 6a ypayw. 


émotpepw, return,  eéréotpepa, 0a émorpepu. 


émitpérw, allow, érér pea, 0a émirpeyu, 


62 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


Adprw, shine, éAapipa, 0a Aap. 
Aeizrw, be missing, éXeuifa, 0a Acipw. 
wéprw, Send, éreuwa, 0a répipo. 
otpedu, turn, éor pea, 0a orpapw. 
tTpépw, nourish, feed, éOpepa,' 0a Opeyw. 
tpiBw, rub, érpua, 6a rpivw. 
broypade, Sign, brréyparpa, 0a iroypayw. 


229. The impersonal verb zpére, ¢¢ must be, it is necessary, 
has no aorist, but only the forms zpéra, present, ézpere, 
imperfect, and 04 zpérn, future. 

230. REMARK.— Verbs compounded with prepositions take the 
augment de¢ween the preposition and the verb, the prepositions dropping 
their final vowel before the augment e; ¢.g. émirpérw (émi-rpérw), imp. 
érérperov; vroypaddw (b1o-ypddw), bréypapov. The prepositions zrepf 
and mpé are not elided before the augment'e; ¢.¢. mpoBdérw (mpo-Bdérw), 
mpoéBeroy (irregular aorist mpoetdov). 

231. In the vulgar idiom the augment precedes the 
preposition if this begins with a consonant; ¢g. cvpBovrcvw, 
advise, éovpBovtrAevoa.; Siuatacow, command, édiataka; repi- 
ypadw, describe, érepiypaya; mpoBd€rw, foresee, érpoBraha ; 
mpocexw, Pay attention, érpooeéa; KxatadapBave,. understand, 
éxataAaBa. If the preposition begins with a vowel, the past 
tenses do not augment at all; eg. éritpérw, allow, érirpaia ; 
— dvaxatove, mix, dvaxdtwoa; éxr€éyw, Choose, éxrea; évtpéropat, 
am ashamed, évrparny (évtparnka). 

232. éréotpewey 6 adeAghods cov; has your brother returned ? 
6a émiatpeyn avpiov, he will return to-morrow. 
éxepipas Thy emucroAnv pov; did you send my letter? 
Sev rhv ereupa Siore Sev rHv elyare broypawe, J did not 

send it because you had not signed it. 


1 The stem is supposed to have been originally @pep-, and 6 reappears 
when ¢ at the end of the stem is lost in the aorist. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 63 


233. If the termination w of the present is preceded 
by the two consonants mr, the second of these is rejected, 
and the first unites as above with the o of the aorist to form 
the double consonant y. Such verbs are: — 


234. dvaxadvrrw, discover, davexadupa, 8° dvaxadiypu. 


avant, light, kindle, yvaia,' 0 avaifo. 
Oarrw, bury, € Gaia, 64 Bay. 
krXertw, steal, éxAea, 04 Krew. 
KoTTW, Cut, | éxowa, 6a Kou. 
Kpvrrw, hide, expvwa,, 6a kpiyw. 
virtw, wash, bathe,  eupa, 0a vif. 
parrw, sow, épparpa, 0a paw. 
pirrw, throw, éppupa, 0a pipw. 
oxantw, dig, éoxawa, 0a oKxapu. 


235. winrw, fall, has an irregular aorist éeca, fut. 0a réow. 


236. dvae Tov Avyvov (vig. rHv Adurav), light the lamp. 
Ti dvexadvypas (vig. dvaxddvwpes) ; what did you discover ? 
éoxaya da va (in the literary language simply ta), or 
Grws Kptyw aiTa Ta vopiopata, J dug in order to 
hide these coins. 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


237. Adjectives of the second declension whose femi- 
nines follow the first declension and end in », because their 
termination is preceded by a consonant (other than p), are 
the following : — 


1 The augment precedes the preposition by exception. Imperfect, 
NVOTTOY, 


64 


238. 


239. 


240. 


241. 


242. 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


dya0os, good-natured. kwos, deaf. 

dvouxtTos, Open. pebvopévos (vlg.), tipsy. 
duvards, strong, possible. vores, Sresh (not stale). 
feoros (vlg.), Aor. évos, foreign. 

Oeppos, warm. dALyos, little. 

idtkds, Special, own. dAos, all. 

Kakos, bad. 6p00s, upright. 

kados, good. miBavos, probable. 
xavpévos (vlg.), burnt, poor. mpdowvos, green. 

KAT os, Shut. TTWXOS, Poor. 

KOKKLVOS, 7ed. xwAos, lame. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XVII.) 


eivat Suvards avOpwros, he 7s a strong man. 
elvat Suvarov, it is possible. 
dev eivar Suvarov, tt 2s not possible. 


6 idiKos pov, mine. 6 idiKos pas, Ours. 
6 idtkds cov, thine. 6 idikds Gas, yours. 
6 idiKos tov (rns), Ais (hers). 6 idtxos twv, theirs. 


TO Yop pov 7 TO idixov cas; my bread or yours ? 

OUTE TO Wupi pov, OVTE TO idiKoV Tov, neither my bread 
nor his. 

ovTe TO idikov pov, ovTE TO idiKov Tov, neither mine 


nor Als. 


6 katpévos 6 adeAos pov, my poor brother. 

9 xaipévyn } ddeAdy pov, my poor sister. 

6 katpévos, Poor ( fellow) / 

9 Kavpeévn, poor (girl or woman) / 

TO Katpévo oriti, 9 Kadpeévn oixia, the burnt house. 


1 From xexavyuévos, perfect participle of the verb xalw, burn. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 65 


EXERCISES. 

243. LXds émwérpeev o KyTroUpOS va Ko~nTe pHAG eis 
Tov Knmov tov; Madota, was éérpewe. — Ipére va 
v ? \ U \ \ , / 
elirnTe els TA KOpdota va pwn (not to) TpwywoL Tpdo.va 
para. —Nopifete Ste o trrnpérns Oa Kon TO Yropl eis 

/ / v / \ a wv lal be 
puixpa Koppatia; “Oxi, mpérret va T@ ei tnte.— Ilod eivar 
o kupios; Aelrret. —"Enepes Ta Kéxxiwva adyd eis THY 
kupiav; “Oyt, eizrov eis Tov adedddv pov va TA Barry 
Kal va Ta Tréurpn.— Tl éyes TO Kopitot cas; To xav- 
pévov! eivat orAlyov yorov. —"EOpewev 1» timnpétpia ta 
mouma; ‘O bmnpérns Ta Tpéper TMHpa.—" Eye 60 otpa- 

, \ 7 x \ > , ¥ \ > / 
TLOTHS TOV imroV Tov H TOV idiKeY pov; OUTeE TOV LdiKdV 

” yy R > / »” \ ~ eats 
aas éyel, ovTE TOV iduKdv Tov, eye TOY immo TOD akiwpa- 


n »” \ an > fal 1 
TLKOD (EXEL TOV TOD AELWMATLKOD). 


244. Has the good-natured gardener allowed the 
good boys to dig (habitually) in his beautiful garden ? 
He allowed them (rovs at the beginning of the phrase) 
to dig only when the day was not warm.— Had you 
written to your brother to color fresh eggs red and to 
send them to the foreign gentleman (xvpiov)? No, my 
brother was absent (€Ae7re), and had hidden the eggs. 
— Have you lighted the lamp? Yes; do you not see 
that it shines ?—Is the door of the garden open? No, 
it is shut. — My poor sister is a little (oAéyov) deaf. — 
You must not cut the green apples ; they are not good. 
— You must cut the bread in small pieces. — Did the 
boy eat my grapes or yours? He did not eat either 
mine or yours; he ate his own. — Where is the cook? 


He is drunk, 1 See $ 34. 


66 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XV. 


VERBS (continued). 


K-MUTE VERBS. 


245. Verbs whose stem ends in a palatal consonant 
K, y, x (called also x-mutes) unite this with the o of the 
aorist, and form the double consonant €. 


246. Such verbs are : — 


dvoiyw, open, nvoiga, 0 avotéw. 
Bpéxo, wet, éBpega, 0a Bpeto. 
mviyw, drown, éxviga, 0a wvigw. 
mpocexw, take care, érpdceéa (vig.),+ 0a rpordgu. 
TpEXW, FUN, érpega,” 0a tpesw. 
irdpxw, exist, be,  tanjpéa, 0a. trapgw. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XXIII.) 


247. ti tpexer; what is the matter ? 
mpooege, avoite tHV Ovpav, take care! open the door! 
imdpxea Eevodoxeiov eis TO ywpiov TovTo; is there a hotel 
in this village? 

248. The verb Bpéxw is also used impersonally in the 
sense rain: Bpéxe, it rains; EBpexe, it was raining; 0a Bpén, 
it will rain; €Bpege, it rained; éxer Boca, it has rained; ete. 

249. Several verbs in rr, oo, ox, and € also have the 
aorist in ga. That these consonants have replaced original 


palatal terminations can be seen in other words related to 
these verbs. Such are: — 


1 Second aorist, rporérxov. 2 Second aorist, 5payoy. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 67 


250. dAAdoow,! change, nAAaka, 0” ddAdEw. 
duaradoow, Command, dueraéa, 64 dvardéw. 
duddoKw, teach, €d(daga, 6a dddEw. 
Kynpvttw, proclaim, exnpvéa, 0a. knpvéw. 
kutragw (vig.), look, — exdr raga, 0a kutragw. 
maiLw, play, éxratéa,, 6a mraigw. 


mepalw, tease, disturb, émeipaga, 6a wreipagw. 
duwvalo, scream, call, épdvaga, 6a puvasw. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X XIII.) 


251. Kurragé rov, mailer pe ra radia! look at him, he ts 
playing with the children !/ 
dev weipale, it doesn’t matter. 
puovase piav duagav! call for a carriage! 
ti duardooere; what do you command (what are your 


orders)? 


252. As exceptions to the above rule may be considered 
the following verbs, most of which have second aorists 
formed from a simpler or a different stem with the termina- 
tion ov. 


253. dvaywwoKke, read, dvéeyvora,” 0 avayvecw. 
drobvyncKw, de, améBavov, 0° aroddve. 
aropevyw, avoid, ameépvyov, 0° arodityw. 
dpeckw, please, npEeca, 0° apéow. 
A€yw, say, elrov, 0a. ei. - 
Taoxw, suffer, éxabov, 6a 7a0w. 
Tpwyw, eat, epayor, 0a payw. 
pevyw, 20 away, epvyor, 04 piye. 


1 Vig. draw. 2 Second aorist, dvéyvwy, 


¢ 


68 | A PRACTICAL METHOD 


254. ti érabere; what has happened to you? 


diye aw é0/ go away (from here) ! 


dvéyvwoa eis Tas Epyuepioas, [ read in the newspapers. 


aréBavev 6 Bacireds, the king is dead. 


mavtes 0° arrobavwpev, we shall all die. 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


255- In the last lesson we gave examples of those 
adjectives of the second declension whose feminine follows 
the first declension. ‘The feminine of the following adjec- 
tives is exactly like the masculine, the two genders having 
the termination os in common; the termination of the 


neuter is ov. 


256. dyapos, unmarried. 
adidberos, indisposed. 
axdOapros, unclean. 
adyvwotos, unknown. 
dypdpparos, zliterate. 
ddidpOwros, incorrigible. 


dperos, tmmediate. 


dvonros, stupid, senseless. 


dXroyos, unreasonable. 


mapaAoyos, unreasonable. 


driBavos, improbable. 


dmrpocektos, careless. 

éyyapos, married. 

ero.pos, ready. 

novxos, guiet. 

ppovipos, Prudent, well- 
bchaved. 

evpoppos, good-looking, 
shapely. 

aoxnpos, ugly, unshapely. 

EVKOAOS, CaS). 

Svoxoros, difficult. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X VIII.) 


257. In the vulgar idiom the feminines of all these 
adjectives are declined according to the first declension in y, 
the accent remaining on the same syllable as in the mascu- 
line, although the ultimate is long; 2g. vpopdy, doxnpy, for 


eVpmophos, doxnpos. 


258. 


259. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 69 


6 adyapos veavias, the unmarried young man. 

q a&yapos kupia, the unmarried lady. 

TO ayapov Kopdac.ov, the unmarried girl. 

W dmypeTpia pas lvoe aypapparos, our maid-servant is 
literate. 

eloat TOAD akdbaptos,' you are very dirty. 

dAoyos* av9pwros, an unreasonable man. 

To dAoyov,® the horse. 

i GdeXby pov evar Ppdvisos, my sister is well-behaved. 


The demonstrative pronoun ovrtos, ¢his, is declined 


in the three genders as follows : — 


Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 
Acc. 
Voc. 


260. 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 

MASC, FEM. NEUT. MASC. FEM. NEUT. 
e 4 al e e al 
OUTOS, avTy, TOTO. OUTOL, aUvTal, TavTa. 

4 , 4 4, 4 ve 
TOUTOV, TAVTHS, TOUTOV. TOUTwY, TOUTWY, TOUTWYV. 
4 , , , 4, 4 
TOUTW TA’TH, TOUTY. TOUTOLS, Ta’TaLs, TOUTOLS. 
TOUTOV, TA’THV, TOUTO. TOUTOUS, TAaUTAS, TAUTA. 
= A al e e A 
OUTE, QaUTy,  TOUTO. OUTOL, avTal, TavTa. 


6 dvOpwros ovTos OF odTOs 6 avOpwros, this man. 


q Kupia avty OF adty H Kupia, this lady. 

TO TaLdiov TOUTO OF TOvTO TO maLdiov, this boy. 
6 Kakos oUTOs aVOpwros, this bad man. 

6 avOpwros ovTos civar Kaxds, this man ts bad. 


py,* not, don’t. 


1 Both masculine and feminine. 

2 Oftener wapddoyos. 

3 Instead of trmos, in the vulgar idiom a horse is called 7d &doyor, 
the unreasonable. 

4 Before a vowel, uyv; it takes the subjunctive. 


70 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


261. IIpoceye, wiv eicar avdnros !— ®@a mpocéew. — 
@a BpéEn onpepov.—‘O diddcKxaros pas édidake V 
avaylwockopev Kal va pv eiueOa ampdocextor. — Kiva 
ayvwotov mote 8 avol—&n ro véov Odatpov.—Tés cé 
duerake v’ avotEns thv Ovpav; Try nvoiEa iva idm édav 
Bpéxn. —‘H trnpétpia adtn eivat todd axdbaptos Kal 
ampdcextos. —‘Hroluaces ta ddroya (Tods ‘azous); 
Manota, eivar éroima.—‘Trdpye Swpdriov érevGepov 
eis TO Eevodoyetov tovTo; Ti émabev 7 aderdy cov; 
Térorte, civat povov orlyov adiaberos. — Eiade éyyapos 
n ayauos; Kiwar dyauos. — M7 pé wepdfns, 0érw va 
elm KaTL els TOV ayalov TodToY avOpwrov.— Aév Oa 
oé Treipato. 

262. When will this new hotel open (be opened)? 
I read yesterday that it was improbable (neuter) 
(that) it would (vd) open the day after to-morrow. — 
Where were the silly girls running (to) yesterday ? 
They were running to (7pds, acc.) the garden in order 
to (6a va) play.— Don’t be stupid !— This maid-servant 
is not stupid; she is only careless. — Are these boys 
and girls well-behaved? These boys are incorrigible, 
but the girls are quiet. —TIs this lady married? No, 
she is unmarried.— Who (ris) ordered you to open the 
door? This gentleman.— Are the horses ready? No, 
they are not ready yet (axéun).— Don’t tease me! 
I must read this book.— What have you suffered 
(what is the matter with you)? Nothing.— Take care, 
it will rain this evening (ade). 


IN MODERN GREEK. 71 


LESSON XVI. 
VERBS (continued). 


T-MUTE VERBS. 


263. Verbs whose stem ends in a dental consonant 1, 8, 6 
(called also r-mutes) reject this before the o of the aorist. 


264. Such verbs are :— 


Gérw, place, éOeca, 6a Béow. 
meiOw, persuade, érreioa,, 0a reiow. 
mpocberw, add, mpoaeeca, 6a. rpocbéow. 
orevow, hurry, | éorrevoa, 6a orevow. 
tbrobérw, suppose, wméleca, 64. irobéow. 


265. Verbs ending in fw reject the ¢ before o in the 
aorist, except in some few instances mentioned in the last 


_ lesson (§§ 249, 250); e.g. * 


266. dyopdlw, buy, nyopaca, 0° dyopacw. 
dderdlw (vlg.), empty, have time, dSevaca, 0 dedow.? 
ameATilw, drive to despair, dreiAmioa, 6° aredriow. 
aropacilw, decide, drepdacisa, 8° dropaciow. 
agilw, be worth, neon, 0° agiow. 
apxilw, begin, NPXLTO., 0 apxiow. 
Badilo, walk, ¢Baduca, 6a Badiow. 
Barrilw, baptize, éBartica, 64 Barriow. 
Beale, boil, éBpaca, 0a Bpacw. 
yeuilw (vig.), fli, eyeuioa, 0a. yepiow. 


1 See § 267, note I. 


72 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


yvopilo, know, 

daveiLw, lend, 

doxipalw, try, 

eArrilw, hope, 

eprrodilw (vig.), prevent, 
larilo, bewilder, bother, 
luyilw, weigh, 
Lwypapile, paint, 
yovxdlo, rest, 

Oavpdlw, admire, 
kamvilw, smoke, 
katapiBalw, take down, 
Kepoilw, gain, ; 
“Kootile (vlg.), cost, 
ktilw, build, 


poipalw, share, distribute, 


vopilw, think, 

fexxilw (vig.), tear, 
trayialw, day, lie down, 
bBpilw, insult, 


xapilw, give, make a gift, 


xpwopatilo, color, 


wpinalw, ripen, 


éyvwpica, 

> / 
edaveca, 

> 4 
edoxipaca, 
eiArioa, 

> / 
Hpmooura, 
elad.oa, 

> 4 
eCvyioa, 
eCwypaduaa, 
Hovxaca, 

> , 
eJavpaca, 

> é 
€xaTrVLC", 
kateBi Baca, 
> , 
exépoica, 

> , 

€xOo TLC, 

mW 

EKTLOG, 

> , 
€“olpaca, 

> , 
evopioa, 

> / 
eLéeoxuoa, 

> / 
erAayiaca, 
wd 

vBpica, 

> / 
éxdpica., 
expwparioa, 


c 
wopipaca., 


6a 
6a. 


yvopiow. 


daveiow. 


Oa doxipacw. 


6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a. 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 
6a 


eArriow. 
> 4 
€urrodiow. 
laXriow. 
lvyicw. 
Cwypadiow. 
YOVvXAow. 
Oavpacw. 
KaTrviow. 
katafsuBacw.' 
/ 
KEpolow. 
KooTiow, 
4 

KTIOW. 
poiparw. 
vopiow. 
fecxiow. 

pa 
TAQyiaow. 
bBpicw. 
xXapiow. 
Xpwopariow. 


c , 
WPlULagw. 


267. Nore 1.— ’Adedtw belongs entirely to the vulgar idiom, and 


is always conjugated without augment in the past tenses. 


This is 


always the case in the vulgar idiom when the augment would require a 
change of the initial vowel of the stem. The second and third syllables 
of déea{w must be considered as one (ea pronounced ya); the same is 


the case with mAayid fw. 


1 See § 269, note 2. 


2 See § 267, note I. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 73 


268. dev ddaalw, J haven't time. 
dev ddecaca, J hadn't time. 
drav aderaons, when you have time. 
Otay ddevaoys TO Kavati, when you empty the jug. 
269. Norte 2.— In the vulgar idiom, xaraiBdf{w and éxaralBaca are 


used for xarafiBdgw and xareBiBaca, take down; dvaiBdtw and dvalBaca 
for dvaBiBdgw and dveBiBaca, bring up. 


270. REMARK.— It is useful to remember that all verbs ending in 
gw, preceded by the sound «, are written with 1, except davel{w, lend, and 
aOpolfw (cuvabpolfw), collect. 

271. py pe Cadrilys, dév Oa col daveiow timore, don’t bother 

me; I will lend you nothing. 

eLuypadurey wpaiav cixova, mavres tiv Oavpdlovor, 
he painted a beautiful picture; all admire it. 

éBpace 70 vepo; has the water boiled (is it boiling)? 

xamvilere; do you smoke ? 

6 kamvos dev agile: timore, the tobacco is worth nothing 
(worthless). 


SECOND DECLENSION (continued). 


272. Like the contracted nouns of the second declension 
($$ 199, 202), are also declined several adjectives, such as 


dmovs, simple. avdnpots, of tron. 
 SurAods, double. xarKovs, of copper. 
tpitAovs, triple. xpvoods, of gold. 
TetparrAovs, guadruple, etc. xpuipivous, crafty. 
dpyvpovs, of silver. mroppupots, purple. 


273. The feminines of these adjectives follow the first 
declension, except xpvyivouvs, which is common to masculine 
and feminine, and are declined as follows : — 


74 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
274. Nom. 7 adj. at a7mAat. 

Gen. js dais. Tov daha. 
Dat. Ty amdAy. Tats a7Aais. 
Acc. Tv amAnv. Tas a7AGs. 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 

SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 7 apyupa. ai dpyupat. 
Gen. THs dpyupas. TOV apyupOv. 
Dat. Ty apyupa. Tais apyupats. 
Acc. Tv apyupar. Tas apyupas. 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


275. REMARK. — Note the circumflex in all the cases. 


276. There are also a few nouns in common use which 
are still declined according to the ancient Attic second 


declension ; «4g. 


SINGULAR. PLuRAL. 


Nom. 1% dmoxpews, carnival. ai dmoxpew. 
lel > , a > ‘ 

Gen. THs a7roKpew. TOV aTroKpEwv. 
D “” 3» , nw > , 

at. TY aToKpEew. TQLS GTOKPEWS. 
‘ > 4 \ > ‘ 

Acc.  THV amroKpewv. TAS ATOKPEWS. 


> , > , 
Voc. amoKkpew. aTOKPEw. 


277. In the same way are declined : — 
5, 9 bmoxpews, obliged. 
6, 9 KaTaxpews, covered with debt. 
TO avioyewv, garret. * 
TO karwyewv, ground floor. 
70. broyewr, cellar. 


« 


Also the adjectives 6, } dviyews, xardyews, broyeus. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 75 


To Aewdopeiov, omnibus, is compounded of the Attic Aeds 
(for Aaos, People) and the verb ¢épo, carry. 


278. zoAdv, Alav, Very. tis; motos; (vlg.) who? 


modAa, much, many. wooov; how much? 


EXERCISES. 


279. Odres va pol (vig. wé or mod) Saveions Ta SiTTrAG 
YarAKa €pyareia cov; Aév eivac Kara, dev a&ifovor 
f i. f > ‘ / \ gs XN Lb 
timote. —"Orav adeidons, mpémet va yewions TO KavaTt 
kal va Bpdons TO Yrdpt.— Atrepaotoes trote Oa Barrions 
TO Traltot cov; Manriota, 0a to Barricw kata (about 

, 

Tas amdxpews. — Ilotos é&doyice Ta yaptia pov; ‘“H 
pixpa aderdyn cov.— H@érAnoa va dSoxipadow va novydow 
ortyov (a little), ANN Aro advvatov.— Las eipar diay 
trdxpews. —“H Bacidiooa eivat Todd aTrAH Kai ayaby. 
—M pé éeurodifys, érmifo va Kepdicw todda. — 
Tvwpifers mocov Kkoortifer 6 Kamrvds; Aév yvopifm, dev 
25 f , + XV / , »” > > & 
édoxiuaca totTé, ovTe va KaTVicw, OUTE V ayopacw 

/ / y \ > 4 7 \ Mv 4 
katrvev. — Tis éxtice THY oiklav TavTnv; Thy exticev oO 
adyyros KaOnynrns. —Arati we bBpivete, xipie; Aev oas 
UBpica, cas eirrov tiv arjnBaav.— M7 pé Sarifns, dev 


aderdlw THpa. 


280. Where did the workmen place the iron instru- 
ments? I do not know where they placed them, but 
I think that they took them down to the cellar. — 
When you have time, you must try to paint (color) the 


76 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


wall of the garden.—The doctor did not let me despair 
(drive me to despair), but he persuaded me to lie down 
_ and rest to-day.— You must weigh the fish, you must 
(not repeated in Greek) salt it, and you must boil it.— 
I have decided to baptize my child (vacé/) at the (cara, 
with acc.) carnival (plural).— As soon as the apples 
ripen, you must cut them and distribute them to (eis) 
the boys. — Boys (ra 7ravd/a) must not smoke. — How 
much did the queen’s carriage cost? I don’t know; 
she didn’t buy it, her husband gave it to her (77). 


LN MODERN GREEK. 77 


LESSON XVII. 
VERBS (continued). 
Liqguip VERBS. 


281. "Avereidev 4 oeAnvn; Ls the moon risen? 
"Oxi, dvaréAXea dpyd. Vo, it rises late. 


282. Verbs whose stems ends in A, yp, v, p (liquid con- 
sonants), do not, as a rule, take o in the aorist, and the 
vowel or diphthong preceding the liquid characteristic is 
generally lengthened as follows: a toa long; « to a; and 
a, t, v Short to a,s, v long. The exceptions to the rule 
that the aorist of liquid verbs is not formed with o will be 
examined in the next lesson. 


283. If the present terminates in dw, pvw, or pvw, the 
second of the liquids is dropped in the aorist. The follow- 
ing are examples of liquid verbs : — 


284. dvayyéAAw, announce,  dvipyyeda, 0° dvayyeiro. 


dvarédrw, rise (Ete sum), dyéreda, 0° dvareidu. 
dépw (vig. dépyvw), deat, eerpa, 04. Se/pw. 

néevpw (vig.), know, néevpa, 6a. nEevpw. 
kXivo, incline, éxALva. 6a kr‘vw. 

Kpivw, judge, exptva., 0a. kpivw. 

pevw, remain, éuewva, 64. peivo. 
Enpaivw, dry, efnpava, 6a Enpavw. 
traipvw, take, €r7pa, 0a. mdpw. See Note. 
taxvvu, fatten, get stout, éraxvva, 6a raxtvu. 
trAUWw, wash, éxAvva, 64 rrAUVw. 


Tnpaivw, ring, mean, éonpava, 84 onpdvo. 


78 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


oréAXdw, send, €oreAa, Oa creirw. 

ovpw, draw, éovpa, 64 cp. 

opddrd\w, make a mistake, eérpara, 04 charo. 

tTpenw, tremble, érpeua, Oa Tpeuw. See Note. 
bropepw, suffer, bréhepa, Oa drodépw. See Note. 


héepw (vig. pépyw), bring,  édepa, 6a pépw. See Note. 


285. NOTE. — talpvw, fake, is a corruption of the verb éralpw, lift 
up ; at changes here to » because of the augment of the verb afpw with 
which this is compounded. It is better to use the verb \auBavw, take 
hold of. —In the last three examples given above, e does not change 
to €. 


286. The following liquid verbs form second aorists :— 


appipdrrAw, doubt, dppéeBarov, 6° ardiBarw. 
Barrw, put, throw, €BaXov, 6a Baro. 
Kap.vo, 2d, EKO[LOV; 0a Kdpw. 


nmpooBardw, attack, offend, mpoogBarov, 0a rporBdrw. 


Also the other compounds of Badd, ¢.g. iroBdd\d\w, submit ; 
trepBarrw, depart; dvaBddrdrw, put off, etc. 


287. yxaipw, am glad, and ovyyaipw, congratulate, borrow 
their aorist and future from the passive voice: éxdpyy, 
cuvexdpnv, G4 xap@, 04 cvyxapo. 


288. yaipere/ rejoice / (usual form of salutation). 
pepe por (Or pe) &va worhpe vepo/ bring me a glass of 
water / 
aas avyxaipw! TL congratulate you / 
mepipeve 6ALyov / wait a little / 
dev Héedpe ti kdpve, he doesn’t know what he ts doing 
(what he is about). 


broépere ; are you suffering ? 


IN MODERN GREEK. 79 


Other Declensions. 


289. All the nouns and adjectives that have not been 
examined in the preceding lessons are classed in most 
Greek grammars in one declension,—the third. It is bet- 
ter to subdivide this into four declensions: the third, con- 
taining the perittosyllabic nouns; the fourth, the partially 
perittosyllabic with an uncontracted genitive singular; the 
fifth, the partially perittosyllabic with contracted genitive 
singular; and the sixth, containing those nouns of the 
vulgar idiom which are only perittosyllabic in the plural. 


THIRD DECLENSION. 


290. The third declension comprises nouns of all three 
genders ending in a, », &, p, o, w, with the genitive in -os- 


291. All the cases of these nouns, except the vocative 
singular, masculine and feminine, and the accusative and 
vocative singular neuter, have one syllable more than the 
nominative; for this reason these nouns are known as 
perittosyllabic. 


292. The nouns of this declension are declined according 
to the following example : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 6 cwryp, savior. ot owrnpes. 
Gen. Tov owtpos. TOV TwTypwv. 
Dat. Tt cwrnpe. TOUS TWTHPCt. 
Acc. Tov cwrnpa. TOUS TwTHpas. 


Voc. oarep (like Nom.) 


80 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


293. In the same way are declined :— 


6 adyxwv, elbow. 6 KAynT Hp, Policeman. 

6 deco combat. 6 Mapabwv, Marathon. 
6 aiwv, century, age. 6 xewv, winter. 
6"EXAny, Greek. H xelp, hand. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X.) 


294. The genitive, dative, and accusative of these nouns 
are formed simply by adding the proper terminations to the 
nominative. Except cwryp, all these nouns have the voca- 
tive in both numbers like the nominative. When the 
characteristic is v, it is rejected in the dative plural before 
the termination o (¢.g. dyx@ou, dyGou, “EXAno1). 


295. Tov édaBev ard THs xeupds, he took him by the hand. 
elva aiwy aywver, it is an age of combat (strife). 
296. In the following nouns the last syllable of the stem 


is long in the nominative and vocative singular, short in all 
the other cases : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 6 dornp, star. ot dorépes. 
Gen. Tov dorépos. Tov doTépwv. 
Dat. tT dorépt. Tois dorépot. 
‘ > , ‘ > / 
Acc. Tov aorTépa. TOUS GOTEpAS. 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


297. In the same way are declined : — 


6 anp, air. — 6 Ayn, port. 

6 yeitwv, neighbor. 6 pytwp, orator. 

y cixdv, image, portrait. 4 xeddav, swallow. 
5 nyepov, prince. 5 xitwv, garment. 

& xodwv, bell. H Xvov, SNOW. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X.) 


IN MODERN GREEK. 81 


298. In all these nouns » is shortened to o, and 7 to ¢, 
except in the nominative and vocative singular. 


299. 6 dnp Tov ALpevos Sev eivar Kaapds, the air of the port 
zs not pure. 
9 eixov TOD yeiTovds pov elvar Kady, the portrait of my 
neighbor ts good. 
5 HyELov cvvexdpy Tov pytopa, the prince congratulated 
the orator. 


EXERCISES. 


300. Las éoretda THY eixdva pou, THY éhdBete; Ma- 
Mota, elval TOAD Wpala, cas omordfer TOAD Kal as 
auyxaipw. — Oi “EdAnves brrépepov word Tov xetwava 
tovrov. —‘H yor eivat Aiav yruypd.—‘O nyepov apde- 
Badrev éav érperre Vv avayyeidn THY viknv (victory). — 
Xalpw bru dév imepépate word. — Ipére va elays ets 
TOV LATPOV Va- Me TreptpEeivyn.— Lé ovyxaipa, émayuves (vlg.) 
modu. — Héevpes rote avatérAre 7 ceAnvyn; Aév n&evpo. 
— Atati tpdues; Nopifo ore éodara Kal Str Oa pe 
Seipn 6 SiSdoKaros, Sidte emjpa (éXaBov) THY eixdva TOD 


NYEMOVOS. 


301. Do you know the hours when the stars rise? 
I know the stars, but I do not know when they rise. — 
Call (fe@vake) the policeman. — The Greeks suffered 
much from (a7, acc.) the winter. — My neighbor is a 
great (uéyas) orator. — The prince was. the savior of his 
people (Aaod). — You must bring the soap and wash the 


82 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


garments (xiT@v) of the soldiers. —I am very glad that 
the prince gave you his portrait, and I congratulate you 
from my heart (avo xapdias). —I doubt much if the 
Greeks will attack the port. —I am waiting to see if 
you will recognize (avayvwpifw) who beat you. — The 
air is very pure here (é€6@, évrav@a). — Who took the 
bell? The servant. 


IN MODERN GREER. 


LESSON XVIII. 


VERBS (continued). 


VERBS IN vo. 


83 


302. The chief exception to the rule given in the last 
lesson (§ 282), that liquid verbs (with the characteristic 
A, #, v, p) do not take o in the aorist, are the verbs end- 
ing in vw in the present, the greater number of which have 
the aorist in oa and the future in ow; e.g. 


303. 

apjve (or apivw), let, leave, 
dayxavw, bite, 

dévw (vig. for d€w), fe, 

Oupove, get angry, 

katopOovw, succeed, manage, 
kpvovw, am cold, catch cold, 
Aivw (vig. for Avw), loose, untie, 
parovw, scold, 

muavw (vlg.), catch, take hold of, 
oBivo, extinguish, 

oravw, break, 

arTepavovw, crown, marry, 
broxpedva, oblige, 

gavepovw, make clear, evident, 
pave, arrive, suffice, 


xava, lose, 


apyoa, 
> , 
eddykaca, 
édeca, 
€Ovpwoa, 

, 
Kat opbwoa, 


4, 
EKpVHTA, 


€Avea, 


éuddwoa, 

» 

€7TLAo"., 

éo Buca, 

» 

€o7raca, 

> , 
éeoTepavwoa, 
e / 
UITEXpEwoa, 
edpavepwoa, 
épbaca, 


€xaoa,, 


0 adpyow. 

6a daykacw. 
6a Séow. 

04 Ovpadcw. 

64 karopIicw. 
04 kpvdcw. 

0a AVow. 

64 pardow. 
0a midow. 

64 oBicw. 

6a oracw. 

6a crehavace. 
04 broxpedow. 
6a pavepdow. 
64 pbacw. 


04 xaow. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X XV.) 


84 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


304. NoTE 1.—’A¢lvw comes from d¢inu, the classical aorist of 
which, d¢7xa, is also used as an aorist of ddivw or adjvw. 


305. Norte 2.— Instead of midvw it is better to use NauBdvw.. 


306. Nore 3.— In the Greek marriage ceremony crowns of orange 
blossoms are used, hence to crown some one is to give in marriage or 
to perform the ceremony; ¢.g. 


more 0a orehavwecns tTHv Ovyarépa cov; when will you 
crown (give in marriage) your daughter ? 
motos iepeds tovs éorehavwoce; what priest crowned 


them ( performed the marriage ceremony) ? 


307. REMARK. — In all the above verbs ending in ovw the » is not 
the real characteristic, but is added in the modern vernacular in order 
to avoid the proximity of two vowels which would be contracted; the 
Modern Greek language allows contraction only when the characteristic 
is a ore. If this v is dropped these verbs become pure (i.e. have a vowel 
for characteristic), and we have already seen that pure verbs (dxovw, 
nkovoa) always have the aorist in oa. 


308. ddycé pe jovxov / leave me alone (quiet)! 
eOvpwoe kal Tov éudrwoe Sidtt Eorace TH woTHpt, he got 
angry and scolded him because he broke the glass. 
0a pe troxpedons wodd, you will oblige me greatly 
(much). 
éxaca Tov Spdpov pov, J have lost my way (road). 
dev xatdpOwoa rimore, 1 have not succeeded (in) any- 


thing. 


309. The following verbs in vw have a second aorist ; 
from this they form the future : — 


dvaBaivw, ascend, aveBnv, 0° dvaBo. 
dvadapBavw, undertake, dvéhaBov, 8° avard\adBo. 


310. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 


émitvyxave, succeed, er eTvXOV, 
katafaivw, descend, kar éBnv, 
kataAapBavw, understand, Katédafov, 
Aap Bava, get, édaBorv, 
pavOavw, learn, éuabov, 
mapaBaivw, transgress, TrapeBnv, 
TrapadapPavw, recerve, TrapéAaPorv, 
mpo\apPdvw, anticipate, mpoeArafsov, 
ovAdap Pave, catch, arrest, ovvédaBovr, 
ovpBaive,’ it happens, ovveBn, 
tvyxavo, happen, ETUXOY, 
trepBaivw, surpass, brepeByv, 


85 


04 émiTdxw. 
0a Kara Boa. 
04 KararAaBw. 
0a Ad Bw. 

04 wabw. 

64. rapaBo. 
64 raparaBw. 
0a mporAaBw. 
04 cvAdAG Bw. 
04 cvp By. 

64 TvxXw. 


04. irrep BO. 


katadapBavere ti Néyw; do you understand what I 


say ? 


ot KAythpes auvéeAaBov tov KAértnv, the policemen 


arrested the thief. 


éuabes TO pdOnpa cov; did you learn your lesson? 


euales ta vea; did you learn (hear) the news ? 


THIRD DECLENSION (continued). 


311. Many nouns of the third declension end in o in 


the nominative and vocative singular. 


If the characteristic 


is a vowel, o is simply added to the stem; 4g. 7pw-os, 
nom. ypws, hero; ixOv-os, nom. ixOvs, fish; Bo-ds, nom. Bois, 


Ox. 


The stem of the last noun appears in the nominative 
and vocative singular and dative plural as Bov-. 


In some 


nouns, as in these three examples, the vocative drops -s. 


1 Impersonal. 


86 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


312. If the characteristic is a x-mute or a 7-mute, o unites 
with it to form € or y. These nouns are declined as follows: — 


313. Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 
Acc. 
Voc. 


SINGULAR. 


6 Kopagé, crow. 


TOU KOpakos. 
Lal / 

T®@ KOpaKt. 
‘ , 

TOV KOpaKa, 


(like Nom.) 


PLURAL. 
c / 
ol KOpakes. 
TOV KOpaKwv. 
a“ , 
Tois Kopage. 
Tovs KOpakas. 


(like Nom.) 


314. In the same way are declined : — 


9 adwmné (-rexos), fox. 
6 dpmag (-yos), ravisher. 
9 Op (rprxds), hair. 

6 pow (-ros), short-sighted man. 5 xwpoptrAa€ (-xos), gendarme. 


6 dvvé (-xos), nail, claw. 
6 1iOné (-Kos), ape. 
6 xdAvy (-Bos), steed. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X.) 


315. If the characteristic is a r-mute or vy (or vt), it is 
rejected in the nominative and vocative singular and dative 
plural, and a preceding o is lengthened to ov and « to «e. 
These nouns are declined as follows : — 


316. Nom. % éAmis, hope. 


Gen. 
Dat. 
Acc. 
Voc. 


SINGULAR. 


THs €Amidos. 
TH eArib. 
THv Amida. 
(like Nom.) 


PLURAL. 

at €Amides. 
Tov éATidwyv. 
tats €Ariot. 
Tas €Amidas. 
(like Nom.) 


IN MODERN GREEK. 87 


317. In the same way are declined : — 


6 dddpas (-vros), diamond.* 
W axtis (-vos), ray. 
6 avag (-KTos), prince. 


yéAws (-ros), daughter. 


Oa 


6 yépwv (-vros), old man.* 

9 SupOepiris (-dos), diphtheria. 
9 €Bdopuds (-50s), week. 

6 édéas (-vros), elephant. 

9 EddXds (-d0s), Greece. 

9 eEoxorns (-ros), excellency. 


9 €amepis (-dos), evening party. 


9 €pynpepis (-dos), newspaper. 
9 Aapmporns (-tos), brilliancy. 


tis (tivos), who ? 


H peyadredrys (-ros), majesty. 
W veorns (-Tos), youth. 

9 vvé (-KTds), night.* 

6 dd0vs (-dvros), tooth.* 

mas (-vTds), every one. 

4 watpis (-bos), native land. 
6 movs (-d0s), foot.* 

9 Yadapis (-vos), Salamis. 
9 aavis (-dos), Plank. 

TO vdwp (-aros),' water.* 

TO pas (-r0s), ight. 

9 wpardrys (-Tos), deauty. 


Tis (TLvds), Some one. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X.) 


318. Nore.—JIn the vulgar idiom the words marked with an 
asterisk (*) are as follows: 7d Siaydvri, diamond ; 6 yépws, old man ; 
n vixta, night; 7d dbvri, tooth; 7d 1651, foot; 7d veps, water. 


319. tiv EBdoudda ravrynv cixouev woAAGs EomeEpidas, this 


week we had many evening parties. 


tivos elvar 4 epnpepis adityn; whose newspaper is this ? 


matpis ov evar y EAXas, my country is Greece. 
elyov THv éArida va. idw tov” Avaxta, J had the hope of 


seeing the Prince. 


1 Gen. vdaros. 


88 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


320. REMARK. — Neuter nouns have the accusative and vocative 
singular like the nominative, and their nom., acc. and voc. plural end in 
a short; e.g. 7d xpéas, meat, gen. Tot xpéaros, acc. Td Kpéas, voc. kpéas; 
pl. nom. 7a kpéara, acc. Ta Kpéara, voc. xpéara. 


321. Nore. — In the vulgar idiom the singular of almost all the 
nouns of the third declension follows the first declension by making a 
nominative of the accusative and adding o if the noun is masculine; 
the plural is always correctly declined according to the third declension ; 
e.g. H vixra (for wé, night), pl. at woxres; % cavlda (for cavis, plank), 
pl. ai cavides ; 6 xépaxas (for xdpat, crow), pl. oi kdpaxes; 6 dépas or ayépas 
(for djp, air), pl. oi dépes, winds, etc. 


EXERCISES. 


322. M7 pe parovys, 0a mpocdéw. — Oi ywpodvraxes 
cuvédaBov Tov apraya Kai Tod édecav Tas xeipas Kal 
tovs mddas Sia va pH piyn. — Hiobe pioy; “Ox, 7 
Aapmporns ToD hwTtdos ayeddov (almost) pw éTUprAwoe. — 
Oa pé trroypewmons va poi havepwons (by explaining to 
me) TL onpaivovow ot yérwTes ovTOL (this laughter). — 
Atati onpaivovow ot K@dwves TOV éexkAnoL@v (of the 
churches); Mvdtt awéavev » Avtod Meyaredrns.1 — 
Ai Meyareustntés Tov éotepavaocav thv “KEoyornta Tov 
Thv vinta tavtTnv.—’Ev ‘EdAddt brrapyovor trodXat 
arorenes, altives (which) tpwyovot Ta atapvda. — At 
tpixes Tov yépovros elvat reveal. — Mi aBvons 0 
pas. : 

3 1 ’A.M. stands for Avrod Meyadewrns, His Majesty; *A.’A.M.M. for 


AitGv Meyadedrnres, Their Majesties; ’A.’E. for Ad’rod ’Egoxérns, His 
Excellency. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 89 


323. Take care, you will catch cold. — Don’t get 
angry and don’t scold me, I will take care. — The 
keeper (0 dvAa&) caught the fox and tied it by (ard, 
acc.) the foot that it might not (8:a va um) bite. — The 
old man is short-sighted. — Who untied the monkey 
and let it break the plank? No one. — Be good enough 
(you will oblige me) to leave me alone (quiet). — Their 
Majesties arrived in Salamis (in) the night (acc.). — 
The diamonds shone in the night like (ws) rays of 
light. — The old man has lost all (éXous or wdvtas) his 
teeth, and his hair (plural) is white. — The claws of the 
lion are as (#s, with nom.) steel. — Have you learned 
(heard) if the evening party of His Excellency succeeded 
(was successful)? —The hopes of your youth had blinded 
you. — The workmen will print the newspaper of this 
week to-morrow morning (To mpwi'). — The beauties of 
your native land surpassed our expectations (hopes). 


90 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XIX. 
VERBS (continued). 
ee 
IIpoo-raxrixh. — Imperative. a fit to ts 


324. The imperative mood has two tenses, the present 
and the aorist; the first expressing continuance or repeti- 
tion, the second the simple occurrence of the action. Both 
occur only in the second person. | 


325. The present imperative is formed from the present 
stem with the endings -e (sing.) and -ere (plur.); eg. 


Indicative, ypado, J write. 
Imperative, ypade, ypadere. 


The use of the present imperative is not very common. 
326. The first aorist imperative is formed from the first 
aorist stem (unaugmented) with the endings -ov and -are; e.g. 


Indicative, éypapa, 7 wrote. 


Imperative, ypaov, ypaware. 
327. The second aorist imperative is formed from the 
second aorist stem with the endings -e and -ere; e.g. 


Indicative, épayov, J ate. 
Imperative, pdye, payere. 


328. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 91 


The first and third persons of the imperative are 


borrowed from the subjunctive of the present or aorist, as 
the case may be, with one of the particles va, ds, py; eg. 


va TPwyw, va Tpwyys, etc., Lam to be eating. 
va payw, va payys, etc., [am to eat. | 
as payw, let me cat; as pH payw, let me not eat. 


ph padyns, wh padynre, don’t eat. 


329. REMARK.— In verbs compounded witha preposition the accent 
goes in the imperative as far back as the length of the ultimate will 
allow; e.g. mpocéxw (mpds?xw), imp. mpdcexe; vréypaya (b1d-eypaya), 
imp. bréypayov. 


330. 


Nore.—In the vulgar idiom it is usual to give the imperative 


the terminations -e, -ere, whether it is formed from a first or froma second 
aorist (ypde instead of ypdor, efc.). 


331. 


332+ 


333: 


334- 


wie! drink ! ide / (also id€), see / 
va. tin, he is to drink. emitpevare pas! allow us / 
pn wins, don’t drink. tpée! run! 


as riwpev, let us drink. 


ds uh miwor, Let them not drink. 


Kdpov abté (vlg. de To), cut it. 


avoigov THY Ovpay (vg. dvose THY wéprav), open the door. 


eime eis TOV adEADOY Gov, fell your brother. 


piye ax edo, go away (from here). 


THIRD DECLENSION (continued). 


Several neuter nouns of the third declension with 


the characteristic r drop this in the nominative, accusative, 
and vocative singular, and do not take o. They are de- 
clined as follows : — 


92 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


SINGULAR. PLURAL, 


335- Nom. 76 capa, body. TO TOpara. 


Gen. Tov cdparos. TOV THOUAT WV. 
“ 4 ral , 

Dat. T@ cwpatt. . Tos THpact. 

Acc. 706 o@pa. TA TWOp"ATO. 

Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


336. In the same way are declined : — 


ayadpa, statue. pvbioropnpua, novel. 
aiviypa, enigma. voOmLopa, Cot. 
dvaornpa, figure, height, dvoya, name. 
presence. Oxnpa, carriage. 
yara, milk." roinpa, Poem. 
yevpa, dinner. mpaypa, thing. 
ypappa, letter. otopua, mouth. 
déua, Parcel, : owrtaypa, constitution, regi- 
dunynpa, story. ment. 
Spada, drama. brddnpa, boot. 
Kabiopa, seat, chair. Vpacpa, @oth, stuff. 
Kpipa, sin, pity. xapTovouiopa, Paper currency. 
[ri kpiva = what a pity! | xphpa, money.? 
pdbnpua, lesson. xpOpa, color. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XI.) 


337- The nouns 6 warnp, father;  patnp, mother; 4 
Ovyarnp, daughter ; and 6 avyp, man, drop « in the genitive 
and dative singular and dative plural; to the last they at 
the same time add an a short before the termination ov. In 
dvyp the « is in all cases replaced by 6, except in the nomi- 
native and vocative singular. 


1 Genitive yddaxros, dat. pl. yadaée. 2 Generally plural. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 93 


338. They are declined as follows : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR PLuRAL. 
Nom. zaryp. Tar €epes. avyp- dvopes. 
Gen. matpds.  marépwv. avoépdés.  davdpav. 
Dat.  sarpi. TAT pact. avopi. dvdpaot. 
Acc. matépa. arépas. dvdpa.  dvdpas. 
Voc. marep. Tar épes. avep. avopes. 


PATH, PNTPOS, byTpL, UNTEpa, pHTEp, etc. 
Ovyarnp, Ovyarpds, Ovyarpi, Ovyarépa, Ovyarep, etc. 


339. Nore. —In the vulgar idiom 6 dvépas you means my husband 
(see note, § 321). 


EXERCISES. 


340. [vawpifers To dvopa Tov avdpos TovTov; Manorta, 
» Ovyarnp tou eivat didn THs puntpds pov. — Karpov 
é6o kal Oa evpys apyaia vopicpata. — Xnpepov év 
‘EAAads Sév irrdpyes ypucds, AAXd pdvov yapTovdemicpa. 
— IIduaré pou, cas rapaxare (I beg you), ta pvOtoro- 
phpara Tob matpos cas. —‘H Ouydrnp tov éyer wpatov 
avacTnua, eivat ws (like) apyatov éAAnUKEY dyadpa. — 
Kime eis tov irrnpérny va pépn &v (a) dynua. —TO ypdpa 
Tod updo patos TovToU mé (uol) apéoxer TOAV. — Bade Ta 
kabicpata eis To tpatréhe Sid Td yedua. — Pepe pe (Mor) 
Ta wTroonwaTta wov.— Dépe 7d Séua TovTO eis TO TaYv- 
dpopetov. —TO ypadma Tod ydraKTOs elvat evKdY. — 
Kivat mrovv wdpaiov td rotnua ths Ouyatpds cas. — Na 


xdow THY Conv mov éav Sev Adyo THY adAjnGeav. — Mr 


94 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


dpayn xavels (no one) amd (of) avta ta phra!/—Na 
puyn apéows (at once)!—*As riwpev eis THY byelav TOD 


TATPOS Kal THS wNTpPOS pas. 


341. Bring me a (év) chair. — Father, tell my brother 
not to tease me !— Drink this warm milk, ‘it will do you 
good. — The whole (édos 0) world will learn that you 
are the daughters of these brave men. — Run to open 
the door. — Tell the servant to take (va apn) these 
letters and this parcel to the post-office. — Did the 
professor sign the poem with (wé, acc.) his name? No, 
he signed the name of his daughter. — Has he written 
many novels? No, he has written only dramas. — 
Bring me my boots! — This thing is an enigma to me 
(ov éué).— Put these things on (ézé, gen.) the table. — 
Where is Constitution Square (9 [lAateta tod Lur- 
Tayparos) ? —Is the dinner ready? Yes, it is ready. — 
She has a well-shaped mouth. — Where are your ancient 
coins? I have lost them. — She has a fine figure. — 
What a pity that her mouth is ugly! | 


IN MODERN GREEK. 95 


LESSON XxX. 
VERBS (continued). 
UNCONTRACTED PURE VERBS. 


342. Verbs whose stem ends in a vowel (pure verbs) 
are of two classes: 1st, uncontracted; 2d, contracted. 


343. Uncontracted pure verbs have the accent (always 
an acute) on the penultimate in the first person singular of 
the present indicative, and their characteristic may be any 
vowel or diphthong except a, ¢, o. 


344. Contracted verbs have the accent (always a circum- 
flex) on the last syllable in the first person singular of the 
present indicative, and their characteristic is one of the 
vowels a, e, 0, which contracts with the termination, as will 
be seen in the following lessons. 


345. The following is a complete paradigm of the active 
voice of the uncontracted pure verb in Modern Greek : — 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 











(sesua} punoduros 12M DON aD DANY 
24} ULIOJ 0} posn) ILDOAN athony aLDDAY3 
p7S00] asim ony aan ay? 
I2DY 04 19.090N 9$00] P7500} ‘24a Gioay 900\2 
p7s007 "(aay ‘B[A) aonay anny 1090\ SxX39k | pasooz slogy | (sanay2 *B[A) spoaya 
Sutavy ‘svonx Pinoys 7 909K aoyrgl 7 (A) ‘09x pasoo] J “vony2 | “10V 
"149 
199X 519X789 
139X ON79 
Io *2ja 
Sutsooy slay vg 
79 11945 J ‘ON RO | I 
: ‘ma Aaony2 
19AX SIYIgk aLIA\? 
19AY Aaoyagl aanoay? 
IO “27a aAY2 
SU1S00]  S9ay2 2 S3a\2 
29 pynoys J ‘aoay2 vO Sutso0, svar J ‘aoay2 | ‘dwy 
(sasua} punoduios aang ROPE, 
24} WLIO} 0} pasn) aLIAY aLlay aL3aY 
SU1S00] aarioay Aaniony 
29 07 “I9QX Gay 13QX 
SUut1S00] 39 ‘an Sutsooz slay S19QX 
Sursoog ‘amay wo 7 (ft) ‘eax | Sursooy mv 7 ‘mx | soig 





“ATAHIOILAV "EG 


‘AAILINIAN] 








‘TAILVUAAIWT 





"IVNOILIGNOZ) 





"HAILONOALanNS 





“HAILVOIGNT 











97 


IN MODERN GREEK. 








190A 19mXa vg 

19.090Y aLkXa vg 

190AY aanmXa vO 
p7so0, 19.099y UX2 vg 
a2vy 1299X SLX2 2g 


219 YS J 19.09N MX2 Vg 


‘fed 
“ny 





19.09X a0X19 VO 

19.0QX 349XJ3 09 

13.90X aanloXj2 vg 

p2S007 19.090X 39X19 2 
A2DY «19.0 3X9 NO 
Pynoys J 1909x a0X33 Vg 


19.09N a0X}9 

19.090Y 949XJ9 

19.90X aanloXj9 
19.00N 9XJ9 

P2800] 19.099X S3X 19 
poy J 1399X 40X39 


‘dng 





19.00Y 10X32 
19.0AY 9LuXa 
1900X aanmXa 
pasoog 1909N UXa 
Ia2vYy 19.09X SUX 


I (A) 93.09 mX2 


19.9AaX 1920X2 

19.99QX 3949X2 

139.9AX aanloXa 

19.0AY 19Xa 

S00] 19.09N s13X2 
aawy J “1309x MX2 


‘Ped 





2800] 
Of gnognv Samoan 














‘24a 

19.00\N S19\ 39 

19.099X OV29 

IO “27a 

sloay 29 

9S00] 17045 [‘M00X 26 








‘yyy Zz 





98 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


346. Nore. —It will be seen that the present, the imperfect, and 
the first future in all the moods are formed from the stem as it appears 
in the present indicative; while the aorist, second future, perfect, 
pluperfect, and future perfect are formed from the stem as it appears 


in the aorist indicative. 


It is sufficient, therefore, to know the present 


and the aorist of any verb in order to be able to form the other tenses 
and to conjugate the verb entire. 


347. In the same way are conjugated the following 


verbs : — 


ayopevw, make a speech, 


akxovw, hear, 
eLodevw, spend, 
Oeparretw, cure, 
iarpevw, Cure, 

kaiw, burn, 

kAaiw, Cry, 

Aovw, bathe, 
payepedo, cook, 
muorevw, believe, 
mpopnbetw, Procure, 
ovpBovredw, advise, 
ragedevw, travel, 


trakovw, obey, 


bravopetw, give in marriage, 


hovetw, kilZ, 
xpnoipedo, be of use. 


ny Opevoa. 
nkOve". 
eEwdevoa. 

> 4 
eJeparrevoa. 
5/7 

idt pevo. 
éxavoa. 
éxAavoa. 
éX\ovca. 
€uayeipevoa. 
éerioTevoa. 

> , 
errpounbevoa. 
ovveBovrAevoa. 


éraéeidevoa. 


‘brnkoved. 


bravopevoa.. 
edovevoa. 


expnoipevoa. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XX VI.) 


FourTH DECLENSION. 


348. The fourth declension of nouns contains 
are only partially perittosyllabic (¢.e. they have only in some 


such as 


IN MODERN GREEK. 99 


cases one syllable more than in the nominative singular), 
with the genitive singular uncontracted. 


349. The nominative singular of these nouns ends in evs 
and is, and in case of adjectives in vs (neuter v). They are 
declined according to the following examples : — 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
350. Nom. 6 Baordr¢evs. oi BactAeis (BactXées). 
Gen. Tov Baciriéws. raov Baorréwv. 
Dat. to Baorrg<.* tois BaciAevor. 
Acc. Tov Bacidéa. tovs Bactreis (Bactdéas). 
Voc. Pacrred. Baoreis (Bacidées). 


351. Like BaowAed’s are declined :— 


6 yovets, parent.” 6 tepeds, priest. 
€.-¢€ F 


O ypapparedts, secretary. 6 tmmeds, rider. 


6 Oncevs, Theseus. 6 ovyypadeds, author. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XII.) 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
352. Nom. 7 w0Xs, city. ati modes (oXees). 
Gen. THs ToAEus. Tov TOXEwV. 
Dat. ty rode (rode). Tats wddeor. 
Acc. tv 7oAuv. Tas moAes (7dXeas). 
Voc. 6X. modes (dXe«s). 


353- Notre. — The accentuation of médews, mbdrewv, efc., on the 
antepenult is Attic. 


1 Contracted from Bacwk. 2 Chiefly plural. 


100 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


354. Like woXts are declined : — 


*Axpomods, Acropolis. kuBépvnois, government. 
dvaxdAvyis, discovery. Kwvoravrwovrodks, Constantinople. 
amropacts, ecision. peradpacts, translation. 

Bpvous, fountain. Opeis, appetite. 

Synpocievors, Publication. Tapactacis, representation. 


SvevOuvors, direction, address. wepiroinots, kind attention. 


Svvayis, Power, — mpagis, action. 

eldnots, 2ews. mpookAryors, invitation. 
éxdoors, edition. mporacis, proposal. 
éravaAnwus, repetition. mpopacis, pretext. 
epwrnors, guestion. ordo.s, standing, revolt. 
evxapiornots, pleasure. avlytno.s, discussion. 
KatactTacis, situation. bBpis, insult. 
Kataxpyno.s, abuse. pvo.s, nature. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XIII.) 


EXERCISES. 


355. Acv Oa ériotevor troré tt OEE we Oepatrevoret. — 
"Heovoa peta tordHs (with much) evyapioticews Tv 
mpdtacw THS Snmociedcews véas exddcews THS peTadpa- 
sews TOD svyypadéws TovTov. —’Ayopevwr (in speaking 
or while speaking) 6 Baotreds eitrev Ott aupéBarev eav 1) 
kuBépynots Oa ceive tiv Sivaytv va Oeparredon THY KaTd- 
otTacw TavTnv. —H érravarnis Tav épatncewy cov eivat 
vBpis. — Mr kralns, o€ cupBovrevw va itraxovans eis 


Tovs yoveis cov.— H amddaats avrn eivat katadypnots THS 


S449 
3929 

2 > >. 2 
a2 2 2 2 Biase D 


IN MODERN CREEK. Ro bars Si baomety 2) 


Suvapews THS ys aay — KY 6a ‘eisBeisy Bhar piov 
(all my) Ta ypnpata éav éXapBavov éeyKaipws TO ypdupa 
cov. — At mepitroijoes Tov yépovTos lepéws pas wre- 
xpéwoav tov. — Aév éyw dpeEw Vv axotw avonoias. — 


"Exo TroAdny evyaplotnow. 


356. I should have cooked the dinner, if you had 
procured me (any) butter. —I should write to him if 
I knew his address. — Who would have believed that 
the acts of the Greek (rijs EAAHMKAS) government were 
a mere (simple) pretext !— He who spoke (the speaker) 
had not heard the news of the revolt.—The city 
spent much money (plural) for this fountain. —I have 
received your invitation to (es or dua) the representa- 
tion of this drama. — The new edition of the transla- 
tion of this author is not. good. — The parents wish 
to marry their daughter to (ué, acc.) the secretary. — 
This discovery was of great (7roAv) use. — I should 
have untied the horse if my brother had not untied 
him. — The news of the death of the king produced 
(made) a great sensation. — Do you know where the 
temple of Theseus is ?— It is near (aAnolov, gen.) 
the Acropolis. — The old priest will marry them in 
Constantinople. 


abr ahk 
F 

tc! 
Over 


102. Ss: PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XXI. 


VERBS (continued ). 
CONTRACT VERBS IN aq. 


357- Contract verbs differ from uncontracted only in the 
present and imperfect (and first future), the terminations 
of which contract with the preceding vowel (a, «, 0). 


358. Verbs with the characteristic a are contracted as 


follows : — ; 
_ ao, aov, and aw contracted to wo. 
ae and ay contracted to a. 
ae and ay contracted to aq. 


359. They are conjugated as follows :— 


103 


IN MODERN GREEK. 


‘SOSSED payeonpa oy} Aq poeprloar st YyoTYyM “772 ‘sanqounhy ‘nogouvdp yooz10dut poydn1109 & SULIOJ OSTe 
1] 37 ‘siapundy ‘mpuvdp wioy payoeIjuOoUN oy} Jo asn soyeM AT[e19UNS WIOIpI Iv3[NA oY] — ‘ALON "0ge 

















ay Sebe x ‘Hed 
4a “Wokuniy mXa vg “ng 
972 “aokuvhy aoXja | ‘dng 
‘ya “okunky mX2| "JIG 
‘33a ‘mouuvky 9 | ‘ny Zz 
‘4a woluphi | ‘10y 
‘(‘{qns ‘said oy1[) 272 ‘Mundy 9 | ng i 
‘24a (aon) amuphl 
(ap) Bundy aoyag (atap) azpuvih 
(aslop) aso uvdh 
Io pe } 
(an) vupdl 
“24a (sav) soupy 
(aon) amuphl vg (aon) amuphAh | ‘duit 
Q.omp) 190muvhp | (2020p) 10m.uvLD 
(asap) azpuvdp (ashy) sspuvdp (a19p) sspuvip 
(asm) asnimunXp | (aasnop) asrimuvdp 
(ap) duvdp (An) duvdp (9p) duvdp 
(amp) amuvdp (av) vupdp (sip) sdbuvdp (sap) shuvdp 
(op) quvdp |acoz7 (mp) guvdp | “so1g 
“Ha TdIOILUV"G “HAILINIANT “AAILLVUAIWT "IVNOILIGNOZ) ‘AALLONNLANS “AAILVOICNT 


























104 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


361. In the same way are conjugated the following 
verbs : — 


adravT@, answer, meet, HTavT YT. 
arat@, cheat, HTaTnCA. 
Bovr® (vlg.), plunge, €Bovrnoa. 


yero, laugh, cheat, éyéAaca. Note r. 


yew, bear, éyevvyoa. 

dua, be thirsty, €difnoa. Note 2. 
efurva, awake, eEvmvnca. 
Epwrd, ask, npwoTnea. 
KoAvp Bo, swim, €xorA Vp. Boa. 
xtur@, beat, strike, €xTUTrNTG. 


pela, get drunk, €ucOvoa. Note 2. 


pereroa, study, €ued€ry oa. 


PETpO, measure, 

ViK@, CONGUET, 

mea, be hungry, 

meta, fly, throw away, 
orapata, stop, 


> , 

€meTpyoa. Note 3. 
S 

€viKynoa. 

> , 

é€7re.tvaca. Note 1. 
éreraka. Note r. 


éoTaparyoa. 


cvvicTe, recommend, found, svvértynoa. Note 3. 
ToApo, dare, éroApnoa. 


XaAG, Spoil, €xdAaca. Note r. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XX VII.) 


362. NoTE 1.— The verbs yeA@, red, werd, xad0, efc., do not 
lengthen the characteristic a into 7 in the aorist and future. —’Eérata, 
vig. for éréraca. 


363. NoTE 2.— Aw@6 makes édipyea in the literary language and 
ésivaca in the vulgar idiom. —’Eyé6vea is the aorist of the classical 
verb pebiw. 


364. Nore 3.— In the literary language uerp@ has the characteristic 
€: perpéw, uerp®. —ZunorG is the literary form of the classical verb 
ouvlarnm, aor. cuvéoryoa. 


LIN MODERN GREEK. 105 


365. py pod xaAds thy qovyxiav, don’t spoil (disturb) my rest. 
: ayarare tHv EAXaba ; do you love Greece? 
dyamrare tov EAAnuKov oivov; do you like Greek wine? 
dev to OeAw: weragé to/ TL don’t want it; throw it 
away / 
cas cuvoT® Tov hirov pov, J recommend (introduce) to 
you my friend. 


REMARK. — Names of countries are written with a capital letter, but 
adjectives derived from them are written with a small letter. 


FourTH DECLENSION (continued). 


366. Adjectives of the fourth declension have the nomi- 
native of the masculine in vs and of the neuter inv. They 
are declined as follows : — 


367. MASCULINE. 368. NEUTER. 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. ciOvs, straight. eifeis (és). dv... ev0ea.. 
Gen.  €vO€os ev0ewv ev€os. evbewv. 
Dat. vet (i). evbéor. ede? (Et). edO€or. 
Acc.  evOuv. ev0eis (€as). evOv. ev0éa. 
Voc. vv. evbeis (€es). evOv. ev0éa. 


369. RemARK.— The feminine of these adjectives ends in ¢fa and 
follows the first declension : ¢.g. edOeia. 


370. Like evs are declined : — 


Bapis, heavy (strong, dfus, acute, pointed. 


severe). maxus, fat, stout. 
Babus, deep. evpus (lit.), droad. 
Bpadus, slow, late. — mwAatvs, broad. 
yAvkis, sweet. Taxus, guick. 


NoTE.— The noun 6 whxus, a measure of length =2 ft. 2in., is also 
declined like ev@us. 


106 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


371. Nore. —’Oéeia, the feminine of divs, is the name of the acute 
accent in Greek; mdarefa, the feminine of rdarus, signifies a public 
sguare. In the vulgar idiom Spade, from Spadeta, the feminine of Bpa- 
dvs, is used in the sense of evening, instead of éorépa. 


372. 6 xeuwv elvar Bapds edéros, the winter is severe this 
"year. 
mwas ayarare Tov Kahév cas; Bapwv kai yAvkiv. How 
do you like your coffee? Strong and sweet. 
Méetpnoe pov Siw mHXELS Dpaoparos, measure me two 
piques of cloth. 
elvat wpaia Bpadea arope, it is a beautiful evening 


to-night. 


EXERCISES. 


373. Avati orapatare; "Eotapatnoa dudtt ediipaca 


kal érretvaca. — M7 yedas, eloat todd Trayvs.—‘H odds 





avTn elvat evOcia Kal evpeta.—‘O drvos (sleep) eivar 
yAuKds TOV YeLMLava (tn winter), ANNA Tpérre va eEvTrVas 
évwpitepov (earlier). —’ Kav nyamas tovs yoveis cou, dev 
Oa rods nrdatas.—’AyaT@ Todd Ta wHra, Ti Kpipa Sri 
éyaracav. —’EBovrnoev eis tiv Babetav Odraccav Kai 
éxorvuPnoe taxéws (guickly).—‘O tmrmos obdtos eivat 
worn Bpadvs. — Ti érérakes eis thv avrAHnv; ’Eréraka ta 
otapinia dudtt elyov yadrdoe.—M? pé yeras. — Aev 
oe yero, col Aéyw THY adnOevav. — [lod eivar Td mrovAl 


pov; *Erréra€e. 


IN MODERN GREEK... 107 


374. Love your father and (your) mother. —I love 
them with all (é 6dys) my heart and all my strength. 
— Why do you ask me ?—I advise you (4s) to study 
your lessons. — Don’t laugh! Iam not cheating you. 
— This man is very stout and heavy.—TI do not dare 
ask him if he is thirsty, because he loves wine (ro 
kpact, tov oivov) and gets drunk. — The street is 
straight and broad. —I laughed so much (técov mroXv) 
when I saw him swimming (va with pres. subj.) ! — 
What a pity ! the apples are spoiled.— Are you thirsty? 
I am not thirsty.k—Are you hungry? I am _ not 
hungry, but I have a good appetite. 


108 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XIII. 
VERBS (continued). 
CONTRACT VERBS IN €@. 


376. Pure verbs having the characteristic « contract in 
the present and imperfect as follows : — 


€w contracts to wo. 
ee and ex contract to e. 
eo and eov contract to ov. 
€n contracts to 

€n contracts to 7». 


377. They are conjugated as follows : — 


109 


IN MODERN GREEK. 


‘242 ‘sannosk$a “nonosks 4ystioe ay} jo 


suoneuruiie, ay} yezrodumt oy} ut sdsn WOIPI IeZ[NA IY], — “ALON *gLE 

















‘ baa ‘od 
342 “oksh§ mXa2 vg } “ng 
"ja “anbs§ aoXza | -dntg 
‘242 Voss mX2| “rag 
247 ‘moksh$ vg | ny z 
° "2 ‘wols$ 9 ‘10V 
“(‘{qns -sard ax) “477 ‘msk§ pg | “ny 1 

‘24a (a03) anosh$a 

sath aoyragl (9199) a1aaLh$9 

(aar/03) asriaot$9 

E (33) 1944459 

“249 (saa) srarh$y 
anos $a vg (409) anos Ss | -dury 

(1.03) 10m 1L4$ (2.0203) 1000LL.$ 

(9199) a1aacl§ (asks) stush5 (91399) as29Lh$ 

(aanm3) aasrigth$ | (aar0z) aarnosk§ 

(799) ga4les (49) dots (r99) 294.5 

(4m3) amshs (93) 1924.5 (siz) shsu§ (s1az) s2aL.§ 
(m9) @4us | yaas 7 (m7) OLU§ | “sarg 

“ATdHIOILAV"G “HAILINIANT “HAILLVAAAIWNT “IVNOILIQGNO’) ‘HAILONOLans “HAILVOIGNT 


























A PRACTICAL METHOD 


ayvow, not know, 
aduvata, be unable, 


dvaxwpo, depart, 


dpxet (impers.), z¢ suffices, 


adaipo, take away, 
BonOa, help, 

évvow, understand, 
eEnyo, explain, 
érPewpa, inspect, 
erOupo, desire, 
evxapioto, thank, 
Gewpa, consider, 
katynyopo, blame, accuse, 
kato.ko, inhabit, live, 
AerroOupoa, faint, 
PETPO, MEASUTE, 

puce, hate, 

dmirA0, talk, 

dporoyo, acknowledge, 
mapakaAr0, beg, pray, 
mapeenyo, misinterpret, 
mTpooKar®, invite, 
mpooraba, try, 
cvyxwpo, Sorgive, 
Tuppwve, agree, 
Tipwpo, Punish, 
pbova, envy, 

Piro, Riss, 


379. Like {yr@ are conjugated : — 


nyvonoa. 
novvatynoa. Note r. 
dvexwopnoa. 
NPKECE. 

ay pera. 
€BonOnoa. 
évvénoa. Note 2. 
eEnynoa. 
ereDewpnoa. 
éreOvpnoa. 
Hvxapiornoa. 
edewpyoa. 
KaTnyopnoa. 
KATWOKNOG. 
eAXccroOvunoa. 
€ueTpnoa. Note 3. 
épionoa. 
wopirnoa. 
wOpod\synoa. 
mapekdAera. Note 4. 
mrapeénynoa. 
mpooeKarera. 
mpocerdbnoa. 
Tvvexopnoa. Note s. 
cuvepovnca. 
erimopyoa. 
epOovnca. 
épirnoa, Note 6. 


IN MODERN GREEK. : 111 


popa, wear, €pdpera. Note 7. 
XPEwoTO, OWE, ——. Note 8. 
operd, am of advgntage, wédyoa. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XX VIII.) 


380. Nore 1.—In the vulgar idiom ddvvard, dduvdrnoa means 7 
get thin or am poorly. 


381. Nore 2.—In the literary language this verb is written vod 
événoa. 


382. Norte 3- — Merpéw, werp®@ is the literary form. The vulgar 
idiom says petpdw, per pd. 


383. NOTE 4.—mapaxadk® or ods mapaxad® corresponds to the 
English, z/ you please. 


384. Norte 5.— In the vulgar idiom the aorist is éovyxw#pnea. 

385. Norte 6.—In the literary language ¢:A@ means J Jove. 

386. Nore 7.—The literary language says épw; ¢.g. diatl pépecs 
Tov xiT@vd wou; why do you wear my garment ? 


387. Norte 8.— The aorist of this verb is not in use, the imperfect 
being its only past tense. 


388. dpxet- évvonoa, it is enough; I have understood. 

mov katoukeite ; where do you live? 

DewpS Kaddv va oas eEnynow, L consider it well to 
explain to you. 

cas tapaxade roAdv, J beg you very much. 

pe ovyxwpeire, LT beg your pardon (forgive me). 

Ta popéuata Srov (Ta droia) Popa, the clothes that I 
wear. | 

dvexwpynoe Sia 76 Aovdivoy (eis Aovdivov), he has left 
Jor London. 


112 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


FIFTH DECLENSION. 


389. The fifth declension contains neuter nouns in os; 
also a few feminine in ws or w belonging exclusively to the | 
literary language, and adjectives with a common masculine 
and feminine termination in ys and neuter in es. They all 
have this in common, that the genitive singular of both 
nouns and adjectives ends in ovs. 


390. Neuter nouns in os are declined as follows : — 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 16 €6vos, nation. ta €Ovn (ea). 


Gen. Tov eOvovs (eos). TOV eOvav (éwv). 


Dat. to €Ove (ei). Tots eOvect. 
Acc. 170 €6vos. TO €Ovn (ea). 
Voc. (like Nom.) (like Nom.) 


Notr.— In the gen. pl., ew is sometimes uncontracted, as dpéwy 
from 8pos, mountain. 


391. In the same way are declined : — 


aloxos, shame. Hépos, part, place. 
avOos, flower. dpos, mountain. 

éros, year. maxos, fat, thickness. 
Levyos, pair. oKoros, darkness. 
Oappos, courage. retxos, wall (of a city). 
Oépos, summer. téXos, end. 

ixvos, trace. twos, height. 

KddXos, beauty. Weddos, falsehood. 
AdBos, mistake. yoxos, cold. 


(For further examples see Vocab. XIV.) - 


IN MODERN GREEK. 113 


392. 1a relyn THs TéAcws elvar tyyAd, the walls of the city 


are high. 


Td Oépos civas odd Oeppov év “EAAGS, summer is very 


hot in Greece. 


ra avOn tov Sacdv Kai Tav dpéwv, the flowers of the 


Jorests and the mountains. 


393. Feminine nouns in ws and w are declined as fol- 


lows :— 


SINGULAR. 
Nom. 47 aidws, modesty. 
Gen. is aidods (dos). 
Dat. ty aido? (di). 
Acc. Hv aided. 


Voc. aide. 


PLURAL. 
at aidot. 
~ > nw 
TWV aiduv. 
nn > nn 
TALS aidots. 
XA > 4 
Tas aidovs. 


aidot. 


394. In the same way are declined 7 redo, persuasion; 
9 7x, echo (voc. sing. 7xot); and several names of persons, 


like "Eparé, Mupro, ede. 


the second declension (§ 158). 


The plural of these nouns follows 


395. Masculine and feminine adjectives in ys are declined 
as follows : — 


Nom. 


Gen. 
Dat. 
Acc. 
Voc. 


SINGULAR. 
6, 9 GAnONs, true. 
TOU, THS GAnOods (cos). 
TO, TH GAN (Ei). 
Tov, THY GAnOn (€a). 
dAnOy. 


PLURAL. 
ol, al dAnPeis (ées). 
Tov dAnOav (éwv). 
Trois, Tals dAyBeor. 
Tous, Tas GAnOets (eas). 
dAnbeis (€es). 


114 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


396. The neuter of these adjectives is thus declined :— 


SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. 106 dAnés. Ta adynOn (éa). 
Gen. Tod dAyfois (€os). — rwv adyOadv (Ev). 
Dat. To ddrbet (éi) Tots aAnbeor. 
Acc. 76 adrnbés. Ta adynOn (€a). 
Voc. dAnbés. dAnOn (€a). 


397. In the same way are declined the following adjec- 
tives : — 


axpiBys, exact. evyevns, 20b/e, polite. 
doeBns, zmpious. eboe Bis, Pious, respectful. 
aobevns, weak, ill. evtuxns, happy. 


avOddns, impertinent.  adAnpys, full. | 
Svoruyxns,. unhappy, cvyyens, related, a relative. 
poor. wevdys, false. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X XI.) 


398. Also some proper names, like ’Apuoroddvys, Anpo- 
abévns, Avoyévys, etc., the vocative of which ends in es and 
has the accent on the antepenult ; ¢.g. d Anpocbeves. 


399. «lvar arn és, it 2s true. 
ciaOe roXdd ebyevns, you are very polite. 
Svorvyns avOpwros / aaeOave rANpys Cons, Poor man / 
he died while still vigorous. 


EXERCISES. 


400. Las Tapakar@ va pe ovyywpyonte (or simply 
HEe ovyyxwpeite), cas CnTa@ ouvyyvopunv (pardon) Kal cas 
evyaploTa Torv Sia Tiv evyevh cas pirokeviav (hospi- 
tality), — Aév évvo® tl Snreite va ol eEnynonte. — Oa 


IN MODERN GREEK. 115 


9S > /, 7\ \ > s e F 
eiyov avaywpyoe éav dev érecTroOvper 1 Suvotvyns pou 
Ouyarnp. — At edyeveis Kal evoeBeis Wuyal picodcr TO 
Weddos.—‘H arnOis aperh (virtue) Kal TO adyOes Oappos 
eivat va omodoyn Tis TA AAOH Tov, ovdeva (nO ONE) V? 
AOLKH, VA WH lon AAA Va ovyywpH Kal v’ ayaTra Tos 
éyOpovs tov. — Oi avOaders odor Kal aceBeis dvOpwror 
Katnydpouv Tov Baothéa. — TO inpos Tod Telyous TovTov - 
eivat Séka (ten) mHYxewv, Kal TO TaxOS avTOD Siw (two) 
mnyxeov, exer Se (and) Klay (very) axptBH nyo. — IIlonrd 
> wm. the ’ \ »” an tesa \ , 
ayaTra n Ouvyatnp cas Ta avOn Tov dpéwv.— TO cKdTOS 


7T0 Babd cai dév éBrA€rropev TitroTe. 


401. I beg you, tell me in what (e¢s zrovov) part your 
poor relative lives. I must (I owe to) acknowledge to 
you that I do not know. —I thank you very much. — 
He was speaking to me (vo/) when he fainted. — He 
left because he was unable to help his relatives. — The 
flowers envied her beauty.—I have the courage to 
acknowledge that I made a mistake. —TI agree with 
you (He8” tuev or wé duas) that I must (ode/A@ or 
mpéret) punish him; I cannot forgive his mistakes. — 
They desired to explain to us that they considered it a 
shame not to help us. —I understand, and thank you. 
— Your lies will not help you (are of no advantage to 
you); you must acknowledge your mistake. — At (es) 
the end of the year the sick (man) left for (dea) the 
mountains. — Not (odre) a trace of her beauty remained 
by (eés) the end of the summer.— The darkness of the 
night was intense (deep) and I did not recognize her. 


116 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESOUN AAIIE. 
VERBS (continued). 
CONTRACT VERBS IN 00. 


402. As remarked in Lesson XVIII., § 307, the vulgar 
idiom avoids the contraction of verbs ending in ow by 
introducing v between the termination and the’ character- 
istic 0, so that these verbs become liquid and end in dve, 
with the aorist in woa. 


403. In the literary language these verbs are contracted 


as follows :— 
ow contracted to o. 


oa, on contracted to ou. 
_0€, 00, oov contracted to ov. 


on contracted to o. 


404. They are conjugated as follows : — 


117 


IN MODERN GREEK. 








—— 


‘ga a0m0ndX mXa vg 


‘(‘(qns ‘said 


‘242 “anmondX aoXya 
‘ya "anmondX mXa 
‘242 ‘momo0ndX vg 
‘249 “v0m.0ndX3 


SMM) 779 ‘@.0ndX vg 


"ed 
ng 
‘dnig 

‘Ped 
‘ny z 
‘10V 
‘ny I 





‘243 
200ndX aoyagh 


B fe) 


‘999 
anoondXa vg 


(400) anoondX9 
(3139) aznoondXa 
(aar/o9) aariaoondX3 
(30) aoondX3 

(s30) saooadX 
(a00) anoondX3 


‘duy 





(amo) amondX 


(139) 200ndX 


(2139) atzaonndX 


(30) aonadX 


(2.09) 10@.0ndX 
(atko) asm ondX 
(aarimg) aarim.ondX 
(49) 200ndX 

(sig) s200ndX 
(m9) mondX 


(1.0009) 19000ndX 
(9199) asnoondX 
(aavlo9) aarigonndX 
(239) 2ooadX 

(s139) s20.0adX 


put J (9) @ondX 


"Sold 





‘ATAIOILYV 





"HAILINIANT 





“HAILVAAINT 





“IVNOILIGNOD 





‘AAILONOALANS 


“AAILVOIGNT 














118 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


405. Like xpvo6 are conjugated in the literary language 
most of the verbs given in Lesson XVIII., § 303, such as: — 


dpyup®, silver, Hpyvpwoa. 
BeBao, assume, éBeBaiwoa. 
d.0p00, arrange, d.HpOwoa. 
éfarhd, spread, éénmdwoa. 
Cypiod, damage, éCnpiwoa. 
Katop0a, succeed, kat wp0woa, 
orepave, crown, éoTepavwca. 
ture, print, eT UTwoa. 
tupro, blind, eTUpAwoa. 
vroxpeo, oblige, brrexpewoa. 


(For further examples see Vocab. X XIX.) 


406. ai dxrives Tod HAlov expvaouv Tas Kopudas Tov dpéwy, 
the rays of the sun were gilding the tops of the 
mountains. 

TO veapov Ledyos éorepavwbn, the young couple were 
crowned (married ). } 
9 ardpacts avrn pe Cyprot worv, this decision causes 


me much damage (loss). 


SIxTH DECLENSION. 


407. The sixth and last declension of Greek nouns 
belongs exclusively to the vulgar idiom. A great many of 
these nouns are of foreign origin. They are masculine 
or feminine ; the masculine ending in as, ys, ovs, es, and the 
feminine in ov. The plural of all these nouns has one 
syllable more than the singular; this syllable is uniformly 


LIN MODERN GREEK. 119 


des for the nominative, accusative, and vocative, and dwyv for 
the genitive, and is simply added to the nominative singular, 
after dropping the final o in the masculine. There is no 


dative. 


408. They are declined as follows : — 


SINGULAR. 
Nom. 6 mamas, priest. O kaées, coffee. 9 GXerov, fox. 
Gen. Tov ama. TOU Kae. THS aAErous. 
Acc. Tov Tamav. TOV Kader. THVv aXerouv. 
Voc. mama. Kae. dXerrov. 

PLURAL. 
Nom. ot wamddes. ot Kadédes. ai dAemovoes. 
Gen. Tdv TaTddwv. TOV Kapéduv. Tov dAErovdur. 
Acc.  Tovs amddes. Tovs Kaedes. Tas aAerovdcs. 
Voc.  mamddes. kaédes. dXerovdes. 


409. In the same way are declined : — 


dpagkas, coachman. 

yararas, milkman. 

Kavatres, Sofa. 

KaTrap.as, Stew. 

kamreXas, hatter. 

kaetlyns, waiter in a coffee- 
house. 


Keptés, meat-ball. 


packapas, masked man, villain. 


patpwov, 9, monkey. 

TWamrovs, grandfather. 

mamrovTons, Shoemaker. 

ratTAwparas, guilt cover 
maker. 

Tevexés, tin. 

revexetlns, tinker. 

ides, vermicellt. 


Ywuas, baker. 


120 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


410. 6 packapas, 70é€Ance va pe yeAaon! the villain, he 
wanted to cheat me / 
kaetly, pepe pe eva xadhev! waiter, bring me a (cup 
of) coffe ! 
aas apécxovv of kepredes; do you like meat-balls ? 


6 marovs Tod ayaka, the coachman’s grandfather. 


EXERCISES. | 


411. Tandara, dépe we &va trotrnpt yada /— Kaderoq/ 
— Ti ériOupeite, Kipie ; —@éddXw &a xadév Bapdv xai 
yAueuv. —’Apécws (immediately) |!|— Davake Tov apa- 
Eav /—"Edepev 6 tratdwpatas TO TatAwpa; “Ox, 
Kupia, 0 marovtons ehepe TA TatTrovTaLa TOD KOpLToLOD. 
—Ti 0a dhaynte arowe (this evening); *Amowe Oa 
payopuev xeptédes kal xpéas xatraua. —"Eyete codrrav ; 
Maniota, éye (there is) covra gidé.— To opi drov 
TOV Wouddov THS Tedews elvar n arrntov (unbaked) 7H 
Kavpévov. — At axtives THS cEAnVNS Hpyvpovy Tas 
kopupas Ttav dévdpwv. — Oi epeis otepavodar Tov 
Baotrtéa.—‘O kvpios odtos éeotepdvwce yOes tHhv Ovya- 
tépa tov.—‘H vwv& é&jmdov tras mrépuyyds ts (her 
wings) éml THs y@pas. —‘H xatadxypnows adtn Snmsot To 
€Ovos peydrws (greatly).— Mé BeBatot sre ovdev 


katop0ot. — Mé siroxpeodte modu, 


IN MODERN GREEK. 121 


412. Waiter, bring me a cup of (€va duTlav) coffee, 
sweet and strong, and a glass of cold water («pvo vepo)! 
—Immediately (auéows)!— What have we to eat to- 
day? We have vermicelli soup (coda gidé), meat- 
balls and (a) stew. — Where is my grandfather? He 
is on (es) the sofa.— All the milkmen of this town 
are villains. — We saw many (7roAXovs) masks at the 
(rds) carnival.— Have you seen our coachman’s mon- 
keys and foxes? — The rays of the sun were gilding 
the tops of the mountains. — What are the workmen 
printing to-day? The whole (6Anv tv) week they will 
be printing your book. — The priest was marrying this 
couple when the lightning (7 aorpazn) blinded him. — 
This decision of the government damages me (makes 
me lose) greatly (7oAv). 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


122 


0140-aV9 








3923-9N? 
"242 19.03-aN Aoyagl. wgang-ays 
10 CLG? 
OSO-GXP 
“249 ‘alirig-ay? Pg alumg-aye | “duy 
1.LA-AV 1D.L40-AY 
99.09-AY agoli-ay BGDO-QN 
vgarin-ay garig-ay 
119.03-AVX milk-ay 10.13-QY 
Ao-ay mol-ny | pasooJ 0203-nV 
soaario-ay ronim-ay |Sutsg uv 7 ‘vorlo-gy | “Seg 
"ATdIOILUV ‘HAILLINIANT ‘AALLVUAIW] “IVNOILIGNOY) ‘PAILONOALANS ‘AALLVOIGNI 


























— :wsipeied Sutmoyjoy oy} ut uses oq Avu se ‘suorjeutuiie} oatssed oy} 
wajs 19doid oy} 03 Zurppe Aq poulioj st sqioA Surpoooid oy} [je JO so10A aArssed ayy, “Erb 


‘aAISS¥g — ‘AomislgnyT 


‘(panutjuo?) SHAT A 


‘“AIXX NOSSUHT 


123 


LN. MODERN GREEK. 























999 Shean ‘fed 
749 ‘lg-ay X32 RO { “and 
249 ‘94a 
‘soagnayay aunlk og ‘soagnl-ayay alin. 
Io 16° 
“2a ‘ugay 40X19 2g “24a ‘ug-ay aoXja | ‘dnyg 
"Iga ‘sodgnlayay 
(mon) rorya ‘4a 
10 ‘soagnl-ayay 10113 
“a4a ‘ugay siXa Io 
Songnl-ayay lgay mXa ‘29a “Ug-ay mX2| ‘prog 
"242 “Lgay OV39 
Io ‘(‘[qns 10% 3y1]) 
‘248 “OO-AN BO | “NY Zz 
en <4 anolig-aV? 
ailg-ay aLlg-ay aLl.g-an3 
aanlmg-ay aanlg-an2 
Gg-axy Lg-an? 
g-ny AOD-AX slig-ay slg-ay2 
5739-AX 242 “Lgay: aoyagl oe N alig-aye | “IOV 
(Ciqus ‘sort 93) | an rt 

















‘ga ‘vonlmM-ay 6 








124 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


414. Nore.— The reduplication of the perfect participle is dropped 
in the vulgar idiom, which says Avuévos for Nedkuuévos. —In the vulgar 
idiom the aorist passive is conjugated as follows: édv@nxa, é€dbOnxes, 
€XVOnKE, EXVOHKapev, EXVOAKaTE, EAVONKaY. 


415. In the same way are conjugated all the pure (vowel) 
verbs given in § 347, the aorist passive being formed by 
changing the termination oa of the active aorist into @nv, and 
in some cases into o@yv. The second aorist ends in nv; 2g. 


416. payerpevoua, be cooked, ewaryerpevO nv. 


morevopat, be believed,  éemvarevOnv. 
iravdpevoua, be married, simavdpedvOnv. 
povevoua, be killed, eovevOnv. 
axovopa, be heard, nKovoOnv. 
KAeloua, be closed, exci Onv. 
katopat, be burned, éxanv (2 Aor.). 


417. Also all the liquid verbs (A, p, v, p) given in §§ 284 
and 303, with frequent modification of the stem ; eg. 


* avayyéAAopat, be announced, avnyyerOnv. 
BarAopa, be put, thrown, eBAnOnv. 
Ceoraivopa (vlg.), de warmed, eLearabnv. 
avyxaipopa, congratulate, ovvexapnv (2 Aor.). 
tpedAaivoua, be maddened, érpedArAdOnv. 
adivopa, be left, apeOnv. 
éfarrAdvopa, spread oneself, eEnmrrAHOnv. 
oredhavovoua, be crowned, married, érrepavoOnv. 
truprovopa, be blinded, eruprAwOnv. 


418. érpedAXAdOn dd Tiv xapav Tov, he was mad with Joy. 
epovevOn ev Mapaban, he was killed at Marathon. 
mpéere va payeipevOn Kadrws, it must be well cooked. 
0 ddeOa éXevOepos, J shall be left free. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 125 


COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 


419. The degree of comparison of adjectives is generally 
indicated by the terminations -repos, -repa, -repov for the 
comparative, and -raros, -rary, -rarov for the superlative, 
which replace the final s of the positive; ¢.g. xkwds, deaf, 
Kwporepos, Kwpdraros. 


420. Adjectives ending in os lengthen o to wo if the pre- 
ceding syllable is short; ¢.g. codds, wise, copwrepos, codw- 
tatos. ‘They keep the o short if the preceding syllable is 
long ; ¢.g. pwpds, foolish, pwporepos, pwpdraros. 


421. Adjectives in ys, «s add the terminations -repos and 
-ratos to the stem in eo-; 4g. ebtuxns, happy, edrvyxéorepos, 
evTuxéaTatos ;  xapias, graceful, yxapiéotepos, yxapiéoraros. 
Adjectives in wv add -eorepos and -eoraros to the stem; e.g. 
evoaipwv, happy, eddapovéeorepos, evdoupovérratos. Adjectives 
ending in ovs simply add the terminations -repos and -raros 
to their nominative; ¢.g. daXots, simple, drdovorepos, arov- 


OTaTOS. 


422. Participles used as adjectives form the comparison 
by prefixing padAAov, more, for the comparative, and padora, 
most, oY apurra, best, for the superlative ; e.g. wemradevpevos, 
educated, padrdov (or mAé€ov) weradevpévos, paddiota memaidev- 
pevos. In familiar conversation this is often done with all 
adjectives. 

| Construction. 


423. Comparatives and superlatives take the genitive in 
the literary language, and the accusative with do or the 
nominative with 4 or zapa in the vulgar idiom; eg. 


The son ts wiser than the father 


may be expressed as follows : — 


126 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


L3 ev > , a ld 
O VLOS ELVAL copwrt €pos TOU TAT POS, 


< 


Or oOo vt 


\ s , ees. s 
OS €lLVQt ToPHTEPOS a7To TOV TAaTEPA, 


c eX > , nv ¢€ , 
Or 0 vlos éivat GoPwTEpOS 7 O TaTNP, 


ex > , we , 
Or 0 vlOS €eivat TOPWTEPOS Tapa O TAaTHp. 


424. The following adjectives are compared irregularly: — 


KaXdds, good, 
kakos, bad, 
puxpos, small, 
Taxus, guick, 


mAnoios, near, 


KaAyTEpos,? KdAduoros and apioros. 
4 4, / 

XELPOTEpOS, Kaxiotos and xeipioros. 
/ 2 hes : 

PLKpOTEpos, €AaXLoT os. 

TAXUTEPOS, TAXLOTOS. 


, , 
mAnoLteoTEpos, mANoLETTATOS. 


piros, friendly, dear, pidrrtepos, pirtraros. 


peéyas, great, big, 
modvs, much, 


peyaAnTepos,® reyes. 


Tepioootepos,*  mA€ioros. 


425. The last two adjectives are declined irregularly, 
some of their cases being formed from the obsolete peyddAos 
(still used in the vulgar idiom) and zwoAAds. They are de- 
clined as follows: — 


Masc. Sing. péyas, peyddov, peydrdw, péyav, méya. 
Plur. peyddAou, efc., regular. 

Fem.  peyddy, regular throughout. 

Neut. Sing. jpéya, peydAov, peyddw, méya, péya. 
Plur. peyddAa, evc., regular. 

Mase. Sing. 7oAvs, roAXAod, ToAAG, TOA, TOAD. 
Plur. oddoit, efc., regular. 

Fem. moAAy, regular throughout. 

Neut. Sing. oAv, roAXAod, TOAAG, OAV, TONY. 
Plur. roAAd, etc., regular. 

1 Or xadXlrepos. 8 Lit. weltwr. 


2 Lit. é\doowr, 4 Lit. rrelwv. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 127 


426. clvac xadyrepos Tod peyadyrépov ddeAhod tov, he is 
better than his bigger brother. 

ai “A@ynvor civac peyadntépa mods Tod Tetpauds (ard 

tov Iepad, 7 6 Iepaets), Athens is a bigger town 


than the Piraeus. 


EXERCISES. 


427. ‘O yetuov jv (7T0) Bap’tatos, aAN ai yidves 
dieAvOnoav évwpitata. —"Hro péyas avnp, adra duorTv- 
yéoratos. —To vdwp eivat TO apiotov THY dwpwv THS 
pvoews. —"HOerev axovaobh 1» pwvyn tod yarTov, éav dév 
eiye KrevoOn evTds (within) ths oikias tov. — Kiva 
amdovaTaTov Kal éXdytoTov Tpayua, AAX’ adrnOécraror. 
—"Oxt, pirtate aderAPe, 0 TWAOVaLwMTEpos Sév eivat Trav- 
TOTE Kal evdatmovéarepos. —‘H médis avtn eivar peifov 
mdons adAns (any other) év ’Apepixn (in America), 
adrAa morv tov Aovdivou éXadcawv. —’AvnyyérOn npiv 
(to us)  omovdaoTatn eldnois OTL 6 KaKLoTOS EéKEtVOS 
avOpwrros apéOn érevGepos.—‘O dvaorvyéotatos pidos 
Bas éTuprAWOn Kal n avbuyds Tov (his wife) éTperrdOn. — 
‘H acbéveca éEntrA@On Tayicta éf BANS (over all) Ths 
xyopas.—‘H Kovortavtivottods civat n peyadrntépa 
mods THS ’AvatoAns. — Luveydpynv tov pirov pov ditt 
eOcpatrevOn évteXa@s. — Mia yedida@v dév kapver THY advot- 


Ev (spring). 


128 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


428. The voice of the orator was heard at (ets) a very 
great distance. — The best educated man is not always 
the wisest. — It is very true (neuter) that the poorer 
(man) is often (7roAXd«s) happier than the richer. — 
We were married yesterday evening (To éo7épas). — 
The priest of this village married us. — Dearest father, 
_the news announced (aor. fem. participle) to our friends 
that you were completely (€vreX@s) cured, was heard 
with (wera, gen.) the greatest joy.— This street is 
broader and longer than that one (éxefvyns).— He is 
worse than his brother.— He was maddened and 
blinded by love. — What very great thing is contained 
in a very small one? Man’s mind in his body. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 129 


LESSON XXV. 


VERBS (continued). 
Aorist Passive. 


429. It was remarked in the last lesson (§ 415) that the 
aorist passive of pure verbs is formed from the active by 
changing the termination oa to @yv. In mute verbs the 
letter 6, being an aspirate, often modifies the characteristic 
which precedes it; the smooth and middle z-mutes (7, £) 
and x-mutes (x, y) to their respective aspirates @ and yx; and 
the dental mutes (7, 5, 6) and @, ox, rr, oo, to o, except in 
those verbs in fw, oxw, trw, gow, given in § 250, which 
have originally a palatal characteristic; 4g. 


430. dvaxadAvrropa, be discovered, dvexadipOnv. 
dvotyopa, be opened, — dvotxOnv.* 
dA\XAdooopa, be changed, HAAGXOnv. 
aropacilopa, be decided, arrepacia Onv. 
diatrdooopa, be ordered, SieraxOnv. 
diddoKxopa, be taught, €5:0axOnv. 
Gavpalopa, be admired, eOavpacOnv. 
kpvrtopat, be hidden, hide myself, éxpvBnv.” 
A€yopa, be said, €déxOnyv.* 
wéeurropat, be sent, ereupOnv. 
mailopa, be played, eral Onv. 
meiOoua, be persuaded, érreio Onv. 
bBpiLopo, be insulted, bBpicOnv. 


1 Lit. qvewdyOnv. 2 Second aorist. 8 Also lit. éppénp. 


130 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


"A pO untixd. — NUMERALS. 


431. Cardinal. Ordinal. 


ieee he ee TpOTOos. 
aaa vw. 7 ie devrepos. 
ie Tpia. Ba ..... TpiTos. 
4 ...... résoapa.” 4th ...... rerapTos. 
5 ...... WEVTE. 5th ...... w€umrros. 
Bean 2.8 6th ...... €xTOS. 
7 ...... €rvas 7th ...... €Bdopos. 
8 ...... dxrw.® 8th ...... dydoos. 
9 ...... évvéa. 9th ...... €vvaros. 
10 ...... déxa. 10th ...... déxaros. 
5 eee evoeka. 1th =... évO€eKarTos. 
12 ...... d@dexa. 12th ...... dwd€xaros. 
13 ...... dexarpia. 13th ...... déxaros Tpiros. 
14 ...... Sexarécoapa. — 14th ...... Séxaros TéTapTos. 
20 023 elKoot. 20th ...... eixooT os. 
21 ...... eikoou &. piet 55. eikooTOs TpOTos. 
22 ...... ekoot vw. 22 ae eixooros Sevrepos. 
30 ...... rpudkovra.® 30th ...... TpiaKkooT ds. 
kt eas TpidKovta. ev." sist ts... TplaKOOTOS TpPOTOs. 
40 ...... rercapdxovra.® 40th ...... reroapaxoords. 
50 ...... mevryKovra.” 50th ...... revrnKoords. 
rT oie éEjxovta.!” 60th ...... éEnxoor ds. 
70 ...... €BSouynKxovra.™ 70th ...... €BdopnKxoords. 
1 Vig. toa. 5 Vig. éyré. 9 Vig. revfvra. 
2 Vig. réocepa. 6 Vg. rpidvra. 0 Vg. é&fvra. 
8 Vig. eu. 7 Vig. rpidvra eva. 1 Vig. éBdoufvra. 


* Vig. éprd, 8 Vig. capdvra, 


IN MODERN 


Cardinal. 
SOS bySor}xovra.? 
| evvevnKOVTa..” 
100 ...... éxartov.® 
BOG si duaKdcta. 
SO sigs? T plaKOota. 
400 ...... TeTpakdowd. 
500 ...... mevrakoowa. 
600 ...... éEakooa. 
DO o. ETTAKOCLO. 
800 ...... xTaKkdcva. 
900 ».5.¥. eVVEAKOCLO. 
1000 ...... xiAua. 
2000 ...... dvw yurddes. 
1,000,000 ...... €y Exaroppupuov. 


GREEK. 131 
Ordinal. 

80th ...... dySonkoards. 
90th ...... évvevnkoor ds. 
100th ...... Exatooros. 
200th ...... Saxoovoor ds. 
300th ...... rpraxoctogrds. 
400th ...... rerpaxocioords. 
500th ...... TEVTAKOTLOOT OS. 
600th ...... éEaxoo.ocTos. 
700th ...... ETTAKGOLOGTOS. 
800th ...... OKTAKOOLOG TOS. 
900th ...... €VVEAKOO LOOT OS. 

1000th ...... XtALoor ds. 

2000th ...... ducxAvogr ds. 

1,000,000th ...... EKATOMMUPLOOTOS. 


Last ...... reXevraios. 


432. Of the cardinal numbers, &, rpéa, and réocapa are 


declined as follows : — 


Masc. 
Nom. ets (vlg. eas). 
Gen.  Evds. 7 
Dat. évé. 
Acc. eva (vlg. evay). 


MaAsc. AND Fem. NEvtT. 


Nom. pels. Tpia. 
Gen. Tprav. TpLov. 
Dat. puoi. Tpiot. 
Acc. Tpeis. T pia. 


1 Vig. éyddvra, dydoqvra, 


Fem NeEuT. 

pia ev (vig. eva). 

pas. évds. 

pa. évi. 

pilav. ev (vlg. eva). 

Masc. AND Fem. NEvT. 
TETTApES. Técoapa. 
TEToapwv. TETTApwv. 
Técoapot.  Téooapor. 
Técoapas. Técoapa. 
2 Vig. évveviivra, 8 Vig. éxaré, 


132 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


433- Twenty-one, thirty-one, e/c., are declined like one. 
— Two hundred, three hundred, e/c., are declined according 
to the second declension, diaxdcvor, Suaxociwv, duaxoaiors, etc. 


434. Numbers ending in yArddes or Exatoupvpia take in 
the literary language the genitive, and in the vulgar idiom 
the nominative ; ¢.g. d¥w xiArades avdpGv (avdpes). 

435. One half is ypovs, jpioea, ypov (vig. purds, pon, 
pod). — One and a half is eis xai nysovs, pia Kai pica, ec. 
(vlg. évdpuovs, pidpion, évdaprov).— Two and a half is dvw kai 
nyo (vlg. Svar, efc.). 

436. Per cent (%) is expressed by rots éxarév; eg. 8%, 
OxTW Tois ExaTov. 

437 Ordinal numbers are declined regularly according 
to the second declension. 


438. Adstract numerals end in ds, and are declined ac- 
cording to the third declension ; ¢.g. 
povas, a unit. 
duds, a couple. 
tpids; dexds; Swoexds, a dozen, ete. 


éBdouas, from the ordinal €Bdouos, means a week. 


439. Proportional numerals end in mAois or wAdouos; 2.2. 
dmdovs, simple; Surrovs, SimrAdovos, double; rpirdods, Tpt- 
mrao.os, triple, ete. 

These numerals are formed from the adjective dzAois, 
simple, and the adverbs Sis, rpis, twice, thrice, etc. 


440. Similar adverbs are also 
moadkis, how often (vig. rdcas hopdas). 
dodkis, as often (vlg. daas popds). 
rocaxis, So often (vlg. récas hopds). 


mohAdxis, very often (vig. roAAds gopds). 


IN MODERN GREEK. 133 


441. The days of the week are 


Kvpiaxy (Lord’s day). . . . Sunday. 
Aevrépa (Second day). . . . Monday. 
Tpirn (Third day) .... . Yuesday. 
Terapty (Fourth day). . . . Wednesday. 
Iléurrn (Fifth day). . . . . Thursday. 
Ilapackevy (Preparation day) Friday. 
YdBBarov (Sabbath) . . . . Saturday. 
442. The names of the months are 

*Iavovapios. Médios. Serre Bpros. 
PeBpovdpros. *Tovvos. "OxrwBpros. 
Maptuos. *TovAuos. NoéuBpios. — 
*AmpiAtos. Avyovotos.  Aexéufpios. 


443. The date is expressed by the dative of the ordinal 
numeral of the day of the month, the month being in the 
genitive, and the year in cardinal numbers. The day of 
the week is placed at the end in the accusative; ¢.g. 

TH cixooty méeumtTy AmpiAiov xidva dxTaKkdowa €ikoot 
e€, nuepav Kupiaxyny. 
Sunday, the 25th of April, 1826. 


In the literary language, the year is often expressed by 
ordinal numbers, the word érovs being understood; e.g. 
TOD XtALOGTOU GKTaKoTLOGTOD ExTov (TOUS), OF 


Kata TO xiALoorov éKxTakoc.ogTov Extov (éros). 
The hour is expressed in the feminine, the word opa 
being understood ; e.g. 
eis Tas Era, at seven o'clock. 
eis THhv pony, at half-past twelve. 
eis Tas Sudpucr, at half-past two. 


134 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


444. “H érevdepia rijs ‘EXXdSdos exnptyOn TH 25 Map- 
tiov 1521, nuépav Kupiaxnv.—‘H Kovortavtivovrors 
KaternpOn (was taken) imo tav Tovpxwv tH 29 Maiov 
1453. — Ot ywpodvraxes cuvédaBov tods KrA€rTas Katou 
(although) obro. hoav tpimddovo ad’t@v.—‘H Ovpa dev 
nvotyeto, ovdels (nobody) épaiveto, date (so that) amreth- 
Tia@n éevTeaas Kai éppipOn eis THY Pdraccav iva TMH. 
—‘O mparos dotts (who) mpocerdbnce va Aovaby év 
tots Baburatos TovTos vdacw éemviyn apéows. —“T Bpi- 
aOn Sis kal tpis, oddév (nothing) amavtav, dote Tap’ 
drAov OavyacOn 7 tropovn Tov. — "EyevvnOn tHv Kupia- 
knv, €BamrricOn thv Aevtépav, aréave tiv Tpitny Kal 
éradn tiv Teraprnv. — Ildowv érapv eivat n Ovyarnp cas ; 
Eivas SexacE éerav cal tpidv pnvav.— Las Trepipévo 
avplov TO éomépas eis Tas éemtd, dua va hayopev ood 
(together). — Ilolav (ri) @pav é€vrvate To pai (in the 


morning); To wpwi éEvrrve eis tas eve. 


445. 17 brigands were hidden in the forest, 41 sol- 
diers were sent to attack them ; 16 were taken, but the 
17th managed to hide himself and was not found. — 
I was ordered by (vd, gen.) the doctor to wash myself 
three times a day (gen.). — This island was discovered 
on the 31st of August, 1892.— The Greek language 
was taught twice a week (gen.), on Tuesday and Satur- 
day (acc.).—— The enemy was three times more numer- 


IN MODERN GREEK. 135 


ous (TprmAdovos) than we (7uev), but the moment (dua 
ws) we were ordered, we threw ourselves upon them 
(xar’ avtov) twice and thrice,! so that they were entirely 
dispersed. 


1 Greek phrase used instead of repeatedly. 


A PRACTICAL METHOD 


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138 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


*Avtwvuptiar. — Pronouns. 


451. The jersonal pronouns are declined as follows : — 


First PERSON. SECOND PERSON. 
SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
Nom. éy. nes.” ov.* bpeis.® 
> cal 4 Lal 3 nw c Lal 7 
Gen. €pov. Npov. gov. UPLOV. 
Dat. poi. npiv.® col. bpiv.! 
Acc. épeé.} npas.® o¢.° bpas.” 


452. The third person is replaced by the pronoun airos, 
airy, avTd, which is declined regularly. In the literary lan- 
guage, instead of atrds, the demonstrative pronoun ovTos, 
avTy, TovTo is used, the declension of which was given in 
§ 259. For objects at a distance, éxeivos, éxeivy is used. 


453- In the vulgar idiom, when these pronouns are inti- 
mately attached to some verb or noun, they are declined as 
follows : — 


First PERSON. SECOND PERSON. 
a SINGULAR. PLURAL, SINGULAR. PLURAL, 
Nom — — ans ae 
Gen. pov. pas. gov. oas. 
Dat. pot. pas. col. cas. 
Acc. pe. pas. oe. oas. 
_ Tutrp PeErson. 
SINGULAR, PLURAL. 
MASC. FEM. NEUT. MASC. FEM. NEUT. 
Nom. — — — — — — 
Gen. ov. THs. ToD. tov.® Tov. Tov. 
Dat. Tq. TH: TO. Tots. Tas. Tots. 
/ 4 4 4 , / 
Acc. Tov. THV. TO. TOUS. Tas. Ta. 
1 Vig. éuéva. 4 Vig. éov. 7 Vig. ods, éoas. 
2 Vig. éuets. 5 Vig. éod, éoéva. 8 Or robs. 


8 Vig. éuas. 6 Vig. ceis, éceis. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 139 


Construction. 


454. The nominative of the personal pronouns is ex- 
_ pressed only when it is necessary to draw attention to the 
person ; 4g. | 

nArAOov, L came. 


éy 7AOov kai dx adtos, [ came and not he. 


The oblique cases of these pronouns always precede the 
verb, except in the imperative ; e.g. 
ot Brew, J sce you. to eirov, L told him. 


eiré prow, tell me. 


455. When two pronouns in different cases accompany a 
verb, the one in the accusative (the direct object of the verb) 
is placed second; e.g. 


dds pou TO, give it tome. pol Td édwxe, he gave it to me. 
When the particles 6a, va, av, ds, etc., precede the verb, . 
the personal pronouns are placed after the particle; e.g. 


6a pot 76 eiry, he will tell it to me. 


456. The pronoun airds and the demonstratives opros 
and éxeivos are placed either before or after the noun; e.g. 
avtos (ovT0s) 6 dvOpwros, Or 6 avOpwros adtds (ovTOS), 

this man. 


457- In the vulgar idiom, the genitive of the personal 
pronouns (ov, gov, Tov, efc.), which has a possessive signifi- 
cation, can be placed either after the substantive or after 
the adjective which belongs to the substantive ; e.g. 


6 musTds pov diros, Or 6 moTds Pidos pov, 


my faithful friend. 


140 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


458. Tivos civar » otkia attn; ‘Hyov. — Elva a 
oxla pas. — Tis ods To elev; Mas 70 eirrev 1) adeXdpn) 
pas.— Leis 7 0 abdedpds cas eotepavelnte YO; 
Outre éy@ ovTe 6 adeAdds pou, AAN 1 adeAPH pas. — 
To catwpOace; Acv td yvapito.— as evyapict@ xal 
oaS Tapakar® va pe ayarate.—Tives Enusodvtar eis 
Thy wToGecww tavTnv; “Tyeis kal rpeis.— Kal npeis 
EnurovpeBa Kai ceis Snprodabe. —Tis édwcev (or &axer, 
gave) tiv Thy émiatoAnyv TavTnv; ‘O dmrnpérns pov pol 
Thy édwoev. — Eitrate eis Tov aderddv cas Ott érriOupa 


va tov ido; Aév T@ TO eitrov, dude Sév Tov eidov. 


459. Whose (rivos) house are you looking for (seek- 
ing, Sntette)? Yours. Your house. — Whose brother 
was knocked (down)? Ours. Our brother. — Whom 
(riva) did he strike? Me. He struck me.— Whom 
is he crowning ? —Them. — He would have been crown- 
ing him, if he loved him. — Has he managed it (well) ? 
I do not know (it). — Your brother told her that he 
would leave. —I thank you for your kindness (kado- 
ovvn). —I beg you not to misunderstand me. — Who 
lives in this house? I.—TI kissed her and told her 
that I loved her. — He is loved by the good and hated 
by the bad. — This affair (i7ré@eous) was discussed by 
us (7rap’ nov), and it was decided to take off (substract) 
the half of your debt.— Were you or (was) your brother 
punished? Neither I nor my brother was punished, 
but our sister. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 141 


\ 


LESSON XXVII. 
VERBS (continued). 
IRREGULAR VERBS. 


460. The following is a list of the most commonly used 
irregular verbs of the Modern Greek language : — 


addjvew or adive (from ddinut), leave, let be: fut. 0 adjoo, 
aor. abyoa and ddjxa; imv. pres. aes, dere, aor. aye, 
adjoare; aor. pass. adéOnv. 

Bréro, see: fut. 04 i8w, aor. ov; imv. ise and id€ (vig. d<¢, 


fut. 6a 5.0). 


yivopar, become, be done: fut. 6a yive, aor. éywa (or 64 yeivo, 
éyeva). 

Secxvdw (from deckvupn), show: fut. 0a defEw, aor. ego. 

8/8w (from dbwum; vig. divw), give: fut. 04 décw, aor. Bwoa 
and édwxa; imv. pres. d/de, aor. dace, and in the literary 
language dds, ddre. 

clipart, be: imperf. nun (conjugation given in §§ 51 and 77). 
It is necessary to know also the classical CONUS AHO 
which is still much’ used in writing: pres. ind. «ipé, 
el, éori, éopev, éoré, cioi, subj. 3, Fs, 7, Oper, Dre, dor, 
imv. é0, écrw, éore, éorwoav, inf. evar, partic. wy, 
ovca, Ov; imperf. Hv, Hs, Hv, Nev, nte, nv; fut. evopar, 
éon, éoerar (eora), eooucba, erecOaur, évovra, inf. écecGar, 
partic. éodpuevos, écopevyn, Eo dpevov. 

épBaivw (vig. pratvw), enter: fut. 04 éuBw, aor. eu Pica, 
imv. é4Ba. In the same way Byaivw (from é«Baiww), go 
out; 04 éByw, éBynxa, éBya. 


142 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


épxopat, come: fut. 0a €\Ow, aor. 7rAPov, imv. édX\Oé, and 
vig. €Aa, €AGre. In the same way é&épyoua, go out; 
eioepxouat, go in, ete. 

Oérw (from rtiOnur), place, put: fut. 04 Oéow, aor. eeca; 
pres. pass. Géroyar and riWepa, fut. 64 re0G, aor. éreOnv. 

KdOnpat, sit: fut. 04 Kabiow, aor. éxdfica (or 64 Kabyow, 
éxdOynoa); aor. pass. éxabéaOnv. 

KkaX, call: pres. pass. xadodpou, fut. 04 KAnOG, aor. éxAHOnv. 
In the same way zpocxad@, invite; davaxar0, recall ; 
erikadovpat, invoke ; ovyxad@, convoke; ete. 

AapBavea, get, receive: fut. 04 AaBw, 2 aor. éAaBov. 

A€yw, say, tell: fut. 04 exw, aor. elrov; aor. pass. éppeOnv 
and éd€xOnv. 

mynyaivw and irayw, go: fut. 0a imdyw, aor. timjya (vig. 
érjya), imv. ryyave and vraye. 

wintw, fall: fut. 0a réow, aor. éreca. 

pirrw, throw: fut. 04 pipw, aor. éppupa (vig. 0a piv, eppréa). 

onkovopar, get up: fut. 64 onxwO, aor. éonxadOnv, imv. 
oHKw, TnkwOyTE. 

oréxopat (from iornu), stand: fut. 04 cra8G, aor. éordOnv. 

gupBaivec (impersonal), zt happens: fut. 64 cuvpBy, aor. 
ovveBn. 

€. pexo, *vunN ? I AOr. érpega, 2 aor, dpapov. 

Tvyxavo, chance, happen: 2 aor. érvxov. 

paivopat, appear: fut. 0a hava, 2 aor. épavnv. 

pevyw, go away: fut. 04 piyw, 2 aor. épvyov. 

xaipopar and yalpw, rejoice, be glad: fut. 64 xapa, 2 aor. 
éxdpnv; pres. imv. yaipe, xatpere, partic. xalpwv, xaipovea, 
xaipov (vlg. xapovpevos). 

(See Vocab. XXX.) 


IN MODERN GREEK. 143 


461. A great many Greek verbs are conjugated according 
to the passive voice, although their signification is active or 
neuter. Such are 


drroKkpivopaL, answer. 
adikvovpat, arrive. 

> A 
evOvpovpoa, remember. 
evtperopa, be ashamed, 
Epxopar, come. 

»” . 
evxopat, wish. 
dexouar, recezve. 
dvvapo, can. 


KaOnpar, Sét. 


katayivopat, be occupied in. 


Keipat, lie. 

Kivoupat, be in motion. 

Koipapor (vig. Kormodpar), 
sleep. 

Avrovpat, be sorry. 

paxopa, fight in battle. 

peraxerpilopar, use. 


épyilopar, get angry. 


épxilopa, swear. 
mapadexoua, accept. 
maparovovpa, complain. 
mepirovovpar, treat well. 
oéBopa, respect. 
oxérropa, think, 
oréxopat, stand, 
avAdoyilopua, think. 
ocvrAvrotpat, condole. 
cvvevvoovpat, come to an 
understanding. 
broAnmropa, esteem. 
brdcxopa, Promise. 
paivopo, appear. 
havralopar, imagine. 
hoBodtya, be afraid. 
xperdLopar, require. 
Wevdoua, le, tell lies. 


(See Vocab. XXXII.) 


462. In the vulgar idiom, verbs in dyw, éyo, aye, drop 
the y, and also the following vowel or diphthong when this 
is followed by a consonant. Verbs in afw drop in the same 
case the vowel or diphthong following a. For instance, the 
verbs Aalto, cry; €yw, say; Tpbyw, cat; Oa dayw, L shall eat, 
are conjugated as follows : — 


144 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


KAaiw, Kats, KAale, KATE, KAaire, kAaiv (for xAalovv). 

A€w, AEs, A€er, Aue, A€re, Ay (for A€Eyovr). 

TPWW, TOs, TpwEL, TPGyE, TPaTE, Tpav (for Tpwyovr). 

6a paw, 0a pas, 0a dan, 04 pape, Oa pare, 04 hav 
(for 6a pdyovv). 


PRONOUNS (continued). 


463. The Jossessive pronouns are 


> / > / > / 2 

ends, en, mov, mine. 

HMETEPOS, NMETEPA, HMETEPOV, OUF. 
td a / ig 

aos, on, adv, thine. 

e id e , 3 Ld 

bpmerepos, twerepa, derepov, your. 


avtov, Ais, its; airns, her; abrav, their. 


464. In the vulgar idiom, these nouns are generally 
replaced by 6 idixds pov, 6 idikds cov, 6 idiKds Tov, my own, 
thy own, etc. 


465. REMARK.— The possessive pronouns are often replaced by 
the genitive of the personal pronoun ; ¢.g. 6 olkés you for 6 éuds olkos, my 
house ; 6 dbedpbs Twv for 6 abr&v aderpds, their brother, etc. 


466. The interrogative pronoun is 


ris; (masc, and fem.), ré; (neut.),— gen. rivos; and in the 
vulgar idiom, zroios ; rota; rotov; who? what? 
ri often replaces all genders and numbers; e.g. 
ti ddxpva! what tears / 
ti cupBovras Stv 7d éwxa! what advice did I not give 
him! 


IN MODERN GREEK. 145 


467. The indefinite and relative pronouns are 
tis, Tl, amy; gen. Twos. 
Kate (Kav t.), something. 
dots, Tis, dt1, who (gen. ovtivos, HoTWos, ovTLVos, 
each part being declined separately). 


doricdnmore, HTLTOHnTOTE, STLOHTOTE, Whoever. 


468. In the vulgar idiom, doris is replaced by 6 dzoios, 
9 Omoia, TO broiov, who, and doricdyrote by dbrovocdyrore, 


drovadnmore, Srovovonmore, Whoever. 


drov (or é70d, Or rod), that (indeclinable), often replaces 
in the vulgar idiom all genders and numbers of the relative 
pronoun (not to be confounded with the adverbs wot; where? 


. 


mov, there); ¢.g. 
0 TwoTapos Srov TpExel, the river that runs. 
9 KOpn dmov Aatpevw, the girl that I adore. 
€xeivot Orrov €yovot, those that say. 
ovdeis, ovdeuia, oddev in the literary language, and xaveis, 
kappia, xavey in the vulgar idiom, signify xodody. 
PepiKol, pepikai, pepiKd, SOME; CL. 
peptkot avOpwro1, some men. 
pepixa tpdypara, some things. 
Kdro.os, Kdzrowa, Karovov in the vulgar idiom, somebody. 
6, 9, TO deiva (indeclinable), some person. 


469. Other pronouns of guantity, quality, etc., are 
moaos; how much? roécos, so much. daos, as much. 
TOLOUTOS, TOLAYTH, TOLODTO, Such a ONE. 

TOTOUTOS, TOTAUTH, TOTOUTO, SO great. 
O éavTds pov, 6 éavtds cov, etc., myself, thyself. 
dAXos, another. adXydou, each other. 


4 e , 4 
ETEPOS, ETEpA, ETEpov, Other. 


146 A PRACTICAL METHOD 
470. To which may be added the adjectives 


dAos, dAy, dArov, all. 
dAOKAnpos, 6, 9, SAOKAnpov, 76, entire, the whole. 
mas (gen. ravrds), maca, wav, every one, all. 


Aourds, Aourol, the rest, etc. 


EXERCISES. 


471. Tis (qotos) eivar eis tov xhrov; “H aderdy 
pou Kal » vpetépa (7 touKy oas). —"Eda éd@, Ti OéreXLs ; 
*"Exeivos daTvs (0 omoios, Strov) pol eimre va EXOw evTadOa 
(€5@) yuopiva ti Snra. — Aéye, tives (rotor) éexrAHnOnoav 
va kaOnowow eis THY TpaTefav Tod Bactréws ; OiTiveo- 
Sntmote (oTrotoldnmote) Kal av (Kav) dot (they may be), 
0a KaOnowow exei brrov (where) tTeOdor. — Kiva idiKds 
aas (upérepos) 6 tartos odtos ; Madota, eivar tduKds pov 
(€uds). — Dalverar BéBarov btu 6 pirdos pas Sév nKovoe 
Tas cuuBovras Tas omrolas (adoTivas, OTrov) TO ed@xKaTe. 
— Ti éyevav of aderpol cas; ‘Triyav eis tHv oikiav 


tov. — IInyaive va dns ti dpa eivar! —Xnjkw Kal pvye 


472. Leave him alone (quiet, 7ovyov), whoever he 
may be («at dv eivar).— Who told you this? Your 
father told it to ours. — Who is going to (the) town? 
He who came yesterday.— They gave me the books 
which they had got this morning (o7pepov 70 pai). — 
I am ashamed to see you sitting when all the rest are 


IN MODERN GREER. 147 


standing. — Come here and tell me if this is yours! 
No, it is not mine, it is theirs. — What o'clock (ré dpa) 
is it? It is half-past seven (erTad kat yon). — Those 
that were invited came and sat at his table. — What has 
become (of) the letter which I threw into the garden? 
The wind took it (ro émnpe) and it fell into the river.— 
I received your letter and I come to tell you that I am 
ashamed of you (6’ buds). — What ? 


148 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


‘LESSON XXVIII. 


II poféorers. — PREPOSITIONS. 


473. The prepositions of the Modern Greek language 
are the following : — 
dvti, ao, éx, mpd, which take the genitive. 
év, avv, which take the dative. 
ava, eis, which take the accusative. 
did, eri, KaTd, peta, Tapa, wept, vr, brép, which take 
either the genitive or the accusative. 
mpos, which takes either the dative or the accusative. 


We will examine each of these in the above order. 


474. 1. With the Genitive. 


avri (before a vowel with the aspirate dv6’), instead of: 
e.g. dvt éuov, instead of me. 

a6 (before a vowel with the aspirate a¢’), from, by, since: 
e.g. ar “A@nvav cis Tepaia, from Athens to the Piraeus; 
tov éAaBev aad THs xepos, he took him by the hand; awd 
Tov mapeAOdvros pnvos, since last month. In the vulgar 
idiom a7é always take the acc.; ¢g. awd tas “AOnvas, 
ard THY xéipa, ard Tov mapeAOdvTa pjva. 

éx (before a vowel é&), of, from: e.g. éx adypov, made of iron; 
macxe. €x robdypas, he suffers from gout ; rev éx Tarpay, 
he came from Patras; é& éxeivov rod xpovov, from that 
time; eis éx tov Siw, one of the two. 

apo, before, in front of: e.g. mpd mwavrds adXov, before every- 
thing else; mpo tis oixias, in front of the house. pd 
does not suffer elision in composition; ¢.g. mpdodos, 
progress. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 149 


475 2. With the Dative. 

év, in, into: ¢.g. év TO Koopy, in the world; év rovrous, in the 
meantime. In composition the v becomes yp before 
B, =, ; it becomes y before x, y, x; and before A, p, p 
it changes into one of these letters ; ¢.g. éuBaivo, éurizro, 
euputov, éyKavxnua, Eyyapos, éyxeipidvov, €AAnueviLopar, 
Eupavys, €ppartw. 

ovv, with: ¢g. ow ipiv, with you. In composition the v 
changes as in év; ¢.g. oupPaiva, ovyyevys, ocvAdoyn, 
ouppon, etc. 

476. 3. With the Accusative. 

dvd, dy: eg. ava eis, one by one; ava dvw, two by two. Also 
over in the sense of space; ¢.g. ava macav tiv xwpay, 
over the whole land. 

eis, to, in, at: e.g. imayw «is *AOnvas, L go to Athens ; érecev 
eis THV Oddaccay, he fell into the sea; jpnv «is TO Oearpov, 
I was at the theatre; cipeba cis tod Tewpyiov (rHv oixiar), 
we were at George’s (house). 


477- 4. With the Genitive and the Accusative. 

dia (vig. ya). 1. With gen., dy, through, with: eg. AAGe da 
Oaraoons, he came by sea; dindOe dia THS woAEws, he passed 
through the town. 2. With acc., for: e.g. ar@ave Ova 
tHv warpioa, he died for his country; avexdpnoe dua Kép- 
xupav, he left for Corfu. 3. With the subj., 7 order to: 
e.g. 8a va idw, 22 order to see. 

éi (before a vowel with the aspirate é¢’). 1. With gen., 
on, at the time of: eg. torata éri ths yepvpus, he ts 
standing on the bridge; éni ’AXeavdpov rot Meyarov, 
at the time (or under the reign) of Alexander the Great. 
2. With acc., during: ¢.g. éxi tpia érn, during three years. 
"Ezi is also sometimes used with the dative to indicate 
the condition, eZc. 


150 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


xata (before a vowel with the aspirate xa@’). 1. With gen., 
against: é.g. Kata Tov éxOpod, against the enemy. 2. With 
acc., according to, about: e.g. kata Thy cupBovdrAnV Gas, 
according to your advice; xa’ a réyeus, according to what 
you say; wat’ éxeivovs Tovs Kapovs, about (in) those times. 


peta (before a vowel with the aspirate yeO’). 1. With gen., 
with: e.g. pet adbtov, with him (in the vulgar idiom this 
preposition is written pé, and always takes the acc.; 
eg. pe abrov, with him). 2. With acc., after: eg. per 
avtov, after him; peta tpeis ypepas, after three days. 

mapa. 1. With gen., from: eg. 76 &daBov rap’ aitod, J received 
it from him. 2. With acc., by, against, less: e.g. mapa 
thv Oaraccay, by the sea; mapa pow, contrary to nature ; 
pia wpa mapa Siw Aerra, one hour less two minutes ; mapa 
tTéraptov, a guarter to. 

wept. 1. With gen., about, on: e.g. dur epi Opnoxeias, he 
is speaking on religion. 2. With acc., about, around: 
e.g. pepe taviav wept tHv Kehadrynv, he wears a riband 
around the head. (Wepi does not lose the « before a 
vowel in composition ; ¢.g. wepiepyos, curious. 

tao (before a vowel with the aspirate i¢’). 1. With gen., 
by: ag. €otddn id Tod Tewpyiov, it was sent by George. 
2. With acc., under: eg. ims tHv ynv, under the earth. 

iwép. 1. With gen., for: e.g. woAdened iwép ratpidos, he fights 
Sor his country; evxopar trép ths byeias cov, L wish for 
your (good) health. 2. With acc., above, more than: 
e.g. COavpacOn irép mavras, he was admired above all; 
iztp tiv ynv, above the earth; jhoav brép rods dwdexa, 
they were more than twelve. 


478. 5. With the Dative and the Accusative. 


mpos. 1. With dat., next to; eg. mpos tovros, next to these. 
2. With acc., towards; e.g. mpos “Avarodds, towards the 
Last. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 151 


EXERCISES. 


479. “Erece kata tTHv waynv tov Mapadavos, mrode- 
Lav wep tatploos, Kat éradyn ev’ AOnvats i170 THY oKLAaV 
Tod vaovd Tov AOnoéws. — Mer avrov 7AOov tpeis otpa- 

nr 9-85 % > a Lg > > a 8 / 
Tiatat meO” évos a&tmpatixod, eis €E avTaV ATO GUY yErNS 
pov. —’ Amo Tod trapeXOdvtos pnvos tmacye ex SipOepi- 


T1605. —’Emi Nazondéovtos tod mpwtou épovevOnaav év 





TOAEM@ UTép TO ExaTOMpUpLOV avdpav.—’ Amro THS oTLY- 
n > / \ by \ ” > / x \ a 
uns éxelvns mept ovdevos aAAov é€oKxerrTéunv yn TeEpl THS 
iryetas ou. — To Ethos TovTo eivat éx yaduBos Kal apyv- 
pov. —’Avaywpnoas é« Maccarias 7AGev eis Ietpara 


dia Oardoons. — [po tovtov éXaBe twrapa Tov Baciréws 





xpucny taiviav nv EBare wept THY Kehbarynv.— ‘Tro THv 
/ 7 al e € \ / , ‘ 
TeTpav TavTHY KElTaL O UTEp TraTpioos Tecwv. — IIpos 
"Avatonras THS TeOdEwS toTaTat Adhos ef’ Od (etal) Sévdpa 
invnrd. — Ov? él otiypnv apyhéBarov repli THs arn- 
Getas THV Adyov Tov, —IIpo mavTos GAXov mpéreE va 
Aeyyns THY adrnbecav.—’Hoav wévte civ THO didacKaro 


avuTav, pet’ avTovs dé (and) HAOov EtEpor Tpeis. 


480. The letters came from Patras by sea to the 
Piraeus. — According to our orders we marched against 
the enemy. — After his death he was buried under the 
trees next to the house. — I went to the theatre instead 
of my friend at a quarter to eight. — From that moment 
he hid under the table and remained there for (during) 


three hours less ten minutes. — From this wood was 


152 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


built (€eréo@m) the bridge on which we stand. — Before 
me my friend spoke more than an hour against this 
idea (t6éas). — They entered two by two, together with 
the teacher, who was walking in front of them, and 
they sat under the trees towards the East. They 
started (aveywpnoav) with him, but they arrived (agi- 
xO9noav) after him. —I am neither with you nor against 
you; I fight for my country. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 153 


LESSON XXIX. 
"Emippywara. — ADVERBS. 


481. Adverbs of manner and kind are formed from the 
genitive plural of adjectives by changing v to a; e.g. 


KaXOs, KaA@v, adv. Karas, well. 


In the vulgar idiom the nominative plural of the neuter 
is used as an adverb; ag. 


KaXov, kada, adv. xara, well. 


482. These adverbs have their three degrees of comparison. 


The comparative is the nominative singular (in the vulgar 
idiom the nominative plural) of the neuter comparative of 
the adjective; eg. 

Kados, KadyTepos, adv. kaAynrepov (vig. kadyrepa), better. 

The superlative is the nominative plural of the neuter 
superlative of the adjective ; e.g. 

kdAXuota, best. 
In the same way, évddéws, gloriously, évdogwrepov, évdoEadrara ; 


evOvpws, gaily, evOvudtepov, evOvudrata ; etc. 


483. Besides adverbs formed from adjectives, there are 
many others; these may be subdivided into 


Loan 
. 


Adverbs of place; 

Adverbs of time; 

Adverbs of manner and kind’; 
Undefined. 


oY 


154 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


484. 1. Adverbs of Place. 


These adverbs take the gen. ; ¢.g. 


dvw Tod dacous, above the forest. 
ew THs TOAEws, Outside the town. 
In the vulgar idiom the accusative with the preposition 
ao is generally used; e.g. 


ew ard THv woAwv. 


485. The following are the most commonly used adverbs 
of place: — 


avw (vig. érdvw), above, on. 

dAXaxod (vig. ddAod), 2” another place ; wavtaxod (vlg. ravrod), 
everywhere. 

é€vtav0a, dw, here; éxei, there. The termination Oev means 
SJrom a place; oe, de, Le, fo a place; ou, iw a place; e.g. 
évrevbev, from here; éxeidev, from. there; éxeice, to that 
place; “AOnvyot, in Athens ; ete. 

é€w (vig. drééw), out; éxrds, outside, except; eg. éxtos Tis 
moAews, Outside the town; éxrds tovrov, except this. In 
the latter sense also rAnv; ¢.g. wAhv enod, except me. 

éow (vig. wéoa, dropéoa), évtds, within. 

éumpos (vig. éumpoora), forward; évormov, in front of. 

Kkdtw, down, karwbev (vig. droxatw), under; e.g. katwobev THs 
tparélys (vig. droxdtrw ard TO tpare{.), under the table, 

paxpay (vig. paxpua), far; paxpdbev, from far; éyyts, tAnoiov 
(vlg. xovrd), near; dmévavti, dvtiKp¥, Opposite. 

peta&d, between. 

é6ricw, back; dre (vig. droricw), from behind; e.g. vraye 
éricw, go back; apBavw ériow, J take back ; tov éxrvrn- 
cev aroriow (€x tev dmibev), he struck him from behind. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 155 


otxot, at home; oixobev, from home (in the literary language - 
also with the meaning of as a matter of course); oixade, 
toward home. 

wov; where? rov Kat mov, here and there; xarov, somewhere ; 
drov, wherever ; ovdapod (vlg. rovOevd, rovrera), nowhere. 


486. 2. Adverbs of Time. 


algvys, aipudiws (vig. éadva), suddenly. 

dpa, as soon as, takes the dat.; e.g. dua TH mpwia, as soon as 
it was morning. Verbs following dua are put in the 
subjv., and are preceded in the literary language by 
Ws; 2g. dpa ws TeNeLwon, as soon as he has finished. 


pe 
kop, eioeri, yet, still. 


ows, zmmediately; esOds, at once. 


Qv 


Re 


amowe, this evening; onpepov, to-day; x0és, yesterday; avpvov, 
to-morrow ; mépvat, last year; mporépvor, year before last; 
éderos, this year; tov xpovov, next year, eis TO és, in 
the future. 

apyd, late; évwpis, carly. 

€ws, péxpt, up to, as far as, take the gen.; ¢.g. ews THs wpas 
tavtns, up to this hour; ews twpa, pwéxp. Tovde, Up to this. 

non, tA€ov (vig. rea), already; eg. exev ydn avaxwpyoe, he 
had already left. 

ports, scarcely, hardly. 


wote; when? ravrore, always; éviore (vlg. Kazrore), sometimes ; 
dAXore, in other times; éxrore (vlg. awordre), ever Since. 


mwoTé, never, once; e.g. dev To elxov wore, L never said tt; Ty 
S , . . . > , 
elzrov roré, L said it sometime ; ovdérore, Never once. 


moAAdkts, cvxvakis (vlg. roAAds popds, svxva), Often. 
apiv, mpo tov, before. Also mpoérepov (vlg. mporyrepa). 


rote, then; orav, when. 


156 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


487. There are also numerous adverbial expressions 
of time, some of the most usual of which are the 
following : — 


G76 Kapov eis Katpdv, from time to time. 

Mpos TO Tapov, €rt TOU TaporTos, év TO peasy, 
év tocovTw, in the meantime. 

ws él TO TOAV, Ws ext TO TAKCTOV, more or Less. 

émt TéXovs, TEAOs, finally. 

da wavrds, for ever, by all means. 

dua. vuxtos, by night. 

Oarrov 4 Bpadiov, carlier or later. 

Kat apxds (vlg. ‘ori apxyv), in the beginning. 

€vTos dAtyou, shortly. 

eis TO E€Hs (VIg. Tod Aourod), in the future. 

év T® apa, tmmediately. 

Ka” Exdotyv, Kad’ yuepay (vig. Kade pépa), 
every day. 

HvEepa Tap Hyépav, every other day. 


KaT avTds, av’Tas Tas Huépas, in these days. 


488. 3. Adverbs of Manner and Kind. 


dAXws (vig. dd\A€ws, dAXOLHs, GAAOLMTLKa), 72 another way. 
ovTws, Toovrotpérus (vig. éror), thus; Eror K erat, 50-50. 
dws, ws, Kabws (vig. cav, woav), as. 

ébruwcdyrore (vig. drws Kai dv eva), however. 


ras; how? 


IN MODERN GREER. 157 


489. | 4. Undefined. 


adXXolpovov/ alas/ takes the preposition eis; ¢.g. dAAo/povov 
eis o€/ alas for you! 

dvev, xwpis, dixws, without, take the gen.; 4g. dvev por, 
without you. In the vulgar idiom the two last take the 
acc.; 2g. xwpis audpiBortav, without doubt; Sixws aXXo, 
(without anything else) certainly. 

amaé, dis, tpis, efc., numeral adverbs, are followed by the 
gen. of the time within which; 4g. dis rod érovus, twice 
a year. 

dpa, dpaye, taxa, therefore; ourdv, Eropevws, axorovOws, then, 
consequently. 

BeBaiws (vlg. BéBaa), certainly. 

dév, not (abbreviation of oidev, nothing); eg. Sv Oérw, J do 
not wish. : 

d.dA0v, KaBdrov, not at all; é dmravros, absolutely. 

idov, there! e.g. idov aités, there he is. In the vulgar idiom 
va; vatos, vaty, vato, stand for va airds, va airy, etc., 
there he ts. 

iaws, perhaps; iova (vlg.), straight; tova tov, Just so. 

pd, but (from the Italian ma); eg. pa dari epvyes; but why 
did you go away? In adjurations, dy; eg. pa tov Oedv/ 
by God / | 

hn, not (before a vowel pv), with the subjv.; ¢.g. wy pdyys, 
don’t go. yh or phros has also the meaning of st, 
and, in interrogative phrases, perhaps? eg. pnmrws HADe ; 
did he perhaps come ? 

vat, padvora, yes. 


axeddv, almost. 


(For a more complete list of adverbs see Vocab. XX XIII.) 


158 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


EXERCISES. 


490. *Evreifev dév civar, BeBaiws 0a hrAOev ArXOOer, 
arra rdev ; —’ld0d ards, eivar nbn éxtos THS Ovpas. — 
Oddérore wréov Oa imdyw éxeice, éav Sev AABw mpdc- 
KAnoWw ypartHy (written). — My Tov miotevys, yrevderar 
mavrote. — Ilépuar eiyopwev Oeppov yemaova, arr’ édéros 
eivat ux pdtratos. —’Amowe 0a irdyopev eis THY éorre- 
pida tis Apepixarixns LyorHs. — Ilas; dév rHv BrErere 
exel KaTw, EuTrpocbev Tod Eevodoyelou; — Kiva axpiBas 
Tpeis pat ad’ Orov (since) avexwpnoe. —“lows dév cas 
éyvapioev Eveca (because) Tov oxdTovs. —"lota tova avTo 
eyo Kal éyo. —"Eda &d@. —’Apéows, Kupie, opiote.! 

491. He could go neither forward nor backward, but 
remained there until night. — Probably he had already 
arrived there before you left. — Nobody except me 
knows this. — Since that day I have never believed 
him. — The boy stupidly ran away the moment he saw 
me.— You did very well to send him back without 
further (érépas) discussion. — He said rightly that it 
was better not to see him at all.— Was he perhaps 
(unmws) afraid of you? Not at all, he is very brave. — 
Come here immediately, don’t be afraid! —Alas! Iam 
without a cent (d8odrds).—I scarcely recognized you— 
because it was dark. — Where is he, where did he come 
from, and where is he going to? 


1 Instead of dplcare! command !—‘Oplore takes the meaning of at 
your service, come in, take a seat, etc. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 159 


LESSON XXX. 
Lvvdeo 01. — Conyunctions. 


492. The chief conjunctions of the Greek language 
are: — 


kai, and. In the vulgar idiom it sometimes stands for ¢har; 
e.g. Ti ékapov kal pe padroves; what did T do that you 
should scold me?  airo (vig. av Kai), although. ai 
kara, by all means, absolutely. ré in the literary language 
immediately follows a noun, pronoun, or verb, and 
precedes xai; e.g. éyw te kai ov, Land you. 

péev...0€, indeed... but. ‘These conjunctions unite phrases 
placed in opposition to each other; eg. rov «dov pe, 
dev tov éyvwpica dé, J saw him indeed, but I did not 
recognize him. 6€ alone means and; e.g. hoav tpéis, 
pet avtovs dé érepou tpeis, they were three, and after them 
three more. 

aXrAd, but; opws, however; GX opus, wAnv, but, still; ody 
NTTov opus, nevertheless. 


N..-, ere... etre, either... or. 
oUTE...0UTE, pte, pnde, neither... nor. 


dv, édv, if, take the subjv., or the impf. and plup. indic. 
kav (kai av), at least. 

ds (abbreviation of ddes, /e¢) takes the subjv., giving it an 
imperative sense; ¢.g. as €XOn, let him come. With the 
impf. and plup. it signifies a wish (ancient opt.); eég. 
as ypxeto! would that he might come / 


160 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


va (abbreviation of the adverb iva, which also is used in the 
literary language), /ha/, takes (1) the pres. subjv., giving 
it an infinitive sense; ¢.g. 0éAw va imdyw, J wish to go;— 
(2) the impf. and plup. indic., and signifies a wish like 
ds ; — (3) the aor. subjv., giving it an imperative sense ; 
e.g. va TO elrns, you are to tell him. 

6a (from 6édw iva), will, (1) precedes the pres., the aor., 
and the perf. subjv., in order to form the first and second 
fut. and the fut. perf.;— (2) with the impf. and plup. 
it forms the conditional ; ¢.g. 04 jpxounv, 7 should have 
come. 

ott, mas, that, take the indic.; ¢.g. nKovoa ott A€yea, L heard 
that he says ;— poi eime mas evar Kadytepa, he told me 
that he ts better. 

otav, when, takes the subjv., or the impf. and plup. indic. — 
ote, when, not to be confounded with 6,re, neut. rel. 


pronoun. 
aod (ap ov), (1) with the subjv., after; eg. apod piyn, 
after he is gone; — (2) with the indic., since; e.g. ad’ ob 


TO OédXes, since you wish it. ad sdrov, ever since, since 
then. evo (evo), while. 

é€vetoy, Sidrt, because. émevdy refers to a cause which follows, 
dudre to one which precedes; ¢4.g. éredy Tov yvwpilw, Tov 
ayaT®; Tov ayar® dior. Tov yvwpilo. 

agate, so that, consequently; eg. tov ddov, arre Tov yvwpila, 
I saw him, and consequently [ know him. 


(For a complete list of the conjunctions see Vocab. XX XIV.) 


IN MODERN GREEK. 161 


EXERCISES. 


493. Mol éypawe pév, arAN ws halverar EAnopdvnce 
va éemuypan (to address) tiv émistoAnv Tov, HTIs Ba 
éydOn eis TO Tayvdpopeiov.—"O,te SiddoKados Kal oO 
5) \ 5 A oe , ” c \ ” c \ 
latpos hoav THS avTAS yvouns. —OvUTE o pev, ovTE o dé 
dév nOédAnoav va eicéXOwor.— IIpiv 7 €&€XOns THs oixlas 

, / e/ \ 4 \ b] / , 
povaké we bras col bow Tas ErLaTorXas pov. — IInyave 
apéows eis Tov latpov, didTe TO Travdi Sev eivar Kara (dev 
éyer Kada@s). —’Adod T@ éypawes Ga EXOn BeBaiws. — 
"Ore ébOaca eis THY oikiav Tov, 6 taTpos eivev ndn EEENOeL. 

> % s a \ / XN / 
—’Exkros tovtov, KaToiKel ToAv paKkpav, oxedov pia 
Opav évrevOev.— lod xatoueite; Katou eis thy 
oo0v Stadlov, An Iov eis TO TaxVvdpopetov, axptBas arré- 
vavre (exactly opposite) eis TO Bovdevtyptov (Parliament). 

+ 54 / > es, 2 isd s J 7 
— "lows éyete Sixavov, ody’ ATTOV duws pol eivat dVTKOXOV 
va cas Tiotevow. —"As €dXOn va pé idn Kai Ba rpoo- 


Tabnow va tov BonOynoo. 


494. Both you and I are in the wrong. — Although 
you say so, I can scarcely believe you ; however, I will 
try to do as you wish. —I met him indeed, but I did 
not know him because he has changed much since I 
saw him last. When the clock strikes twelve, bring 
the dinner (ro gaynrév), whether they have come or 
not. — As soon as you have eaten call me, before you 
begin your work, because I want to inspect what you 
have already done. —I wrote to him at once in order 
that he should receive my letter before leaving his 
house. —I am also of the same opinion. 


162 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XXXL. 
495- ‘SENTENCES. 


e > f. > /, 2 
H épyacia eivat mpocevyn. Po 


"Axkove TONG, opire OrALya, wh StakdTTNS TOTE. 2. feu %) 


‘Opire ws ppoveis* ur A€ye OXa boa oKerTETAL. 
C 2 > lal \ Lal c / \ ’ a c 
Oi avdpes Epwraot Ti ppovet 0 Kdcpos Tepl avTaY, at 
\ a / / 
d€ yuvaixes Ti réryeL. 


Oi Baotrets Kai at wpaiar yuvaixes Exyovot Kédaxas, 
otraviws b€ didous. ° 


‘H éxdiknows Kabiota Tov avOpwrov icov mpos Tov 
éyOpov Tov, 7 dé cvyyvoun av@TEpov avTod. 

MipnOnre tThv xjva, nts ad’ ob tin, trot Thy Keparnv 
Tpos TOV Ovpavoyv WS EevYapLaTODGa. 

‘O @eds va pé hurAatTyn ao TOV didwv pou: ao TaV 
éyOpav pov durarropat pdvos pov. 

Ilavres ayar@ot Thy avdtravoly, TAY udvOV TOV ava- 
Tavowevov. 

Ilepioadrepov mroddaxis dherovpela Tapa Tav éyOpav 
n Tapa Tov dirov. 

“Ocov dduyorepa tis nEevpel, Técov TEepicadTepa héyeL. 

To xaxov yapdrrerat él XiMov, TO Kadov Eri dupov. 

‘O Bios civat cxoreiov Kal 7 dvatvyla diddoKandos. 

‘H peylorn Ortpis éori To va évOupHral tis edruyxeis 
Katpovs év dvaTvyiats. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 163 


‘Os of ix Beis bia Tod ayKxiotpov, cvAXawBavovTat ot 
” \ lal n 
avOpwro dia TaV Tabav. 
Aadnoas TodAdKis petevdnaa, ctwmnoas 8’ ovdérroTe. 
\ / t pea \ € / \ \ 7 
Ta xpypata elol Kaos vUInpeTNS Kal KaKOS KUpLOS. 
Oi wevdeis Piror Kai ai yediddves ghaivovtar povov 
étav eivalt KadoKatpia. 
e \ f / nm \ , \ / 
O Kad0os troritns oKérTETAL TAS Va Kay TO Ypeos TOV 
a \ \ 0) / 
MaXXov Tapa TO OTAOLOV TOV. 
as n / oe > a € , 
Ex pixpov aotayevev vdaTos amotedeitat 0 péyas 
WKEAVOS. 
7 € 4, 4 ’ \ > \ e \ a 
Oca 6 codm@tepos ywweoKe eiciv ovdev WS pos boa 
aryvoet. 
M7 avaBarns Tore 6,Tu odetrAes va mpakns Tapavta ° 
t6€ THY haw HTS OvdEéTrOTE AVABAaAXEL. 
‘O ypovos Oeppaiver thv diriav Kai wuypaiver Tov 
é porta. 
Oi dirdscogor Eyovot Sixavov Aéyovtes OTL 7 vryEla 
elval KTHMA TOAVTLUMTEPOV TOD TAOUTOV. 
Oi Adxaves éyvpvafovro tradidbev eis THY Bpaxuro- 
yiav. 
‘O a0@0s trapovoiadferar peta Odppovs eis Tov diKa- 
OTHY TOV. 
Ilaitées, trrotdccecOe cis Tods tperépovs yoveis Kai 
dudacKa Aous. 
"Ev tais éXevOdpais mddreowv avadatvovtat ot pmeyarot 
avopes. 
At yerddves trpoayyéXovart TO éap. 
‘O Atos KrLver Trpdv THY Svc. 
Ta dddexa civar dis &&, tpis téscapa, éEdKis Svo, 
TETPAKLS Tpla. 


. 


164 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


‘O Aewvidsas, yevvaiws ayoucbels ev @epporriras, 
€mecev évddEas. 

e 4 / \ \ na \ \ * ” \ 

H cernvn otpépetat repli thy yqv cal ov TH yn Tept 
TOV HALOV. . 

‘O Ile:pateds amréyes tov "AOnvav oxt@ véa orddia 7 
TEeCoapakovTa Tanatda. 


LN MODERN GREEK. 165 


LESSON XXXII. 
496. SHort STorRIEs. : 


"EpwrnGets rote copos tis THs “ApaBias, Ti To apiorov 

A , ac \ A n> , ers \ n_99 
Tov Swpwv a o Meds yopnyet TO avOparra, “ 0 opGos vous 
atrexpiOn. 

e / vy f cA f / e / 

O Kixépwv érXeye trepi Tivos OoTis piav povoy nmépav 
EXPNMATLTEV UTATOS * El-youEV UTTATOV TOTOUTOV aAypuUTVOY, 
v > \ / 4 > / \ \ , lol 
@oTe ove pilav vUKTAa éxoLwnOn KaTa TO StaoTHMA THS 


UTaTelas TOU. 


Oi AvKor AdyeTat OTe TroTé Sév SiamrrA€ovot Yyetwappous 
BY \ > \ e i > / \ 00 
n ToTapovs ava els ywpioTa, Ex poBov wy TapacupOaowr, 
aXrAa ouyKpatovvTa, SdKvovTes O ETPOmEVOS THY OvpaV 
n fal ‘ 
TOU Tponyoupmevov, Kal oUT@S aTroTENODaLY advaW adia- 


OTaAOTOV. 


"Ev ’Edevoin, ote of bo Tov Xtpatynyov Kapaickaknp, 
pabovres THY Edevowv toxupas ToupKiKHs Suvapews, npYt- 
cav va helTTOTAKTHOL Kal Tapexivouy Kal avTOV va pvyn, 
oc £ f > ‘4 e ig Ne € - "4 

uTayete, avéxpakev ovTos, dtrov GéXeTe, 0 Kapaioxaxns 
dev adyjver THY Géow Tov’: bray cas épwrncovy “Tt éxa- 
Mate TOV apynyov aas,” amoxplOnte “TOV TapEed@KapeV 

’ XN > Q@ / é / be / & / ” 
ets TOV exOpov, didTL dév cUyKaTEvevE Va AELTTOTAKTIHON. 

yy / \ 

Av@pwrrds tis eixe Stw viols, GY O wey nyaTra TOV 
7 a af 
UTVOV Kal éxot“ato Kal’ bAnv THY Tpwiar, o Sé HY pirep- 

\ 
yos Kal nyelpero mavtote Niav évwpis. ‘Hyuépav tiva, 
> \ e ¢ na 
€EeX av odTos évwpitata, edpe Kal’ oddv Baravtiov TAFH- 


166 , A PRACTICAL METHOD 


A »v > / \ \ > / 
pes xpnpatov. “Eédpapev ayéows mpos Tov aderdev tov 
Kal, EvTVvycas avTov, TH avyyyelre THY KaAHY TOU TUYNY 
Aéyov “Prérres TL Kepdiler Tis eyetpdmevos évwpis,” oO Se 
> ‘0 ‘ 7\ c 4 Qn / b] lal > , 
atrexpiOn, ‘‘éav o kuptos TOU BaXavtiov éxo.waTo axon, 
dev Oa ceive atrodéoe TO Baravtidy Tov.” 


Teppavos tis, €AO@v Kata mpatnyv hopav év ‘EXdade 
» ee | A \ / \ ¢ n \ e \ > al 
Kal akovoas Ta TraLdia Va OMLABGL THY EAAHVUKHY ev Tais 
nr n ef 
odois, avéxpake: “Iles, eivar duvatov; kal ta radia 
AKON OmlAOVOL THY EAANVLKHY évTavOa!”’ 


°-H lal > / é oe / > \ > 
p@Tato Tote OKYnpds Tis StaTl Epweve TOTOV apya év 
a / > € ‘ wh e > > / 
T Kvn Kal” Exaotnv mpwiav. Odtos 8 amnvtnoe: 
“ad évos » épyacia pé ovupPovrcver va éeyepO@ iva 
> lal > > e / \ e ? / \ 7 \ 
épyacOa, ad étépov dé 7 oKvnpia me ocvpBovrcver va 
éEaxodov0a pévav ev TH KAlYyn, aupdTepar SE épovar 
nr A b] / € \ \ ‘ > Lal > 
TreioTa boa emixyeipnuata vTép Kal Kata. "Evo 6 
= 2 / lal ee 4 fe \ \ x Ps) O06 2 3 
axopn ovntettat  bTdOects Kal mplv H dSuvnO@ Vv’ atro- 
hacicw, Tapépyetar n mpwia Kal pol ayyéAAeTaL OTL TO 
mpoyeupa evar €ToLmov.” 


> , 
497. To Muexpov “Apvtov. 
(FROM THE FRENCH, BY M. DASKALAKI.) 


IItwyov Kopdowov Sexaerés mepirov, dvopalopevov 
Xpioriva, cuvéreye wiav npépav ppdovras eis TO Sacos. 
‘O xatowv ro mvynpos Kal dev emveev ovd’ éXaXLOTOS 
Spocepds dveuos. ‘O aytipivos midos tod Kopaciov dev 
npKel Orrws TpopvrAaTTy avTO ard TOV KaVOTLKOY aKTIVOV 
Tod jAlov. Td uérwmdy tov ro KdOidpor, ai dé mrapeal 
Tov katakdckwat. "KEnkorove év TrovTous va ovAdEeYN 
dpdovras, kal dév eorwve Kav Tos dpOarpovs Tov, Ova 


LN MODERN GREEK. 167 


\ \ “ / , wv \ \ a wv 
va pn Kavyn oTiypHny: SidTL, Eeye we TOV voov TNS, Eyovca 
\ > s aN . Tam / ‘ a a 
Kal evyaploTnow peyarnv pyafopat yapiv THS Kars 
pntpds pov, n oTroia acOevel, Kal TA YpHwata TA OTrota 
0a xepdicw amo avtas Tas ppdovras Oa Tiv avaxoudico- 
ol oAtyov.” 
a e / » v4 wv \ / > / 
Ore » Xpiotiva cidev OTL npyice va vuKTOVn, ExtvnoeV 
(cA > / > \ ’ / \ \ / / / 
OTrws eTravenOn Eis THV OKAY Me TO KAAAOLOY THS YyEewaToV 
> \ ld \ / > \ / U 
amo ppdovrAas Kal Tepacpuévoy eis Tov Bpaylova ty. 
"Hpyice va Bpéyn, Bpovtat d5é€ HKovovto paxpoler. 
! en 3°28) Se \ r \ ee wenn y 
Mons €&fAGev aro To ddcos Kal ododpos dvepos nyépOn 
» Bpoxn nuéavev, o 5é€ ovpavds, daTis eiye Bald épuvOpov 
lal \ ‘ > rs ; > \ \ 
Ypopa mpos Suvapas, é€oxoticO@n tavtaydbev aro poPepa 
ovvvepa emiawpevdmeva TO Ev KaToTLVY TOD addov. ‘H 
Xpiotiva arépevyev erriper@s Tod va wAnoialy eis TA 
/ b) n 
peyara dévdpa, mpoepuratteto Sé dmricbev TaV Oduvev 
Kal avéweve va Travan H KaTaLyis. 
Aidudios nKovoey eis TO TAnTiov Sacos pilav Tapa- 
\ ne c / \ \ a / id 
TOVETLKHV HoVHV, OMolav me Pwviv pixpov tratdiov. “H 
Xpictiva Aro Técov éedAenuov Kal Kady, WoTE OVTE 1 
Bpoxyn, ovTe ai aotpatrai, ovTEe O KpdTOS Tod KEpauvVOD 
b] 7 \ \ > i > \ fal \ e , \ 
nouynOncav va THY éuTrodicwaly aTO TOU Va UTayn Va 
x \ , / \ > \ / 
ion TL cvvéBave. Llpoywpjcaca dotrov ets TO dacos 
b] / \ > an “a / \ > vA 
éfeTAAYyn TOAD lOovca Ev TadalTwpov piKpOV apVviov 
KadOvuypov, Tpéwov €x Tod rArvyous, Kal pi) Exo Tov va 
imayn. “QO, Kavpévo mpoBataxi./ eimey 4» Xprotiva 
/ 2: \ ~ »” \ \ e / >’ 
KaTacuyKkexivnéevn, Sev Oa yabns: EXa Va GE UTTaYw ELS 
Thv oikiav.” “EdaBe 5é Te dvtt eis TAS ayKaXaS THS TO 
> Ys \ #4 > > a > \ y  £ > v \ 
apviov, Kat HAGE per avTOD Els THY OlKiaY apeows pETA 
\ / 
THv Bpoxyny. 
“"O! idé wnrep, avécpakev évd elonpyero, tod, oe 
nn \ Lo \ ? 4 ivA e a > / 
TapakarA®@, TL evpov mpo orLyou! “Kv wpatov apvaki! 


168 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


Ilocov cipar evtvyns!/ des 0a To mwepitrovodpar! Oa 
nvat  yapa pov.” —“ Kdpn pov, TH eltrev 4 wNnTHP TNS, 
eyelpomevn ex THS KAivnS Kal otnpifovca THY KEehadnVy 
emt tov Bpaytoves Tns, Anomoveis, EV TH YaPa cov, OTL 

\ > / > \ \ 4 > Ul be qn 
TO apviov avTo Oa éyn Kvpiov. *“Eyabn Kai éyopev xabf- 
KOV va TO eTrLaTpéeWopev. Od Hvar BeBaiws TOD TrOVEG LOU 
YoOpiKod TOD yeLToOVLKOD KTHMaTOS. IIyyaLvé TO Ets avTOV 
evOus onpepov: diote troté Sev mpémEet va KpaTo@pev Ets 
THY oiKiav pas TO Edvov mpadypma, ovd’ él play povov 
vUKTa.” 

«Aev évvoeite TO suudépov cas! avéxpake Kata THY 
aut oTLypnv €x ToD TrapaOupov eis KTioTnsS, doTIS EéTTE- 
aoKxevale TOV Tolyov TOU KiTTOU Kal Eiyev AKOVoEL THY 

/ \ / a, ae / 49) 
cuvouirtav Tov, dev mpérer va HaGe Tocov Sedat. 

¢ / \ id ‘ > / »” \ \ 

H pyrnp cat » Ovyatnp éotpaddnoav évtpopot Kal Tov 
TapeTnpnoav suet extrAnkeews. “M7 hoPAobe, mpoce- 
Gecev 0 KTIioTHS, OMA oTrovdaiws as opd—Ewpev avTO TO 
C@ov Kat as TO poipacOapev: TO Kpéas Tov Oa pas Tpo- 

, \ , a en Perse | \ , \ 
unGevton Kara Tenaya wntod, Kal amd TO Sépya tov Oa 

/ > / Y € \ »” € \ \ 
Kepdicwpev odiya ypyuwata. “O xwpixos exer UTEp Ta 
ExaTov apvia* €v meLoTEpov 1) OALywTEpoY TL onpaivel ; 
ads opat&wpev Todo 6. Aév éxete Tizrote va poBnOire, 
kavels Sev Oa ods dn: nyropeite va eutriotevOjTe ets 
éué. Oa pcivw adpwvos, KaOas adtos 6 Toixos.” Aéyov 
dé tas A€Eas TavTas, Eppiyrev eri Tod Tolyou Tov acBe- 
OTHV TOV pvaTpioU Tov. 

4 

‘H Xpictiva éppiéev, OTe HKovcE TOS Adyous ToUTOUS, 

erreton ehbavncay eis avTiv atrotpérato. “ Mas cvpBov- 

‘I / 

Nevers plav adiciav! eimev eis TOV KTioTHnV~ G,Tt dév BrE- 

movv of avOpwrot, 6 Meds TO Brera. ‘H pjrnp pov exer 
lal 4 

péya Sixavov, Oavpafm dé mas Sév éoxépOnv tayvTepov 


IN MODERN GREEK. . 169 


b eee 2 / \ \ > \ > r 4 ’ N s / 

va émisTperw TO pLKPOY avTO apVviov Eis TOV KUpLOV TOU" 
/ » eee / / > / \ \ 
BeBaiws 0a éXapBavov peyarnv evyapiotnow va TO Kpa- 

/ / 7 >’ / ‘ > \ / X\ 
Thaw, mpoadece yuvovoa orLya Saxpva, adda TpeTeEL va 
UTrakovm@pev eis TOV Beov.” 

"EraBe tote TO S@ov, TO exddAue pe THY Trodiay TNS 
kat SinvOvv0n mpos THY KaToiKiav Tod YwpLKOd, av Kal 
éBpexev axdun, 6 € HArtos érAnalale va Svan. 

4 
"Ore épOacev » Xpioriva, 4) avfvyos Tov ywpiKod ATO 
eis THY OUpay THS TEpLKUKA@MEVYH ATO Ta TéKVA THS Kal 
lal X / > \ > / e 
KpaTovoa TO piKpoTepov els THY ayKadAnv THs. “Odot 
> , e lal > / ; \ e al »” > 
€Gewpouv wpaiov oipaviov Tdéfov, TO oTrotov EXapTrE KAT 
éxeivnv THY oTiyunv dia TaV CwnpoTépav ypwpaTov. 
“Tlaparnpnoate, tratdia pov, édeyev  wntnp, Serxvvovca 
avTo did THS ye“pds, TapaTnphaate TO Wpaiov avTo Béapa 

\ > / \ / a \ » e Ul 
Kal evrNoynoate TOV Bedv, batts TO éxape. ‘O rravayabos 

as 4 \ an , \ , \ ? 2; 
avTos @eds pas Sevxvver THY pweyarorpéereay Kal toyuv 
tou dia TOV doTpaTOv Kal TOV Kepavvav, dia dé Tod ovpa- 
viov TovTou Tokouv mas vrevOuuiler THY ayamny Kal Kaw- 
auvny Tov.” 

€ n ij 

H Xpiotiva, ths orolas % Kapdia jrov evVOupos, dioTt 
TOV AOOAOS, TapeTHper peTA peyaANS EevYaploTHoEws, 
adAoTe wev TA Hpaia ypwpwata ToD ovpaviov td£ov, TO 
€ a , 
omoiov éXapmrev eis TOV ovpavov, adrXoTE SE TA YedXaoTa 

/ lal a an 
TpdcwTra Tov Tadiov THS yopiKns. “Kowwra pméxpis 
a \ L Pee , ? / \ \ a A 
dToU TO ovpamov Té£ov €EnhavicOn, peta dé TavTA, oes 
KaTwbev THS Trodtds THs, TO amébecev eri TIS vis Kal 
dunynOn rive Three TO evpe. 

\ »” 

“TovdTo c€ cumoTa ToXd, elev 7 YOpLKH, Va EXOns 
Técov apya Kal we ToLavTny KaxoKxalpiav! HKioat tipov 

/ na / 
kopdovov. — Nat, adrnOas! ecimev 6 yapixds, daoTis éepavn 
\ \ \ Fitnas > \ Y 4 
KaTa THY oTiypnv exeivny eis THY Ovpav. Lpocetate, 


170 : A PRACTICAL METHOD 


TEKVA MOU, TpEeTrEL Va yivynTE Kal ceils pwiav Huépav Sixatot 
Kal Tipo OTwsS TO TTWXOV avTO Kopactov. IIpoTiudTepov 
va &yn TIS Ev povov apviov Kal va nvat Sixatos Kal TipLos 
\ \ ” e / \ \ > i e UG 
Tapa va éyn éexaTov Kat va jnvat dSdrdLos. “H tipstdrns 
a an > a 
THS TTAXHAS Xpiotivys eivat Onoavpos THs Kapdias, Kabi- 
~ > \ * / > ba i: e / 
oTWVY aUTHNV TWOVOLWTEpaY Trap cEav eElyev OAOKANPOV 
3 a . 
moiuviov, elvat Onoavpos tov oTrotov ovdels StbvaTat Vv’ 
> / > > ? fo ”” S 
apaipéon am avTis. 
‘Oo VLO a an cc4 > 14 A 4 
los TOU ywpLKOd, OoTIs wvopmatero Anpuntptos, 
4 / bd \ Ul We / / rg 
étpe&e TOTE els THY wavopav Kai eEnyaye wiav TpoBativay. 
> / \ \ > / 3 / ’ \ / \ 
Apéows d€ TO apviov érndnoev eis THY pnTépa Tov Kal 
y \ M- 9 nA n iid \ »” e 
NPXLTE VA OKLIPTA EK THS Kapas Tov, OTL THY EBreTre. “H 
Xpiotiva TapeTHpHoeE META TPOTOYTS Kal EevYapLaTHTEwS 
\ \ lal 6 / \ ts i. 186 M / > a e 
TO ovyKiWyTLKOV TOvTO Oéama, Kal EiTrE GVOV avT? 
> / \ / \ / ee \ 7 
evyapioTynals me KapVvEeL VA AHTMOVHNTw OANHV THV AUTTHV 
\ ec / ? / / > \ \ / 
THY oTrolav yoPavOnv ywpifouévn amd TO TadXaltwpov 
TovTO C@ov, TO oTrotov elyov ayaTHoE TécOV TrodVv.”’ — 
‘‘ Aourdy, eirev 0 ywpixds, apod cioat Timia Kai ayaTras 
> \ oR / \ \ \ / > > » J > / 
auto TO apvak.ov, Oa coi TO dwpyjow. *AXD eEivat axoun 
\ / a \ \ i? / \ / \ U 
TOV piKpov, wate Sev Oa nutropécn va Cynon xwpis yaXra, 
\ X= “J / / \ / € Id 
kai 0a aro@dvn Bacaucpévov. Mera dexarrévte nvepas 
Oa jvat apuera duvatov brrws Tpépntar pmé ais TOTE 
0a col To dépyn o Anuntpios ...” 


IN MODERN GREEK. 171 


LESSON XXXIII. 


PoETRY. 


(By A. R. RANGABE.) 


408. ‘Avatody. 


(IN THE LITERARY LANGUAGE.) 


M7 Kotmacat: idov, avatérret 
MELoL@V 0 yYpuaods Ewaddpos ° 
e > / > / > > Xa 
ws addpas aoTpaTT Els TO Gpos, 
\ \ / > \ / 

Kal THV VEaVv avynv TpoayyEerAcl. 


To mtnvov tiv aomdaferat door, 
é 
HeXwolas TH TéwTrel 7) AVP, 
Kal Ta poda TH TEUTrOVEL pipa, 
Kal THY Warn H HXY® TOV KoLAddwv. 


Ai dowvai ai oipavat tacat 
K at érriyer vpvovot cuvapa 
\ > \ \ a n ld 
THY avynv, yAuKU vevwa TOU Bpaua. 
"Avatérre, (600! M1 Kotpaca. 


172 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


499. LupTroKy. 


To &ados aotpamte kal tTpéue kal Bpovra: 
Pp pee povrTd 

€ / / / \ / > “ 
0 Nexvos hovoyv Tvéwy TOV AOYoV aTravTa. 
‘Immevs mpooBarr imméa, wefos xtuTa tretov, 

\ 4 > ’ \ e id , 4 2 al 
Kal TA€ove Els TO aia oO OvncKwv Kal o Cav. 
Bpoxn ai odhaipar rintovy, ta rrdpata cwpol, 
> ad ” € f > , lal 
K 0 ATPOMOS oTALTHS Els HrAOYaS TrpOYwpel. 


‘Trrép édevOepias trepidoEos ayauv 

TAnpot Ta oTHOn Odppous, Ta BrACupata Proyoav. 
"EA ies tis tatpisos, yevvaior wayntai, 

> \ nr 4%) ¢ / \ / , 
eumpos cas Kpal’ » vikn: pwn otpépecOe more. 
Mvnobjte Tov mpoyover, Kal gore ws avtol. 

‘H yh ods ateviver kal cas émixporei. 


"Ev 60@ étt wadXovv Ta oTHOn Tov Oepua, 
e , Ud € / x e “ 

ws otpdPtdos Bavdrov o véos as opya. 
Evéaiuov thy tratpida 6 coffer Kal Timar, 
dv vinntns €E€XOn, dv éon TordELOv. 

Tov orép’ 4 dda COvra ws Hpwa KreLvor, 
Kk’ eis THY ABavaciay avépyerat Gaver. 


500. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 173 


Eis tiv Bpvour. 
(IN THE VULGAR IDIOM.) 


Mia kop’ cida ’o TH Bpvot 
r am / / 
f avacTnua Koprpo. 
\ > \ + Aa / 
THY Elta va mw apnoy 
va To, Stal Siro. 


Koxkinoev éxeivn, 
+ es A / 
K WS EXXLVE TELVN, 
\ / n Od , 
Ta YEépla THS w adpnvet 
path mé TO oTapmvi. 


“ Kuyapiota, THY Aéyo* 
TArAnV wp’ &dwoes, Oappa, 

PwTLa va TLO Kal Kaiyo 
dev pw’ édwoes vepd.” 


Ila@s pé Oepifovv mévor 
AUTrEiTAaL K’ aTrOpeEl, 

Kal THY oTauMia pKatpovet 
Kal Taipver Spocepn. 


Tod Aainod TO oropa 
3 5i2 / > 7 
be émpoadeper evOus, 
ag as Pee So Guicd 
Kab p €lTre Ilcés axopa, 
Kal Oa tatpevOns.”’ 


“"Ay! dyt. Ores, hirn, 
va Tavon TO KAKO; 
Ta due cov dds pe xetdn, 


” 


TO oTOMa TO YAUKO. 


174 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


LESSON XXXIV. 


501. XENOPHON. 
(ANABASIS I. vi. 6-11.) 


The ancient text is here given, with a Modern Greek translation, on 
the opposite page, in order to show the difference between the two 
periods of the language. 


Ilapexadreoa tpas, advdpes Pirot, das odbv wpiv Bov- 
, ’ 
/ isd / / > \ \ a \ \ 
Nevdpevos, 6,7t Sixaudy é€ott Kal mpos Oe@v Kal Tpods 
avOp@rev, TodTo mpad&w Tepi "Opevtov Tovtovi. TovTov 
yap Tp@Tov pev oO €wos TaTip édw@Kev UrHKoov eivat enol: 
émel 5€ TtaxGels, wos Epn avTds, Ud TOD Ewod adeXpod 
e > / 3 \ »” \ > / > , 

obToS é7roheunoer Euol Eywv THY év Lapdeoiv axpdrrorey 
Kal éy@ avTov mpootorepav érroincoa wate SdEat TOVT@ 
TOD mMpos éwe TorE“ov TravoacGat, Kal SeErav EXaBov Kal 
édwxa, peta Tadta épn, © "Opdrta, éotiv 6 TL oe HOiknoa; 

> lA isd A / \ fal b] 4, > fal ic4 
atrexpivato Ott ov, madi 5é Kopos npwra, Ovixodv torte- 

e >’ \ \ c lal > \ e > *> lal > 7 

pov, WS avToS ov Opmoroyels ovdeV UT’ Eu“od adiKovpEVOS, 
amootas eis Mucovs xaxas éroles tiv éunv yopav Ott 
édtva; &pn o’Opdvtas. Odxodv, pn 0 Kipos, omer’ ad 
éyvas THY cavTod dvvapmtv, EXOw@v eri Tov THS "ApTéudos 
\ € 4 / ” 0 \ / + Seen \ 
Bopov petapérew té cor épnocba Kal treicas éue mista 
mdadw édwoxds wot Kal éXaBes trap’ éuod; Kal TadO’ w&po- 
dyer 0 "Opdvras. Tl odv, bn 6 Kipos, adiuenOels ir’ 
é“od viv TO Tpitov émiBovrevwv jor havepos yéyovas; 
’ / \ “a 3? / ccd > \ > 4 , 4, \d 
eltrovtos 5€ Tod Opdvra bri ovdév adixnbets, npwTncev o 
Kidpos adrdv, oporoyels obv repli euée adixos yeyevnoOa ; 
"H yap avaykn, épn 6’Opdvtas. *Ex rovrov 7aduv npo- 


IN MODERN GREEK. 175 


IIpocexddXeoa tyas, avdpes pirot, d7rws, cvpBovdevo- 
pevos wel” tov, mpd—m tept tov Opdvtov tovTov 6,71 
dixatov Kal po TOV Gedy Kal Tpd TV avOpwrrav. IIpaTov 

\ c / \ b] % vA \ > e / 

Mev 0 TaTHp mou pol edwxev avTov iva pol H vmHKOOS - 
aXrN odTos, Siatay Geis, ws Neyer avTOS, b7rd TOD AdEeAod pov, 
b] / ee n / \ > / lal U 
ETTONEMNTE KAT EMOV KATEXYOV THV AKPOTTOALY TWVY Lapoewv. 
ey \ Py / X na > >’ a \ b] 4 \ 

yo oé, TodkEeu“@V KaT avTOU, TOV HYayKaTAa Va TPpOTI- 

/ \ al na \ b] \ y. \ \ 
LHoH THY Tava TOV TPOS Emée TrOAEMOV, Kal EXaBov THY 
deEvav avtod Kal Edaxa avt@ tiv éunv. Mera dé tavTa 
5 > > tf \ > / / c \ > / is4 
eirev, & "Opdvta, cé ndiknod mote; oO Sé amexpiOn Ott 
ovdérote. Ildduwv 8’ 6 Kipos npwrnce, ’Evtovtois tore- 
pov, ws av avTos oporoyeis, Kaltor ovdéroTe Trap Emod - 
4® 6 / > TA ’ \ 7 > 4 
aduknleis, atrooratncas ets Tovs Muaovs, éxaxomroiets 

\ > \ UA A QZ e > / e / 

THY Eunv Yopav doov ndvvaco; ‘O ’Opdvtas wpoddynoe 
an \ oo / 3 e a > A \ 
tavta. Kai ore manu, eitrev 0 Kopos, aveyv@picas THV 
advvapiav cov, éhOwv mpos Tov Baopov tis ’Aptéus6os, 

9s v4 / \ / \ 4 
eimres OTe wueTeuernOns Kal Katatreloas pe pmol edmxes 
Tad Ta TicTa Kal éxaBes wap’ éuod; Kal raira dpo- 

/ c an 

Adynoev 0 ’Opdvtas. Kara ri dé, eirev 6 Kipos, nducnOns 

> 3 fal 7 XN n > 4 > > nr \ 
Tap €“ov WoTe va havepwOns émiBovrevw@v KaT E“ovd TO 
tpitov dn; Kimdvtos dé Tod ’Opovta btu Kat’ ovdev 
eixev adiknOH, npoTnocev 6 Kipos adtov, ‘Oporoyels rot- 

\ 

Tov Ort éyévero adiKos mpos ewe; "AvdyKn va TO oporo- 

/ sS ie / > 4 / > , c 
ynow, eitev 0 Opovtas. °Ex tovtov tradi npwTnoev oO 


176 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


[Continued from page 174.] 


€ nr i a a n 

tnoev 0 Kopos, ett odv dv yévoto T@ Eu@ ASEAP@ Tror€mL105, 
éwol d€ didos Kal miotds; o dé amexpivato Sti ovd’ ei 

/ > a \ > A 4 / \ 
yevoiunv, @& Kipe, col y’ av tote étt dd€aymw. LIIpos 
tavta Kipos eize Tois trapodowy, 0 wév avnp ToLadTa pev 
TeTOINnKEe, TOLavTA O€ Ayer’ Tuav Sé od TpeTos, @ 
Knr€éapye, arddnvar yvounv 6 tt cot Soxet. Kréapyos 
dé ere Tade. LXupBovretw éyw rov dvdpa TodTov éxmo- 

\ a ¢ / ec / / a ‘ 

dav Troveia Oat ws TaytoTa, WS pnKéTL Sén TODTOV huXdaT- 
teaOat, AAA GYOAH 7H Hiv TO KaTa TODTOV Elvat TOS 
> \ 4 4 9 a 4 \ “ 4 
€GeXovTas hirous TovTovs ed Troteivy. TavTyn S€ TH yvOoun 
épn Kxal tovs adrXouvs mpocbécbar. peta Tadta, é&pn, 
KeXevovtos Kupou éraBov ths Sevns tov ’Opdvrav émi 
Oavat@ amavtes avacravtTes Kal of ovyyeveis: eita dé 
IRA » eer. ‘ > \ \ Ss BS om A 
éEjyov avrov ols mpocetayOn. érrel dé eidov avtov oi7rep 
mpoaQev mpocexvvour, Kal TéOTe MpoceKvYnoay, KaiTreEp 
’ / v4 > Ul »” > \ \ ? \ > 
elddtes Stu él Odvatov adyotto. émel dé eis THv ’Apta- 
TaTov oKnvynv eianyOn Tov micTOTadTOV THY Kvpov oKn- 
TTOVY@V, peTA TAVTA OVTE CHVTAa’OpovTav ovTe TEOVNKOTA 
ovdels elde wetroTe ovde Straws améavev ovdels Eidas 
édeyev: eixafov 5€ AdAXoL AAXS* Taos Sé ovdels TrwTrOTE 
avTov épavn. 


IN MODERN GREEK. 177 


[Continued from page 175.] 


Kipos, “AAN ére kal viv ndvvaco va yelvys Trod€mLos TOU 
aderpod pov, éwod dé diros kal mictds'; “O 8’ arrexpiOn, 
kal av éyevounv, © Kipe, od ovdérote nledes mr€ov pe 
mustevoet. Mera Taira eitrev 6 Kipos eis Tods trapovtas. 
‘O pev avip obtos Toradra pev érpake, Toradta Sé déyet. 
"EE tar 8€ od patos, & Kréapye, arodavOnt. trotav 
yvopunv eyes. “O dé Kréapyos eizre ta €&fs. *Eyo oup- 
Bovretvw va roijowpev extrod@y tov avdpa TovTOV ws 
TayloTa, Bote Va 1) avayKal@pela TrE€oV va TpoduAarT- 
ToucOa ar’ avTod, adAAA va Exwpev Katpdv, apod exTE- 
NecOGou Ta KaT avTdV, va evepyeT@pmev TOS OédovTas va 
mot piroe was. ise dé 6te Kal of Aottrol mpoceriOevTo 
eis THY yvouny Tav’Tnyv. Mera taita dé, Kata dSiatayny 
tov Kvpov, avacravtes Gtravtes, Kal ol ouyyeveis avTod, 
€kaBov tov ’Opevtav ato ths fSavns, Kkatadixafovtes 
avTov ovTw eis Odvatov. Kita 8 é&nyayov avrov ot 
diatayOevres. Brérovtes 5’ abtov bc0t mpotepov Tpoce- 
KUVOUV avTdV, TOV TpoceKUYnoaY Kal TOTE, KalTOL yYwpl- 
Covres Ort nyeTo eis TOV Oadvarov. "~Adod dé elanyOn eis 
THY oKnvnv Tod ’Aptatadtov, Tod TicTOTAaTOU TOV oKN- 
mTovyov tod Kupov, peta taita ovdels mote eide TOV 
‘Opovtav, ovte Cavta, ovTe vexpdv, AAN ovde TAS aTré- 
Oavev ovdels ev yrdoe ndvvato va ely. “Exaotos 
elxalev adr€ws, Taos Sé ovdels TOTE avTOD earn. 


178 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


CP? egos 218 fb epee Alb 


Lygvave Bice, 
’ a” , , : 
LOD” GOOPEL M002 DOL OOLD LOY 


SORE ee ER: Bee 


IN MODERN GREEK. 179 


"Ev Ilarpas ty 157 Mapriov 1893. 


@Pirtate Kupie, 


Las avuota® Oepuas tov 
/ \ a U / 
dépovta THY Tapovoavy pov dirov pov kK. 
"AOavdctov "AreEavdporovrov, Kabnyntny, 
a / \ / 3 / e 4 
dots tpoTiberar va diapetvyn él Tivas nmépas 
? \ ig / / \ /, al 
els THY vpETEpaY TOALY TpPOS MEXETHVY THV 
/ b] a ” ig cal / > , 
pvnpeiwv avTns. ~Koopuat viv Xiav evyvo@pov 
\ n f a > 4 \ “ 
dua waoav tepitoinow nv ndvvac80 va TO 
Tapacynte. 
AcéEaobe, pire Kupie, thv éxdpaciw Ttav 


/ > / 
diiikotatov pov atoOnpuatov. 


"Orws ipérepos 


"Imavyns ’Apyupiaédns. 
IIpos tov K°” 


K® Tewpyvov Anpyrtpiov, 


Kis Sardpryv. 


180 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


ee ee wpe BT! Gavovapiow M95 


Oday fradiow LACEA OE. 
Bye Byce GO 


in aac tadh cr eer cad ie 


7 


paps: eens acto woogn 


Hn: ES GE oppeaigee anaes 


oon CUE Re ki oy ace oe ocgpevore -a- 


ao pat 
Garg goood Leet pagcd oad 


pve 102? Ie. Miugpoeoned 
Yecvor QBMIE——: 
Cvleie, 


IN MODERN GREEK. 181 


"Ev ’AOnvas tH 279 “Iavovapiov 1895. 


‘Odds Sradiov dpi. 108. 


Pire Kvpre K—, 


Thy épyouevnv Iapackevny, 
30” AnyovTos pnVvos, oKOTrevOMEV Va Eexdpaywpev 
/ > f \ > / lal > / 
péxpis Aiyivns mpos émioxeyriw tod avtdu Tepi- 
dyuwov vaov, &v0a Kai 0a mpoyevpatiowper, érmilw 
5’ dre Od pas Kdpnte THY evyaploTnoW va cup- 

‘ fol I] fol , \ rn 

peTdoynte THS exOpouns TtavTns. Oa KxataBapev 
’ a \ na € / nr 
ets Ilepara dia ths adpakootoryias THS 775 TW. pM. 
kat Oa émiBiBacOapev apécws Tod aTpmoTXoloU 
“@ecoania,” drrep 0 aroTretvan axpiB@s TH oydon, 


Oa érravaxayrywpev 5’ avOnpepov. 


"Ordos mpdOupos piros cas 
K. Nixoraidns. 
IIpos tov 
Kvpiov I.X.K.—— 


*Evravda. 


182 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


ei > OF Pie Leraoeroc lls 


Hbvorgeee fF e 
peer? eae CrP tierre ¢ pete” Goer 
oT sai Boe 70d cee 


Ce? ee poe y poroctjcse , febte 
devgccreg ve Loge airtrezpeade 


Ot7 oaguatpeae 2” avapasoreo? 
touggorect Lid Sigorndbr aged be LL9- 


“"Bobnad, eoiget: LG pins 
Cbawwor wre. ELOY UCP LYI0- 


Cp 


1N MODERN GREEK. 183 


"AOnvyot TH 281 “lavovapiov 1895. 


"AEsotipe pire, 


Yas eiwat Alav evyvOopov sia 
THY EvyEVH ULaV TPdTKAHOW OTeS TUULpETATY@ 
THs els Alywav éxdpouns buov Kal ods BeBard 
OTL peyaros AvTrovpaL os duvapevos va deyOa 
avTny, Ka” dtt avayKxafouar Vv avaywpnow érret- 
yovtas eis KepwvOov mpos érioxeriy aobevobvtos 
ouyYYEVOUS ov. 
Adéacbe, akidtipe ire, tHv diaBeBaiwou 
THS €Eatpérov pov bTroAnWews. 
I, X. K——. 
TO a&otipw 
Kupiw K. Nixodaidy, 


Kadnynty : 


*Evradéa. 


184 A PRACTICAL METHOD 


Gp Mduvast 064 1 Magri #088, 


AfPODG 702 Ed veeed LO tye ~ 

Curn0ar-62I5 tice yzicces”~Cibecs wile 
cad, elopnonee va sorte jad Hobe 
ote MOUS Locr0getd ripeio? CAT OYA 


Wee CoE, EF CALOCT E69 LEP*ID 2OLLOCY- 
~ of - 
cargo” tp Ietwodapgeea id 


Ps — ; 
ted yet areata 7 


Aeypoovay Je omredlene, vee beet 


IN MODERN GREEK. 185 


"Ev ’AOnvas tH 12/24 Mapriov 1895. 


Pirn Kupia, 


Tvepivere BeBaiws Ott avpiov eivar 
n €Ovxn éopt) tTav ‘EXAnvov, xa? nv » Bact 
Olkoyéveta petaBaive eis THV SoEoNoylavy, HTS WarreTaL 
eis THY Mntporrodu ets Tas 10 T.p. 

’"Ezrevd) 5é€ pot éEehpdcate THY Cwnpav cas émiOupiav 
ae \ \ Lal 3 lal / > 
dws, Kata Tv Bpaxeiav évtavOa Svawovnv cas, evTv- 
xnonte va lonTe TAS AA.MM. TOvS Baowreis Hnuadv, cas 

“ \ ps | Ul + \ \ »” > / 
TApPAKAA® va mol KauNTE THY TLuNV Va EXOnTE eyKalpws 
els THV aifovcav pov év T@ Eevodoyeio tis “AyyXias, 
uTo ta trapadupa ths omdias Oa SieAOn % Bacidixy 
TwouTH.  Lvyxypdvas Oa dSuvynOAte va idnre Kai THV 
A.B.Y. THV Acadoxov, Ipiyenmiccav Lodiav: o avfuyos 
avths, 0 Atddoyos, Aov&E ths Xmdptns, ov apynyos 


nr > n nr »” »” 
Tov évtav0a otpatov, éotar edpimros. 


IIpo@upos pirnoas 


“Erévn II— 


ae 
at ye me 
iE a 2a : 


ha 





VOCABULARIES. 


aha 


52 Ae 
pnt aid 
‘Shing 





GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 





I. 
Feminine nouns in 7 of the first declension, 
(See Lesson IV.) 


Vv &yarrn, ove. eoxh, country, country-house. 
yGyKadn, embrace. éopth, holiday. 
aSeAH, séster. émiypath, zuscription. 
a&Koh, hearing. émurroAn, etter. 
ad\Aayh, change. émitpomn, comity. 
v Gdpn, drine. edxX, wish, prayer. 
dAouph, osntment. « Lérrn (vig.), eat. 
v dvayKn, zecessity. Lon, /2fe. 
avaroAh, rising (of the sun); Zast. - {ovn, delt. 
apern, virtue. » Béppn, fever. 
apxn, beginning; authority. , kahkootvyn, goodness, kindness. 
aorpanrh, lightning. KatTacKevh, construction. 
avyy, dawn. KataoTpodh, destruction. 
avAn, court. Kepadh, head. 
&hopph, cause. y KAlvy, bed. 
* BedXovn, needle. Kron, theft. 
Bovdh, parliament. kAwoth, thread. 
Bpovrnh, thunder. y K6pn, £i7/; pupil of the eye. 
Bpoxh, ~azn. Kopuh, fof. 
yh, carth. Kvpiany, Sunday. 
* yvopun, opznion. ¥ Adorn (vig.), mud. 
Siarayh, command. v Aekdvyn, wash-bow!. 
v Slen, dawsuit. v Abt, sorrow. 
Spaxpn, drachma (=1 franc). vy paxy, Fazt/e. 
v elphvn, peace. v pn, drunkenness. 
» Aenpootvn, charity. v pedérn, study. 


© &abAdn, cousin. BNXaVh, machine. 


a 


< 


< 


190 


povh, monastery. 
POVTLKH, 2USiC. 


piry (vig.), 205¢. 


vin, victory. 


opyh, auger. 
opph, start, spring. 
Spobh, r00/ 


mapackeuh, Preparation ; Friday. 


Tléprryn, Zhursday. 
mTeprypadh, description. 
mpoo Bodh, attack, offense. 
Tporevxh, Prayer. 
Tpowoxh, attention. 
TporTayh, command. 


' wedtvn, m00n. 
, oKadn, wash-tud. 


oKyvh, scene; tent. 

orp, 22stant, moment ; point. 
ovyyvonn, forgiveness. 
cupBovdrh, advice. 

cuptAokh, fight. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


cvvavacrpoph, social meeting. 
cXOAN, school. 

Tapaxh, disturbance. 
Teroapakoorh, Lent. 


* Terdpryn, Wednesday. 


Tinh, Aonor, price. 
ToApy, daring. 


» Telrn, Zuesday. 


< 


tpodn, food. 
Troéry (vig.), pocket. 


~ rbxn, chance, fortune. 


brepBorn, exaggeration. 
tbroypahh, signature. 
tbrodoxh, reception. 
bropovy, Patience. 
bpikyn, Lorror. 

ovdakh, guard, prison. 
dovh, voice. 


» XA6n, grass. 


II. 


Xopdh, cord. 
Wx 7h, soul. 


Feminine nouns in a pure of the first declension. 
(See Lesson V.) 


aykivdpa (vig.), artichoke. 
aykupa, anchor. 

a&yopa, market, buying. 
dywvia, agony. 

adeca, Zeave. 

G8ikla, injustice. 
a8uvapla, meckness. 
a8avacla, immortality. 
alria, xeason. 

axa8apala, dirt. 

dkpa, edge. 

axplBea, exactness, dearness. 
GAGea, truth. 

Gpdbeaa, sgnorance. 


dpapria, sz7. 
apdBorla, doudt. 
avonola, zonsense, stupidity. 
ala, worth. : 
aoBévera, 2//ness. 
adoruvopla, police. 

Bla, violence, hurry. 
Broypadia, biography. 
Bropynxavia, zzdustry. 
Bpaxvroyla, conciseness. 
yéhupa, bridge. 
yewypadia, geography. 
yewpyla, agriculture. 
yovla, corner, angle. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


Seba, right hand. 
Stadopa, difference. 
Svoruxla, misfortune. 
éxxAnola, church. 
éXala, olive-tree. 
éhevOepla, Ziberty. 
évvowa, mcaning. 
eEovela, authority. 
érrapxla, province. 
émipavera, surface. 
épyacia, work. 
éomrépa, evening. 
éraipla, association, society. 


evyévera, sobility, politeness. 


evKatpla, occasion. 
evKoAla, facility. 

{ypla, damage. 
{Lwypadla, painting. 
mAtkla, age. 

hepa, day. 
Hpepopnvla, daze. 
Hovxla, guzet, rest. 

Gea, goddess. 

Véa, view. 

Beopnvla, wrath of God. 
Bepamela, cure; suite. 
Bewpla, theory. 

Onpa, A207. 

Opynokela, religion. 
Qipa, door. 

WSéa, zea. 

immacta, ding. 
toropla, Aistory. 

kakla, badness. 
kakokatpla, dad weather. 
KadoKatpla, cood weather. 
kdpapa (vlg.), dedroom. 
Kapdpa (vig.), arch. 
kapdla, Aeart. 
Kkatoukla, aditation 
Kibdpa, euzlar. 


Kotla, stomach. 

kupla, /ady. 

Kopwdla, comedy. 
AcroOupla, fainting. 
Aetroupyla, liturgy, service. 
Aépa (vig.), dirt. 

ipa, lyre. 

pavdpa (vig.), closure. 
pavia, mania. 

paxaipa, £727/e. 
peyahompérea, magnificence. 
peAwdla, melody. 

peravora, repentance. 
pupwdla, perfume. 

6byyla, guzdance, instruction. 
olkla, house. 

olkoyévera, family. 
olkovopla, economy. 
oxvypla, Jaziness. 

Gpirla, speech, homily. 
Opdvoia, concord. 

ovpa, Zaz/. 

ovola, substance. 

mamma (vig.), duck. 
mapayyedta, message, order. 
taped, cheek. 

mapourta, Droverd. 
mapovola, presence. 
meptovola, fortune. 
TEpLOTEepa, Pzgcon. 
mepiépera, czrcum ference. 
métpa, store. 

tAnpodopla, z2formation. 


wrvorTpa (vig.), washes woman. 


mood (vlg.), apron. 
amper Pela, Zegation. 


mpwta, morning. 


mupkatd, fire. 

wepa, Zurn. 
onpala, fag. 

Kid, shade, shadow. 


191 


192 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 
copia, wisdom. pirla, friendship. 
orapved (vig.), jug ful. prrtodoyla, /iterature. 
orod, gallery. drroftevia, hospitality. 
ovyko wvia, communication. prrtotrarpla, patriotism. 
cupmabera, sympathy. dirocodpia, philosophy. 
cupdevia, agreement; symphony. rrotiupla, self-esteem. 
ouvéxera, continuation. opa, “ime ; direction. 
ouvyPea, custom. dota (vig.), fre. 
cvvoikia, fows-guarter. dhotoypadia, photograph. 
cvvopirta, conversation. dwroxvela, 2//umination. 
oohaipa, ball, sphere. Xapa, joy. 

Travia, rzbbon. xnpela, chemistry. 
tipwpla, punishment. XHpa, widow. 

Tpaywdla, tragedy. XoA€pa, cholera. 

vyela, health. Xpela, necessity. 

vrarela, consular service. XUTpa, saucepan. 
vrepnpavera, pride. XSpa, country. 
davracta, imagination. wpa, hour. 


0opa, damage. 
III. 


Feminine nouns in a not pure of the first declension, with 
gen. in ys. 


(See Lesson VI.) 


al@ovea, drawing-room. Odracca, sea. 

dpata, carriage. - pAuroa, dee. 

Bacitiooa, gucen. potoa, muse. 

yAéooa, tongue, language. metva, hunger. 

Shpa, thirst. pita, root. 

S6Ea, glory. Tpamela, table, bank. 
IV. 


Feminine nouns ina not pure of the first declension, with 
gen. in as. 


(See Lesson VI.) 


Bapxa, oat. SovAa, mard-servant. 
Botproa, brush. KéAAa, starch, glue. 
yara, cat, Kohova, column, 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 193 


kovKAa, do//. covma, soup. 

Adprra, Zam. Traparoa, ferrace. 
opPpédAAa, wazdrella. TpéAXa, madness. 
macTa, paste. déra, slice. 

WHTTA, P7e. dopada, mare. 

mépta, door. - dovkta, handful. 
mpoPariva, ezwe. pdovda, strawherry. 
pd68a, wheel. Wa, straw-matting. 
oKdda, staircase, ladder. Wixa, soft part of bread. 


oKovma, broom. 
V. 


Masculine nouns of the first declension. 
(See Lesson VII.) 


aoBéorns, ime. paxyntys, combatant. 
BiBAtoTraAns, Jookseller. vavTns, sailor. 
Svev8uvTas, director. veavias, yous man. 
SikacTys, jude. VUKYTHS, Victor. 
StoucyntHs, governor. vonapxns, prefect. 
értBarns, Passenger. omAirns, soldier (heavy-armed). 
émrrarns, overseer. TavToToANs, Lvocer. 
épyarns, workman. TrounTHs, Poet. 
Qearhs, spectitor. mwoXlrns, citizen. 
KadnyynTHs, /7ofessor. mperBevtys, ambassador. 
Katrvotadns, fobacconist. pamrns, Zazlor. 
Khérrys, thief. orpariorys, soldier. 
KuBepyqrys, captain. cuvTrayparapx ys, colonel. 
ktiorys, builder. Taplas, cashier. 
Anorhs, brigand. bmnpéerns, servant. 
Aoxlas, sergeant. Xaprnys, ap, paper. 
pabyrhs, Pupzl. Warrns, chanter. 

VI. 


Masculine nouns of the second declension. 
(See Lesson VIII.) 


ayyedos, azgel. abeAds, brother. 
"Ayydos, Lnglishman. derds, cagle. 
aypds, field. "Apeptxavés, American. 


194 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


dvepnos, wind. 
avepids, zephew. 
avOpwos, man. 
GfiwpariKds, officer. 
apyupos, sz/ver. 
apiOuds, sumer. 
apxnyds, chze/. 
Barpaxos, frog. 
Bios, /ife. 

Bpaxos, rock. 
Bopés, altar. 
Téaddos, Hrenchman. 


yapBpdos, bridegroom, son-in-law. 


yapos, marriage. 
Teppavés, German. 
Sdxtudos, finger. 
SHpapXos, mayor. 
Sipos, municipality. 
SiaBodos, devil. 
SiaSoxos, successor. 
Si8do0Kados, Zeacher. 
Siknydspos, Jawyer. 
Sotdos, slave, servant. 
Spdpos, road. 
eutropos, werchant. 
emrapxos, swb-prefect. 


eVLwvos, Greek soldier in national 


dress. 
éxOpds, exemy. 
éwodpos, morning star. 
{680s, deer. 


Hyobpevos, suferior of a monastery. 


HAvos, 527. 

HXOS, sound. 
OdrAapos, chamber. 
Odpvos, bush. 
Oavaros, death. 
Qeds, God. 
Onoavpéds, “reassure. 
Qd6ros, dome. 
QdpuBos, 20/se. 


Opdvos, throne. 
Oupds, anger. 
Bupwpds, Zorter. 
tatpds, doctor. 
immoKk6mos, £7voon. 
tarmos, horse. 

to Opds, 2sthmus. 
*Ioravés, Spaniard. 
*Iradds, /talian. 
Ka.pdés, weather. 
KaKotpyos, cv7minal. 
Katrvds, smoke, tobacco. 
Kaptrés, /ri7t. 
Kepauvds, thunderbolt. 
Kiros, carden. 
xlv8vuvos, danger. 
KAddos, dranch. 
KAfpos, clergy. 
KéATos, gulf. 
KopBos, £700. 

Koos, fatigue. 
Koppos, fruk. 
Kéopos, world. 
Kp6TOS, 7207S¢. 

Kuptos, master, gentleman. 
Aaywés, hare. 
Aatpds, eck. 

ads, People. 

AlBos, szone. 

AdbKos, wolf. 
Aoyaptacpds, 47//, account. 
Adyos, speech, reason. 
Addos, A777. 

ASXos, company. 
payerpos, cook. 
PNXAaVLiKdS, evg7neer. 
pirOds, wages. 
pOAUBS0s, ead. 
povaxds, monk. 
Poveikds, musician. 
vas, Zemple, 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


vavapxos, admiral. 
vatros, freight. 
vexpos, dead. 

vopos, Jaw. 
EvAoupyds, carpenter. 


OPorSs, small copper coin (cent). 


SykKos, MaSS. 

odnyds, Luzde. 
odSoumdpos, fraveler. 
oSovroiarpés, dentist. 
olkos, house. ° 

olvos, wine. 

évos, donkey. 

Spkos, oath. 
ophavds, orphan. 
ovpavés, sky, heaven. 
opbadpds, eye. 
dxAos, populace. 
TAYOS, 7ce. 

mevOepds, father-in-law. 
w(8os, jar. 

tidos, hat. 

todos, riches. 
680s, desire. 
ToAELOS, War. 
TOvOS, Pain. 
TWOVTLUKOS, 720USE. 
TOTAHLOS, 72VEr. 
™Tpoyovos, azcestor. 
‘Péooos, Russian. 
owakkos, sack. 
ol8npos, zvon. 


owamirpos, mustara-plaster. 


otros, wheat. 

oKynTrovxos, sceptre-bearer. 
wkovdos, cap. 

oratdos, stadle. 

orTaupos, cross. 

orépavos, crown of flowers. 
orédos, ficet. 

oTdpaxos, stomach. 


ortpatnyés, ceneral. 
oTpardos, army. 
otpoBiros, whirlwind. 
orvdos, column. 
cupBoraroypados, zo/ary. 
civtTpopos, comrade. 
cifvyos, husband. 
owpds, heap. 

Taos, tomb. 

tithos, cide. 

Totxos, wall. 

TOmos, volume. 

TOvoS, accent. 

TétTos, Place. 

Totpxos, 7urk. 
Tpayos, he-goat. 
Tpeddés, madman. 
tpdpos, fright. 
TpOTOS, manner. 
Tpoxds, wheel. 

TbTOS, Press. 

Tupds, cheese. 

tupdds, blindman. 
bids, 507. 

brddAndos, clerk. 
tratos, Roman consul. 
trvos, sleep. 


broupyés, minister of state. 


baxeddos, envelope. 
aves, lantern. 
pappakotroids, apothecary. 
edrXOs, cork. 

biros, friend. 
dir6co0gos, Philosopher. 
ddvos, murder. 

dpos, Zax. 

doipvos (vlg.), over. 
XOAKés, copper. 
Xelpappos, stream. 
XApos, wzdower. 
Xotpos, P7g. 


195 


196 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


xopds, chorus, dance. Contracted. (See Lesson XII.) 
Xpirtiaves, Christian. 
Xpirrés, Christ. 
Xpdvos, ¢ime (vlg. year). 
Xpvods, gold. 

Warps, psalm. 
@Keaves, ocean. 

apos, shoulder. 


amétous, departure by sea. 
SidtAovus, Passage by sea. 
KatTamAous, arrival by sea. 
vous, mind. 

tots, journey by sea. 

pots, current. 


e 


Attic. (See Lesson XVI.) 


PivéKepws, rhinoceros. 


VII. 
Feminine nouns of the second declension. 
(See Lesson IX.) 


aBvowos, abyss. 686s, street. 

Gppos, sand. maveéAnvos, ful] moon. 
Gptreos, vine, vineyard. meplodos, period. 
elcodos, entrance. paBS0s, vod, cane. 
"Hrewpos, continent; Epirus. cilvyos, w7/e. 

AéwBos, doa. Wihos, vote. 


peB0S0s, method. . 
vijros, island. Attic. (See Lesson XVI.) 


vomos, disease. amrékpews, carnival. 


VIII. 
Neuter nouns of the second declension. 
(See Lesson X.) 


ayyetov, vase. ypadetov, office, desk. 
dykirrpov, hook. SévBpov, free. 

avakropov, palace. Sixkacrhpiov, ¢rzbunal. 
apvlov, damd. Swpdariov, room. 
a&rpdtdovov, steamer. SHpov, vi/7. 

avyév (vlg.), egg. elourhprov, Zicher. 
Baddvriov, purse. tEodov, expense. 

BiBrAlov, do0k. émiokerrThpiov, visiting-card. 
Bouvvév, mountain. — épyadciov, fo0/, instrument. 


Botrupov, butter. épyov, work. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 197 


épelmiov, ruin. 

evayyéAov, gospel. 

{wov, animal. 

NREporAdyiov, calendar. 

HpepopicBiov, day's wages. 

Npepovixtiov, 24 hours (a day and 
night). 

npaloreov, volcano. 

Géarpov, theatre. 

Bewpetiov, theatre-box. 

imrmukdv, cavalry. 

KabiKov, duty. 

KaAdGiov, basket. 

Kkatrvotrwieiov, fobacco shop. 

KapBovvoy (vlg.), coa/. 

KévTpov, centre. 

Kepadarov, capital ; chapter. 

KiBaotiov, box. 

Kowdv, dushel. 

Kowvov, pudlic. 

KOKKaAov (vlg.), doze. 

Kopdctov, 9777. 

Koupetov, darber’s shop. 

Kpvoraddov, crystal. 

Aabpepmrdpiov, smugeling. 

Adxavov, cabbage. 

Aehipavov, remains ; funeral. 

’ Nerrév, minute; small coin (4 of a 
cent). 

pappapov, marble. 

pETOVvUKTLOV, midnight. 

pérwtrov, forehead. 

piAov, apple. 

PNXavUK6YV, exgineer corps. 

povacThplov, morastery. 

puardv (vlg.), drain. 

pupov, myrrh, perfume. 

puerhptov, mystery. 

puotpiov, trowel. 

VQUTLKOV, 720VY. 

vepov (vlg.), water. 


vetpov, merve. — 

vorokopetov, hospital. 

Eevodoxeiov, hosel. 

EvAov, wood, stick. 

olkétedov, building Jot. 

oivorwdeiov, wine-shop. 

dvetpov, dream. 

omwprkov, table-fruit. 

dépyavov, organ. 

Sptov, /imit. 

TavToTwreiov, grocery. 

mapadupov, widow. 

mapdtrovov, complaint. 

tediov, plain. 

melikov, zufantry. 

TWEPLOTATLKOYV, OCCUrrence. 

muatov (vig.), plate. 

mora (Ta), pledges. 

tAeupov, side. 

tAotov, ship. 

twoiwviov, flock. 

mpoBatov, sheep. 

Tpdcwtov, face. 

awrynvov, bird. 

amupoPodrkdv, artillery. 

tmupoBddov, £772. 

pivopaktpov, handkerchief. 

poddkivov, peach. 

pdodov, rose. 

povxov (vlg.), garment. 

potradov, cudgel. 

onpetov, point, sign, signal. 

orTadvov, career; race-course; meas- 
ure of distance (600 ft.). 

oro.xeiov, clement. 

TvyXapyTipia (rd), 


tions. 


congratula- 


cupBdravov, contract. 
cupBovrALov, counsel. 
cupdhepov, zzéerest. 
cbvvehov, cloud. 


. 


~ 


198 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


owvvopov, /rontier. 
oxédv0v, plan. 
oxorctov, school. 
Tapetov, freasury. 
TaXvdpopetov, Jost-office. 
téxvov, child. 
Tedwvetov, custom-house. 


TEMAXLOV, Piece. 


THAreypadetov, telegraph-office. 


tTofov, bow, arch. 
TptavradvAdov (vlg.), vase. 
Tovyapov (vlg.), cigar. 
brokdpicov, shirt. 
brddoutov, rest, remaining. 
dayntov, meal, eating. 
dappaketov, pharmacy. 


pevoxopetov, madhouse. 
birdrov, leaf. 

idov, sex, race. 

dutév, plant. 

xoplov, village. 

Wytov, roast. 

a6v, egg. 


Contracted. (See Lesson XII.) 


orrody, Jone. 


Attic. (See Lesson XVI.) 


avoyewv, carret. 
Katayewv, vround-floor. 
tréyewv, underground cellar. 


IX. 


Neuter diminutive nouns in c of the second declension. 


(See Lesson XI.) 


ayyotp., cucumber. 
aykab., thorn. 
Gyopr, /ittle boy. 
ayay., fare. 
GAcipr, flour. 
Gpat., carriage. 
GpréeX., vineyard. 
dpvl, dpvadk, Jamd. 
avril, car. 

a&xotpr, stadle. 
BapBak, cotton. 
Bpaxiort, dracelet. 


« Brorl, violin. 


yaidotp., donkey. 
youpotur, Azz. 


* $a8l, kindling wood. 


SaxtvAl&, ring. 
Sévre, tooth. 
{evyapt, pair. 


~ 


KaAdO, small basket. 

Kahapapt, zzkstand. 

KadoKkaipt, summer. 

Kavatt, 72g. 

KapaBpr, skip. : 
KapTrov(., watermelon. 

Kapvo., s207. 

KaTaptt, mast. 

Kepapvd:, drick. 


» Kepl, candle. 


Kepart, head. 


~ KrAadl, Ley. 


KAouBl, cage. 
KOPPaTL, Dzece. 
komad, herd, pack. 
kop(tor, o7r/. 
KovBapt, da// of yarn. 
kovdodu, de//. 
Kovvédi, rabbit. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


KoupéeAt, vag. 
Kodiv, large basket. 


~Kpacl, wire. 


KpeBBart, ded. 

Kuviyyt, A277. 
Kovvovm., mosquito. 
kovvouTrid., cauliflower. 
KouvTdAt, spoon. 

AGB, o7/. 

Aaive, jug. 

Aepove, Zemon. 

Aovpl, strap. 


~ payatt, shop. 


BaAAL, zwool. 

pavdAAr, fasdierclaep 
paxaipr, £72/e. 

peddve, zk. 

perder, szZh. 

povddpr, ze. 
vepavrTt., ditter orange. 


~ wynol, zsland. 


fetd., vznegar. 
Eupddu, vazor. 
matap., market. 
tmavyvibt, same, play. 
waka, palace. 


TahAnKapr, youth; brave man, hero. 


mavaip., basket. 
mavynyup., fair; féte. 
mavi, cotton cloth. 
TamrovTot, shoe. 
Trapapver, story. 
mwemrove, uzelon. 
Tepiorrépt, Digcorn. 
werol, skin, leather. 
mnpotu, fork. 

768i, foot. 
TOPTOKGAL, orange. 
twotipt, drinking-glass. 
mwovAl, bird, chicken. 


v 


ra 


199 


mpoodr, ‘owe. 

padik., chicory. 

pera, radish. 

oirap., wheat. 

oKoTad., darkness. 
cKouTlbd., sweepings, rubbish. 
omabi, sword. 

omit, house. 


~ oTrapvl, 72g. 


orepav, crown of flowers. 
ohovyyapt, sponge. 
oTAPVAL, Lape. 

oxouvl, vofpe. 

TraBave, roof. 

ragetd., journey. 

tldpe, widow-pane. 
THYaAVL, /rying-pan. 


Sue 
ToL, fea. 


« tupl, cheese. 
- roupal, Pickle. 


tpayl, he-gout. 


« badt, glass. 


- hayl, cating. 


davapr, antern. 
dhappakt, pozson. 
dacotAL, dean. 
heyyapt, 007: 
deib., sake. 
britfave, cap. 
brinn, wick. 
Xayeare, corridor. 
Xave, 2727. 
xapril, paper. 
Xépt, Zand. 
XovArdpr, spoon. 
xovl, funnel. 
Xopadu, field. 
War, sczssors. 
Wapr, fish. 
opt, dread. 


200 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULAR/ES. 


. 


Masculine and feminine nouns of the third declension. 


(See Lessons XVII, XVIII.) 


ayabdrns, -Tos, 7, goodness, kind- 
Ness. 

ayedds, -dos, 7, cow. 

aykov, -vos, 6, elbow. 

ayav, -vos, 0, combat. 

aSdapas, -vTos, 6, diamond. 

andav, -dvos, 7, nightingale. 

GHP, -cpos, 0, a7r. 

aidv, -vos, 0, century, age. 

axris, -ivos, 7, ray. 

dAwmnE, -exos, 7, fox. 

dvat, -xTos, 0, king. 

avnp, -dpds, 6, mar. 

av@paé, -Kos, 6, coal. 

avOav, -vos, 6, fower-garden. 

"Apap, -Bos, 0, Arad. 

apma£, -yos, 6, ravisher. 

a&orTHp, -épos, 0, star. 

avArak, -xos, 6, trench. 

Bods, -ods, 6, ox. 

Bpadirys, -ros, 7, slowmess. 

Bpaxlwv, -ovos, 6, arm. 

yeltwv, -ovos, 6, neighbor. 

yéAws, -T0S, 6, daughter. 

yépwv, -vTos, 0, old man. 

yuvnh, -axds, 7, woman. © 

yo, -1bs, 6, condor. 

Saipwv, -ovos, 6, demon. 

SidOepitis, -dos, 7, diphtheria. 

EBSopds, -dos, 7, week. 

elkav, -dvos, 7, image. 

éhédas, -vTos, 6, elephant. 

“EAAds, -dos, 7, Greece. 

"EAAny, -os, 6, Greek. 

eEox drys, -Tos, 7, excellence, excel- 
lency. 


éotrepis, -dos, 7, evening party. 

éprpepis, -dos, 7, zewspaper. 

HYEpov, -dvos, 6, Prince. 

Hpws, -os, 6, hero. 

Opie, rpixds, 7, hair. 

Ovyarnp, -Tpbs, 7, daughter. 

iSpas, -Tos, 6, perspiration. 

loxts, -os, 7, strength. 

ix 8vs, -os, 7, fish. 

Kavowv, -os, 0, heat. 

Kipvé, -xos, 0, herald. 

KAavOpev, -vos, 6, place (vale) of 
tears. 

KAnTHP, -pos, 6, Policeman. 

Kowas, -dos, 7, valley. 

KéAag, -xos, 6, flatterer. 

Kopak, -Kos, 6, crow. 

KOO PLOTS, -Tos, 7, decency. 

KUKEdv, -vos, 0, chaos, confusion 

Kodev, -vos, 0, bell. 

Adkwv, Laconian. 

Aapmpdrys, -Tos, 7, drilliancy. 

Adpvyé, -yvos, 6, throat. 

Aéwv, -vTos, 6, ion. 

Aphy, -évos, 6, port. 

Mapaddv, -vos, 6, Marathon. 

peyaredrns, -Tos, 7, masesty. 

phy, -vds, ), mouth. — 

BATHP, -Tpds, H, mother. 

poppe, -Kos, 6, ant. 

pio, ros, 6, shortsighted man. 

vedTns, -Tos, 7, youth. . 

vv§, -xrbs, H, night. 

dSovs, -dvTos, 6, tooth. 

Ovuk, -xos, 6, zal. 

mats, -dds, 6, doy; , girl. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 201 


TlapQevav, -vos, 6, Parthenon (vitr- oraydv, -vos, 7, drop. 


gin’s temple). oralepsrys, -Tos, 7, constancy. 
martnp, -Tpds, 6, father. TWTHP, -pos, 0, saviour. 
marpls, -dos, ), native country. TAXUTHS, -Tos, 7, Speed. 
mépdiE, -Kos, 7, Partridge. PrdE, -76s, 7, flame. 
alvak, -Kos, 0, Picture; index. dpovtis, -dos, 7, care. 
mlOné, -Kos, 6, ape. bvAak, -Kos, 6, guardian. 
TAGE, -xdbs, 7, slate. XGAvyp, -Bos, 6, steed. 
movs, -0dds, 6, foot. Xapts, -Tos, 7, grace. 
mrépvt, ~Yos, 7, wing. XElLOV, -vos, 0, winter. 
PATwP, -opos, 0, orator. xelp, -pds, 7, Land. 
pvak, -xos, 6, stream. XeALbav, -dvos, 7, swallow. 
Zadrapls, -tvos, 7, Salamis. XA, -ds, 7, goose. 
aoavis, -dos, 7, plank. XtTev, -dvos, 6, garment. 
TAaTwv, -vos, 6, soap. XpopraAae, -xos, 6, gendarme. 
owapt, -xbs, 7, flesh. OporTns, -Tos, H, cruelty. 
omovdaroTys, -Tos, 7, importance. @parsrys, -Tos, 7, beauty. 

XI. 


Neuter nouns of the third declension. 
(See Lesson XIX.) 


ayakpa, statue. éparrropa, spread. 

atpa, dlood. Gatpa, miracle. 

alvuypa, exigma. « Véapa, spectacle. 

aloe Onpa, sentiment. Oéua, theme, text, exercise. 
GXas, -ros, salt. Ka0iopa, seat, chair. 
avaornpa, figure, height, presence. Koppa, comma; party (political). 
Pipa, step, pulpit. KTipa, Property. 

Bréppa, Zook. Kpéas, -Tos, mcat, flesh. 
yada, -xros, milk. Kplua, sz, pity. 

yetpa, dinner. pabnpa, Zesson. 

ypappa, Zetter. pvbiorépypa, szovel. 

Sena, Parcel. vedpa, 10d. 

Séppa, shin. VOPLO PO, coin. 

Sidornpa, z2terval. Svopa, zame. 

Suffyynpa, sory. SXNPOA, carriage. 

Spapa, drama. Tmapayeuiopa (vlg.), stuffing. 
"Eap, -pos, spring. IIdéoxa (undecl.), Zaster. 


émxelpnpa, argument. TATwLA, floor. 


202 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


meiopa, obstinacy, spite. capa, ody. 
Tpaypa, ching. . wépas, -Tos, monster. 
mpoyeupa, Juncheon. TAA, section. 
Twoinpa, poem. Udwp, -aros, water. 
TOTLT PA, watering. vrddypa, dot. 
TTOpLA, corpse. Urépvynpa, memorandum. 
tip, -pbs, fire. tohacpa, cloth, stuff. 
petpa, current. dbavracpa, chost. 
oTépa, mouth. phirnpa, £755. 
orTpapa, ayer, mattress. as, -rds, light. 
ovvTaypa, constitution, regiment. XApTovopiopa, Paper-currency. 
ovoTHnpa, system. XPHpPa, money. 
ohddpa, fault. Xpopa, color. 
oxipa, form, shape, figure. XGpa, sozl. 

XII. 


Masculine nouns in evs of the fourth declension. 
(See Lesson XX.) 


Bactrets, kin. lepets, priest. 
yovets, Parent. imtevs, rider. 
Ypapparevs, secretary. Koupevs, dardber. 
ypadheds, copyist. Tlepavets, Piraeus; citizen of 
Sexaveds, corporal. Piraeus. 
Oncedis, Theseus. cvyypadets, author. 
XIII. 


Feminine nouns in ts of the fourth declension. 
(See Lesson XX.) 


alrOnors, sense. yvaots, knowledge. 

ddvois, chain. Sypoclevors, publication. 
dvakdAruipis, discovery. Sidberis, disposition. 
avatravets, repose. SuevOuveis, direction, address. 
dvoutis, spring. Siolkynots, government. 
arddekis, proof. Sivapis, Power. 

arépacis, decision. Stois, sunset. 

Bptots, fountain. elinois, ews. 


yetous, faste. éxSlknos, revere. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 203 


exSoots, edition. 
exmrAntts, surprise. 
extratSevots, zzstruction. 
eXevots, advent. 

Evwots, wzion. 
eEalpeois, exception. 
eEqyyots, explanation. 
éravadn pis, repetition. 
éparyots, guestion. 
evxaplorynots, pleasure. 
BAnorts, wei. 

Véois, Position. 

OAtpus, sorrow. 
KaTadoracts, s7tualion. 
Karaxpyots, abuse. 
kivyois, movement. 
KoAacts, Ze//. 
KuBépvyots, government. 
Adbors, solution. 
peradpacis, translation. 
Opekis, appetite. 

ois, face. 

mapadoots, fradition. 
TapaKrAnots, prayer. 
waparatis, parade. 
Tapathpyots, observation. 
TapacTacis, presentation. 


mato, stoppage. — 

mepitroinots, kind attention. 

amiotis, faith. 

tos, wash. 

mwéXus, city. 

mpagis, act. 

mpooKAnots, 2vitation. 

mpdoTtacts, proposal. 

mpdpacis, pretext. 

wrracs, fall. 

onpelwots, 70/e. 

orders, standing, revolt. 

ovyxvots, confusion. 

oularynois, discussion. 

ctotacis, establishment, recom- 
mendation. 

oxXéots, relation. 

Takis, order, class. 

UBpts, zsz/z. 

wmdbeois, affair, supposition. 

UToAn ps, esteem, reputation. 

Uméaxers, Promise. 

vox péwots, obligation. 

prriodppdvycis, amzadbility. 

dios, nature. 

XPATIs, Wwe. 


XIV. 


Neuter nouns in os of the fifth declension. 
(See Lesson XXII.) 


aloxos, shame. 
avOos, flower. 
Babos, depth. 
Bapos, weight. 
yévos, vender, race. 
Sacos, forest. 
€Ovos, sation. 
eSados, soz/. 

eldos, Zind. 


eros, year. 

{etyos, pair. 

Oappos, courage. 

Gépos, summer, harvest. 


~ txvos, race. 


KaAXos, beauty. 

képSos, gain. 

Kpatos, state, dominion. 
AdBos, mistake. 


204 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULAR/ES. 


pepos, fart. 

pioos, hatred. 

Eidos, sqword. 

dpos, mountain. 
mwa00s, Passion, suffering. 
maX0S, fat, thickness. 
méAayos, open sea. 
twévOos, mourning. 
oKdTos, darkness. 
oriGos, breast. 
teixos, city wall. 
tédos, end ; tax. 


thos, style. 
inpos, height. 
Xedos, Jip ; edge. 
xpéos, duty, debt. 
Weirdos, ie. 
Wixos, cold. 


Feminine nouns in ws and wo. 
aides, modesty. 


NX, echo. 
mwedo, Sersuasion. 


XV. 


Masculine and feminine nouns of the sixth declension. 
(See Lesson XXIII.) 


adetrod, 77, fox. 
dpatas, 6, coachman. 
yoAaras, 6, milkman. 
Kavatrés, 6, sofa. 
KATapdas, 6, szew. 
KameAds, 6, hatter. 
Katidés, 6, satin. 


Kadés, 6, coffce. 


Kader{ fs, 6, waiter at a coffee-house. 


Keprés, 6, meat-ball. 
KouBas, 6, ducket. 


paorkapds, 6, masked man, villain. 


paipod, 7, monkey. 

pevetés, 6, violet. 

mamas, 0, priest. 
TaTAMpaTas, 0, guiltcover-maker. 
mamovs, 6, grandfather. 
TwatrouTa is, 0, shoemaker. 
Tevekés, 0, fi. 

dayds, 6, great eater. 
daddaras, 6, carrulous man. 
prdés, 6, vermicelli. . 
Wapds, 6, fisherman. 

Wopds, 6, daker. 


XVI. 


Pure adjectives of the second declension with three 
terminations. 


(See Lesson XIII.) 


Gyptos, savage, wild. 
GOAL0s, miserable. 
G&8Gos, innocent. 


aloxpdés, shameful. 


alavos, eternal. 


dApupéds, salt. 

avdgvos, tzcapable, unworthy. 
avbpetos, brave. 

a&varepos, superior. 


-agvos, capable, worthy. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 205 


dpiorepds, /e/?. 
apxaios, ancient. 
axpetos, vile. 
BéBatos, certain. 


yevvaios, brave, generous. 


Seftds, right, skilful. 
Sypdoros, pudlic. 
S6AL0s, fraudulent. 
Spocepéds, fresh. 
éLadpés, ight. 
éXevBepos, ree. 
évavrios, contrary. 
épvOpés, ved. 

érepos, other. 
{wnpds, Zively. 


Baupdcros, admirable. 


Stalrepos, especial. 
tepds, sacred. 

tovos (vlg.), straight. 
toxupds, strong. 
Kabapds, clean. 


Kovdros (vlg.), Zollow. 


Kpvos, cold. 
KUpLos, master, sir. 
Aaptmpds, splendid. 
PAaTALOS, Vaz72. 
pérpios, moderate. 
pikpds, sazal/. 
pwpds, fvolish. 
vexpos, dead. 
Enpds, dry. 
oxvnpds, Jazy. 
Spovos, s7mzlar. 


oipdvios, heavenly. 
oxAnpéds, irksome. 
oxupds, fortified. 
tmahkads, old. 
Tapapikpos, sazadlest. 
TEPLEWOTEPOS, ML0re. 
mukpos, dz¢ter. 
tmAovcLos, rich. 
amviynpds, stifling. 
mohéu.os, hostile. 
twovnpos, s/y. 
TTWXOS, Poor. 
oKAnpés, ard. 
woBapds, serious. 
omrovdatos, 7 fortant. 
orepeds, solid. 
whodpés, violent. 
tiptos, Lonest. 
TtoAunpds, Jo/d. 
Tuxnpds, /ucky. 
vypds, wet, damp. 
terrepos, Jater. 
davepds, evident. 
hofepés, terrible. 
Wodros (vlg.), dead (of animals). 
Wuxpéds, cold. 

apatios, beautiful. 
axXpds, Pale. 


Have the feminine in y. 


adompos (vig.), white. 
padtpos (vlg.), d/ack. 
Xovdpes (vig.), thick. 


XVII. 


Adjectives not pure of the second declension with three 


ayabds, cvod-natured. 
adyarnrés, beloved. 


terminations. 
(See Lesson XIV.) 


ayvés, morally pure. 
GAXos, other. 


206 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


G&vouKTds, ofen. padAtvos, woolen. 
yedaorés (vig.), smiling. pebvopévos (vig.), cpsy. 
yeparos (vig.), /d/. pedayxpoivds, dark-complexioned. 
yeitovikds, zezghboring. petatwrds, sz/ken. 
yevikds, general. prods (vlg.), Zalf 
yveortés, known. povos, alone, only. 
yparrés, written. puotikds, secret, mystic. 
yupves, zaked. vauTiKds, aval. 

Sevrds, timid. verdes, fresh (not stale). 
Suvarés, strong; possible. Eévos, foreign. 
&hdxuoros, least. Eowvds, sour. 

éEwrepikds, external. oAlyos, Zittle. 
éowtepikds, 27fernal. ddos, all, entire. 

teords (vig.), Zot. ops, upright. 

nukes, moral. mapayenords (vig.), stuffed. 
Bepivds, summary. mapadofos, gucer. 
Beppds, warm. mapatevos, capricious. 
OnruKés, feminine. melds, on foot. 

Wikds, special, own. MWEPLTTOS, wzMECeSSATY. 
tos, equal. mbavés, probable. 
loxvds, thin. mots, faithful. 

Kakdés, dad. Tparivos, green. 

Kadés, good. TTWXOS, Poor. 

Kaipévos (vlg.), burned ; poor. mukvos, thick. 
KavoTtiKkds, burning. oepves, respectable. 
KevTpiKos, central. okortevds, dark. 
K(BSnros, dase, false. orevds, arrow. 
klrpivos (vig:), yellow. oTpatiwtikds, i/ilary. 
Keds, e/lustrious. words (vig.), complete. 
kAevorés, shut. vmrepBorukéds, exaggerated. 
Kéxktvos (vlg.), ved. vrodeptés, Jearable. 
KovrTés (vlg.), short. dynrds, Ligh. 

KouTds (vlg.), stupid. diros, dear. 

K@pPLK6S, Comic. burttkds, /riendly. 
Kkwodds, dea/. X@Ads, Jame. 

Aerrés, thin, spare. opds, raw. 


padakds (vig.), soft. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 207 


XVIII. 


Adjectives of the second declension with two terminations. 
3 (See Lesson XV.) 


aBéBaros, wzcertain. 
aBpacros, undoiled. 
Gyapos, wumarried. 
ayvworos, unknown. 
a&ypapparos, z//iterate. 
ayputvos, wakeful. 
&8id0er0s, Z2disposed. 
abvalperos, zzdivisible. 
G&SidKotros, zZ7zcessant. 
a&SiaKpitos, 22discreet. 
aStdemacrtos, unbroken. 
abiadhopos, zdifferent. 
GdiKos, wzjust. 
&Si6p8wrTos, Zzcorrigible. 
adoros, pure, without fraud. 
adivaros, weak; impossible. 
aeos, godless. 

a&xdPapros, wzzclean. 
akatolkyros, uninhabited. 
a&katép8wros, vot feasible. 
dAoyos, uuzreasonable. 
Gperos, smmediate. 


avéytos, stupid, unintelligible. 
dvortos, distasteful, disagreeable. 


amiBavos, zmprobable. 
amrotpétatos, detestable. 
amrpdéoeKtos, careless. 
adoxnpos, shapeless, ugly. 
araktos, wuruly. 
aripos, dishonorable. 
arpopos, fearless. 
adwvos, speechless. 


Suddopos, different. 


SicKodos, dificult. 
éyyapos, married. 

évdogos, e/orious. 

évtpopos, fearful. 

émiyeros, of the earth. 
émrlonpos, official, important. 
éroupos, ready. 

eVOupos, cay. 

evKoXos, casy. 

evpopdos, shapely, pretty. 
evxapioros, agrecable. 
Hpepos, Zame. 

HOvXOS, yuiet. 

KaOLbpos, 27 perspiration. 
KaOvypos, wet through. 
voorusos, lasteful, amusing: 
op0dSokos, orthodox. 
mavayabos, ost good. 
TOAVTULOS, Precious. 
aepldofos, glorious. 
civropos, brief. 
Ttadalmwpos, wzfortunate. 
vmrephpavos, proud. 
vrevOuvos, responsible. 
imTHKoos, subject. 

vmddoyos, accountable. 
Umromros, suspect. 

birtepyos, zvdustrious. 
birt<kevos, hospitable. 
irstipos, Proud (in a good sense). 
pdiapos, sarrulous. 
bpdvipos, prudent, well-behaved. 


apipos, rife. 


208 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


. XIX. 
Contracted adjectives of the second declension. 


(See Lesson XVI.) 


atdots, simple. 


& TENE Attic adjectives. 
pyvpois, sz/ver. 


Surdots, doudle. dvayews, above ground. 
Kpuiplvous, crafty. Karax pews, covered with debt. 
mophupots, purple. Katayews, vext to the ground. 
ovdnpots, zon. uUmdyews, underground. 
Tetpatdots, guadruple. Umrdx pews, obliged. 


TpitArods, rifle. 
XaAkots, copper. 
Xpvcots, golden. 


xX. 
Adjectives of the fourth declension in vs, v. 
(See Lesson XXI.) 


Babis, deep. nDdbs, seer. 

Bapts, heavy. otis, acute, pointed. 
Bpadis, s/ozw. maxvs, fat. 
yAukts, szwect. whats, broad. 
e00bs, straight. Taxus, guick. 


evpts, droad. 


xXiI. 
Adjectives of the fifth declension in ys, es. 
(See Lesson XXII.) 


abbas, zgnorant. edyevys, 20ble, polite. 

andhs, disgusting. evoeBhs, Pious, respectful. 
a&KpiBhs, exact. evreAhs, mcan. 

GAnOhs, true. evrux fs, Zappy. 

aoeBhs, impious. povoerhs, one-year-old ; Berths, two- 
aocGevhs, weak, ill. year-old, etc. 

avedins, impertinent. wAnpns, /ul/, complete. 

Sverux fs, unhappy, poor. cvyyevis, related. 


éykxparts, Zemperate, well-versed. Wevdhs, false. 
évbehs, indigent. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


XXII. 


Pronouns. 


(See Lessons XXVI, XXVII.) 


GAAnAoL, cach other. 
GAXos, another. 
airés, himself, (vlg.) this. 
Setva, somebody. 
éautés, self. 

éyo, J. 

éxeivos, chat. 

éu.ds, mine. 

érepos, other. 
NpéTEpOs, ours. 
lSuxds (vig.), ow. 


Kaels (kaGe, undecl.), cach. 


kavels (vlg.), zobody. 
Katrovos (vlg.), somebody. 
pepuKds (vlg.), some. 
Strovos (vlg.), whoever. 
Strov (vig.), chaz. 


bcos, as much. 
boris, who. 

Sonic Sfmote, whoever. 
ovdels, zobody. 
ovros, this. 

motos ; (vlg.), which ? 
awéaos ; how much? 
mov (vig.), that. 

o6és, thine. 

ov, thou. 

tls; who? 

tls, somebody. 
To.otros, szch. 
Té6a0S, so much. 
TorovTos, so big. 
vpérepos, yours. 


XX XT. 


Mute verbs. 


(See Lessons XIV, XV, XVL) 


a&yopato, Jzy. 


G&SerdLw (vig.), empty; have time. 


ddatife (vig.), salt. 
adelhw, smear. 
ddAr\doow, change. 
avaBiBaleo, raise. 
advayiwoorkw, read. 
avayKkatw, oblige. 
advayvwpl{w, recognize 
avakadvrro, discover. 
avaxoudl{w, relieve. 
dvakpale, cry. 
avarrw, kindle. 
dvikw, delong. 


avolyw, open. 

GEllw, de worth. 
amreknri{w, dishearten. 
améx@, be distant; desist. 


209 


G&ro8érw (from drorlOnur), deposit. 


arobvyicke, we. 
aropacl({w, decide. 
atrodetyw, avoid. 

apéokw, please. 

apx ilo, devin. 

aortparre, sparkle, lighten. 
arevilw, Jook fixedly. 
ahavitw, destroy. 

Badifw, walk, step. 


210 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


Bacavitw, torment. — 
Bada, dye. 

Bidtw, violate, force, hasten. 
Br€érra, sce. 

Bpdto, Joz7. 

Bpéx@, wet, rain. 
yepi{w (vig.), 727. 
yiwaoke, £0. 
yvepifw (vig.), sow. 
yeadhe, write. 

yupvate, exercise. 
yupife (vlg.), turn, return. 
Savelfw, Zend. 

Sekviw, show. 

SiaBdle (vig.), read. 
Siakdare, izterrupt. 
StacKkeddlo, amuse, be amused. 
Siatacow, command. 
Statpéxw, Zravel over. 
SiSdoKw, teach. 
Stopifw, ominate. 
Soxipdte, ry. 

éyyllw, touch. 

elkdlw, conjecture. 
exTAytTre, surprise. 
eebpdto, express. 
édtrifw, hope. 

éprrodi{ew (vlg.), prevent. 
eEahavitw, destroy. 
eerdlw, examine. 
émurKkevatw, repair. 
émuortpibw, return. 
émitpétra, allow. 

ex, have. 

Carlile, bewilder, bother. 
{uyle, weigh. 
{wypadifw, paint. 
Wovxatw, rest, be quiet. 
Odrre, bury. 

Savpato, admire. 


Gepife, mow. 
Gérw (from riOnu), place. 
KadvTTw, cover. 
Kkatrvilw, smoke. 
KkataBiBalo, take down. 
KaTadixalw, condemn. 
KkatatelOw, persuade. 
KATEXM, Occupy. 

Kepdifea, azn. 

KnpUTTM, proclaim. 
Krérrw, steal. 

Kitpivifw (vig.), set yellow, pale. 
kotravifw (vig.), chop. 
KoTida{e, work hard. 
K6TrTw, c2t. 

koupalw (vlg.), fatigue. 
koorifw (vig.), cost. 
Kpaleo, shout. 

KpvTTe, Aide. 

ktilw, build. 

KutTafw (vig.), Zook. 
Adptrw, shine. 

A€éyo, say. 

Aeltrw, be missing. 

Ahyo, finish. 

Aoyapidle, count, calculate. 
petadpate, translate. 
poipdtw, share, distribute. 
pupllo, svzell. 

virrrw, wash (the body). 
vopnl{w, think. 

Eeoyx (Lm (vig.), Zar. 
Ovopatw, ame. 

Spl{w, determine, fix. 
mallw, play. 

Tapayw, produce. 
Tmapovotatw, present. 
Traocxw, suffer. 

welOw, persuade. 
mepate, fease. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 211 


mero, send. 

TEpLeXxw, contain. 
tmeptopifa, /imit. 

TieLw, Press. 

winreo, fall. 

tmrAaytatw (vig.), Jay, lie down. 
TAEKM, Weave. 
mANnoaLw, vet near. 
tviyo, drown. 

motile, water. 

wparta, do. 

mpétmer, 2¢ must be. 
wpoBtBdlw, promote. 
mporéyo, foretell, 
tmpordiopl{w, determine. 


mporéxw, fake care, pay attention. 


tmpocbérw (trpor iby), add. 
TpoTTacaw, order. 

paylle, crack. 

parr, sew. 

pire, throw. 

oKatto, dig. 

oKeTralw, cover. 

oKotifew, bew7/der. 

omev8o, hurry. 

orovdatw, study; be in earnest. 
ora{w, drop (of a liquid). 
orTépao, crown. 

ornpl{w, support. 

oToditw, adorn. 

oTpéha, turn. 

ovdréyo, collect. 

oupPBiBdle, reconcile. 
cvvabpoife, collect, gather. 
cuvedprdto, sz¢ (in court, efc.). 


ouvebilw, accustom, be accustomed. 
TUVTPEXW, SUCCOr. 
ouxvatw, frequent. 
ohdtw, slaughter. 
oohlyye, tighten. 
oxedtalo, pan. 

oxito, fear. 

coatw, save. 

Tapatta, disturb. 
tpébw, feed. 

TPEXW, 72H. 

tpipw, rz. 

Tpopate, frighten, be frightened. 
TPaYw, cat. 

UBpife, zzszalt. 
Urapxo, exist. 
vrevOupl{o, remind. 
UToypahw, s77. 
vrobérw, suppose. 
vroTacaw, subject. 
heyyo, shine. 

hevyo, go away, depart. 
pitta, shudder. 
hpovrifw, have care. 
ovdarra, keep. 
dovatw, scream, call. 
Xaparrw, engrave. 
xapifo, make a gift. 
Xpnparife, de. 
Xpoparife, color. 
xopifa, separate. 
Wynoife, vote. 

ovite, duy (in market). 
capipdteo, rifen. 


212 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


XXIV. 


Liquid verbs with liquid future. 


apdiBddr\w, doubt. 
avaBddrAw, Zostpone. 
dvayyé&\Aw, announce. 
Gvapévw, wait. 


avaté\Aw, vse (of the sun). 


BarAXrw, put, throw. 
Sépw, deat. 

Staxplvw, distinguish. 
Siavéno, distribute. 
Siadépa, be different. 
SevOive, direct. 
émipéve, 27zsz5t. 
nkeipw (vig.), Low. 
Beppatve, heat. 
Kadpvo (vlg.), do. 
kAlve, bend. 
papatve, wzther. 
péva, remain. 
odpetho, owe. 

traipvw (vig.), take. 


TaAw, palpitate, agitate. 


mapaBpahrAw, compare. 


(See Lesson X VII.) 


mapayyeAw, send a message or 
command. 

Tmapacipw, drag along. 

maxvvo, fatten, get fat. 

Tepipéva, wait. 

trtVe, wash. 

mpoayyArw, foretell. 

mpooPddrw, attack, offend. 

mpordhépw, offer. 

onpatvw, mean; ring or trumpet. 

oteipw, sow. 

ovyxalpw, congratulate. 

cipw, pull, drag. 

otro, send. 

char, mistake. 

tpépw, tremble. 

tpedrAalvw, madden. 

tbroptpw, suffer. 

hépw, bring; wear. 

xalpw, de glad. 

Warro, sing. 

Wuxpatve, cool. 


XXV. 


Verbs in vw with future in cw. 


advakarévw (vig.), mix. 


adive, let, leave. 
y5bve (vig.), wzdress. 
Saykdve, dzze. 


Sdxvw (aor. na), dize. 


Sévw (Séw), Ze. 
eamldove, spread. 
{eoraivw (vlg.), warm. 


(See Lesson X VIII.) 


{ypidve, damage. 

Oupdve, vet angry. 

iSpdve, perspire. 

KaTop0dve, succeed; manage. 
Kpvévw (vig.), de cold, catch cold. 
Aepdve (vig.), sozi. 

Abva (Abw), loose, untie. 

parsve (vig.), scold. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 213 


peyaddvo, row, magnify. 
vuKTéve, night coming on. 
Evvw (Eéw), scratch, grate. 
muaveo (vlg.), catch, take hold of. 
Twayovw, freeze. 

TAnYOve, wound. 
TwAnpOvo, Day. 

mpop0dve, be in time. 
opiva, extinguish. 
onkove, /7/t. 

okave (vig.), burst. 
oKxoréve (vig.), 22/7. 
omdave (vig.), dreak. 
orepaveva, crown, marry. 
orhve (vig.), erect. 
Tederova, finish. 


XXV. 


revtovw (vig.), tighten. 
TuT6ve, print. 

tuprsve, blind. 

brox pedva, oblige. 

tipove, raise. 

davepsvw, make clear, disclose. 
O0dvea, arrive ; suffice. 
P0adve (vig.), make. 
dxapdve (vig.), empty. 
doptéva, load. 

Xavo, dose. 

Xoptalve, satiate, be satisfied. 
Xvvw, sp7l/. 

Xova, sink, plunge something. 
Wave, roast. 


(Continued.) 


Verbs in vw with second aorist and future. 


Baive, go. 

And its composites : 
avaBalve, climb, mount. 
kataBalve, descend. 
mapaBalve, cransgress. 


oupPatver (impers.), 2¢ happens. 


vrepBalva, surpass. 
AapPdve, ger. 
And its composites : 
dvahapBave, undertake. 


KaTahapBave, occupy; under- 
stand. 
mapadkapBave, receive. 
mpokapBave, azzticipate. 
cvlrAapBdve, catch, arrest. 
pavOdve, /earn, hear. 
TVYXavw, happen. 
And its composites : 
amrotuyxaves fil. 
émiTvyxave, succeed. 


XXVI 


Pure uncontracted verbs. 


(See Lesson XX.) 


G&yopevw, make a speech. 

d&Kovw, hear. 

avadvo, dissolve. 

Grokvw, dismiss. 

G&rokAvw (GrddAvpL), Jose. 
Statdéw, travel through (by sea). 


Sve, set (of the sun). 
évSuw, dress (somebody). 
eEodevw, spend. 
émtBovdrevw, plot against. 
tnreva, be jealous. 
Oepatrevw, serve; cure. 


214 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


larpevw, doctor, cure. 
Kalw, durn. 

Kivduvevo, be in danger. 
KAalw, weep, cry. 
KArelw, shit. 


Kovrevw (vlg.), de near (doing 


something). 
Aovw, wash (the body). 
Avw, loose, untie. 
payerpevo, cook. 
TapaKovw, disobey. 
maorTpevw (vig.), clean. 
TAVM, cease. 
muotevo, believe. 
mAéw, travel by sea, float. 


arvéw, dlow. 
mpopnleva, Procure. 
mpoodeva, Progress. 
péw, flow. 

celw, shake. 
ovykaTavevw, consent. 
wvyxéw, confound. 
cupBovrevo, advise. 
Tatedevw (vig.), sravel. 
UTaKkovw, obey. 


vravbpevo (vlg.), sive in marriage. 


hoveva, £i//. 


XpyTpevw, be of use. 
Xwpatevw (vig.), 7oke. 


XIEVII. 


Contracted verbs with characteristic a. 
(See Lesson X XI.) 


ayaa, Jove, like. 
arate, demand, require. 
aravTe, meet; answer. 
arate, cheat. 

Baore (vig.), hold. 
Bovre (vlg.), plunge. 
Bpovra, thunder. 

yero, laugh ; cheat. 
yevva, dear. 

Supa, be thirsty. 
eEurrve, awake. 

épwra, ask. 


Kabiora (kablornpt), establish. 


KAoto® (vig.), kick. 
KoAupBe (vig.), swim. 
Kpepo, Lang. 

KtuTre, deat. 

KuBepva, govern. 
Kuvnyo, hunt. 

pace, chew. 

pelo, get drunk. 
pedio, sile. 


pedera, study. 

VK, conquer. 

£exvo@ (vig.), forget. 
Oppe, rush. 

teva, be hungry. 
mepve (vig.), pass. 
weTo, fly; throw away. 
wyd0, jump. 

Tmrohkeno, war, fight. 
TPOTiLe, Prefer. 
owe, be silent. 
oKipta, bound. 
orapate (vig.), stop. 
cuvcra, recommend ; found. 
Tin@, honor. 

TOAp®, dare. 

TtpaBo, pull, drag. 
TpuTe@ (vig.), dore. 
dvow, blow. 

Xatpero, salute. 


XOA@ (vlg.), spo7l. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 215 


XSXVITI. 


Contracted verbs with characteristic e. 
(See Lesson XXII.) 


ayvow, ignore, not know. 
&5iKo, wrong. 


Grope, be in want of, in doubt. 


arooratea, revolt. 


a&roteho, accomplish, form. 


a&pket (imp.), 22 suffices. 
aobeva, be i//. 

Swpea, make a gift. 
exTeAXo, execute. 

éEnyo, explain. 
éemrBewpa, zsfect. 
érOupo, desire. 
émukpota, applaud. 
evepyeta, benefit. 
evroya, d/ess. 
evxapirra, thank. 
{ynTe, seck. 

Qappe (vlg.), chzzk. 
Oewpw, consider. 
Kabvarepa, be behindhand. 
KAKOTOLW, 772/u7re. 
Kade, zame, call. 


KatavT® (vlg.), de reduced. — 


Katynyope, blame, accuse. 
KaToKe, izhabit, live. 
KL@, MOVE. 

Kpata, hold. 

Aaho, Zalk. 

Acrrobupe, faint. 
AeTOTAKTA, desert. 

Ano pova, forget. 

Auto, sadden. 

pEeTaVvow, repent. 

PETPO, mecasure. 

pire, hate. 

oixodope, duz/d a house. 


Optho, Zalk. 

Oporoya, acknowledge. 

Twapa.te, let vo. 

TAPAKLVa, Z7c7Le. 

TApAKaa, bes, Pray. 

tmapaKodovdea, fo//ow. 

TApPATHpa, observe. 

wapetnya, misinterpret. 

TATw, step upon. 

TwAnpa, 7/7. 

TOW, make. 

TPOTKAA, 7727 fe. 

Tpockuve, salute. 

mpocrabe, try. 

ovykiva, affect. 

ovyKpata, hold together. 

TVvyXwpa, forgive. 

cu{yntTe, discuss. 

TULpeve, agree. 

TiLwpea, Purish. 

tpaywde (vig.), sig. 

Tupavve, tyrannize, illtreat. 

vpve, Jad. 

UINPETO, serve. 

P8ova, envy. 

bro, iss. 

prroverka, guarre/. 

prroteva, zender hospitality. 

ope (vlg.), wear. 

dpova, be of opinion. 

XetpoKpota, applaud (with the 
hands). 

Xopynyo, furnish. 

Xpeacra, owe. 

Xepo, contain, be contained. 

aero, be of advantage. 


216 GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


XIX. 


Contracted verbs with characteristic o. 
(See Lesson XXIII.) 


apyupa, silver. 
BeBara, assure. 
SynAo, declare. 
eEatrhoa, spread. 
{npro, damage. 
ipa, perspire. 
KaTop0a, succeed ; manage. 
Kev@, empty. 

TEPLKUKAD, surround. . 


orTepave, crown, marry. 
Tedera, finish. 

TuTe, Print. 

tupro, dlind. 

vrox peo, oblige. 

po, raise. 

davepa, make clear. 
dopta, load. 

Xpveoe, gild. 


XXX. 


Irregular verbs. 
(See Lesson XXVII.) 


ayo (déw, nyayov), conduct. 
elodyw, introduce. 
tkdyw, take out, export. 
Ge (dow), sing. 
avtdve (avéqow), grow, augment. 
adyve (adlve), /eave, let be. 
Byatve (vig.), go out. 
Br€rrw, see. 
ylvopar, decome. 
Seaxvio, show. 
SiSe, give. 
éuBatve, enter. 
elpar (ell), de. (mdperpr, de Present.) 
EpXOpar, come. 
érravépxopar, return. 
Vérw, place, put. 
OvarKw (ArobvqcKw), die. 
KGOnpar, siz. 


KaA®, call. 

AapBdve, receive. 

A€yo, say. 

texv@ (vig. aor. ééxaca), forget. 
mapadidw, deliver, surrender. 
mapépxopar, pass dy. 
anyalve (vig.), go. 

wlrrw, fall. 

plate, throw. 

onkdvopar (vig.), get up. 
cupPBalve. (imp.), ¢ happens. 
oréxopar (vig.), stand. 
vmrdyw, go. 

TPEXw, 727. 

TvyXave, chance. 

dalvopar, appear. 

hevyo, go away. 

Xalpw, rejoice. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 217 


XXX. 


Passive verbs with active or neutral meaning. 
(See Lesson XX VII.) 


aywviLopar, contend, fight. 
alcOdvopar, /ce/. 


Gvapipvyckowar, remember. 


dvaravopar, vest. 
avadalvowar, appear. 
dvicrapar, 7752. 
GtroKkplvopar, answer. 
atropatvopat, opine. 
aomdfopar, embrace. 
apikvotpar, arrive. 
Séxopat, accept, receive. 
Sinyotpar, zarrate. 
Svvapar, de adle. 
éyelpomar, 77sec. 

elpar, de. 
épriorevopar, vist. 
évOupotpar, remember. 
évrpétropat, de ashamed. 
érropar, follow. 
EPXOPaL, come. 
edXopar, wish. 
KaOnpar, szz. 


Kkataylvopat, de occupied in. 


Ketpar, de. 
Kivotpar, be 22 motion. 
KOLLa@par, slecp. 


Avrotpar, de sorry. 
paxopar, fight in battle. 
peTapeAopar, repent. 
peraxerplLopar, se. 
opyLopar, vet angry. 
Opk(Lopar, sqwear. 
mapadexopar, accept. 
Tapatovotpar, complain. 
TmepiTovodpar, Zreat well. 
Tponyoupar, precede. 
céRBopar, respect. 
oKerropat, chink. 
oreKopoar (vig.), stand. 
ovddoylfopar, thzk. 
ovddvtrotpat, condole. 
cvvevvootpat, come to an under- 
standing. 
UVroAhmropar, esteem. 
Udo Xopar, Promise. 
patvopar, appear. 
havrafopar, zmagine. 
poPotpar, de afraid. 
XperdLopar, require, be of use. 
WevSopnar, Ze// lies. 
apedotpar, Profit. 


218 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 


XXXII. 
Prepositions. 
(See Lesson XXVIII.) 


ava, dy, over. 

avri, ixstead of. 

am6, from, by, since. 

Sa, dy, through, with, for,in order 
Zo. 

els, 20, 22, at. 

éx, of, from. 

év, 22, into. 

éml, on, at the time of, during. 


Kata, against, according to, about. 
peta, with, after. 

mapa, from, by, against, less. 
mepl, about, on, around. 


apo, before, in front of. 


wpds, zext to, towards. 
ov, with. 

vrép, for, above, more than. 
umd, dy, under. 


XXXII. 
Adverbs. 
(See Lesson X XIX.) 


ayaa (vig.), slowly. 

GStaKkdtws, zzcessanily. 

abtaxpltws, izdiscriminately. 

GSikws, wzjustly. 

qeltrote, always. 

devvaws, incessantly. 

albyns, suddenly. 

alpviBiws, suddenly. 

d&xaraiBara (vig.), without reduc- 
tion. 

axopn, sti//. 

a&kptBa (vig.), dearly. 

a&xpiBas, exactly. 

&d\AaXod, 22 another place. 

GAXws, differently. 

GAAolpovov, alas. 

G&dAOD (vig.), 22 another place. 

GArws, differently. 


Gpa, as soon ; together with. 
Gpécws, immediately. 
a&vaoda (vig.), upside down. 
dvev, without. 

GvTiKpd, opposite. 

dive, above. 

G&mrat, once. 

amrévavtt, opposite. 

apy, date, slowly. 

dpKera, enough. 

aipiov, fo-morrow. 

Baléws, deeply. 

Babpndov, dy degrees. 
Bapéws, heavily. 

BeBalws, certainly. 

yplywpa (vig.), guichkly. 

Sév (odSév), r0F. 

SidAov, vot at all. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 219 


Sixws, without. 

éyyvs, “ear. 

€0, here. 

éxet, there. 

éxrrodav, out of the way. 

éxtés, without, except. 

exrore, since then. 

éumrpés, ix front, forward. 

évlore, sometimes. 

évrat0a, here. 

évreAds, completely. 

évaotriov, 27 front of. 

évwpls, carly. 

é G@mavtos, dy all means. 

tEadva (vig.), suddenly. 

eEfjs, zext; els Td eEfis, in the 
future. 

tEw, out. 

érravw, on, above. 

émeara, afterward. 

émipedas, diligently, carefully. 

gor, let it be. 

éow, inside. 

état (vig.), so. 

evye, dravo. 

édéros, this year. 

éws, until. 

45y, a/ready. 

NPikas, morally. 

Hovxws, quietly. 

Oepp.ads, warmly. 

ov, see here. 

lova (vig.), straight. 

tora... tora (vig.), just so. 

loxupas, strongly. 

tows, perhaps. 

KaBadra (vig.), 02 horseback. 

Ka8apa (vig.), cleanly, clearly. 

Kabddov, entirely ; not at all. 

Kabdcov, as, seeing that. 


Kabes, as. ei 
Kaka (vlg.), kaka@s, badly. 
KaAG (vlg.), KaA@s, well. 
Katrov (vlg.), somewhere. 
Katrote (vlg.), sometimes. 
KaTw, down. . 

Kkatwtépw, dower down. 
KovrTa (vlg.), ear. 
Kpudlws, secretly. 
Kuplws, principally. 
Aoumév, consequently. 

pa (vlg.), dt, dy. 

path (vlg.), cogether. 
pakpdv (vig. paKxpud), far. 
padAov, more, rather. 
padiora, yes, guite so. 
PaTHYV, 77% vain. 

péoa (vig.), zside, within. 
peraty, between. 
petplws, moderately. 
Béexpt, up Zo. 

ph, don’t, lest. 

patos, lest, perhaps. 
ports, scarcely. 

val, yes. 

oyAlywpa (vig.), quickly. 
oSoiTtropiKas, 07 foot. 
olxot, at home. 

op0d, fogether. 

Spos, dzz. 

onlew, behind. 

Strov, where. 

btres, as. 

op0ds, rightly, upright. 
érav, when. 

ovdapot, zowhere. 
ovdSémore, never. 

obtw, 7 this way. 
TOA, again. 

TAYTAXOV, everywhere. 


220 GREE K-ENGLISH ¥OC ABULARIES. 


wavrote, always. 

TwavTedas, zot at all. 
mayvrTov (vlg.), everywhere. 
mapakatw (vig.), ower down. 
TwapavTa, immediately. 
mwaperrave (vig.), higher up. 
mactTpua (vig.), cleanly, clearly. 
melt, melas, 07 foot. 

mépav, deyond. 

mépé, round about. 
twepltrov, about. 

mépuvot, last year. 

mEov, more. 

wARV, but, less. 

tAnolov, xear. 

w0ev, whence. 

mods, offen. 

moraKis, how often. 

moras, not at all. 

wore, when. 

more, 2ever. 

mov; where ? 

aplv, before. 


mas; how ? 

PTAs, expressly. 
otraviws, rarely. 
cuvapa, together. 
cuvyPws, usually. 
odrykra (vig.), tightly. 


oxeddv, almost. 


TAKTUKOS, regularly. 

Tore, then. 

TovAaxiorov, at Jeast. 
Toutée tt, that is. 

TOU Xpdvov (vlg.), zext year. 
TuXOv, by chance. 

THpPA, 720W. 

UVroKatw, under. 

toerepov, afterwards. 

xapal (vig. xdpw), o7 the ground. 
Xapnrad (vig.), Zoz. 

X9€s, yesterday. 

xepls, without. 

Xopirra (vig.), separately. 
QS, aS. 

aoattas, also. 


Tponv, formerly. adore, so that. 
XXXIV. 
Conjunctions. 

(See Lesson XXX.) 
GAAG, Suz. el Sé py, o7 else. 
GArkwore, besides. elre... ele, either... or. 
dv, if. évoorw, so long as. 
av kal, although. évd, while. 
dpa, therefore. érrev81j, because. 
ds, may it be. Hj, or. 
aod, since, after. How, that is. 
SnAady, that is. 04, will. 


Sidtt, because. 


éav, if. 


tva (Sta vd), i order that. 
Kal, and. 


GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARIES. 221 


kav, at least. Ste, Omdte, Stav, when. 
kalrou, although. OTE pev... OTE SE, sometimes. 
pa, dit. étt, that. 
pev...5€, pev... Gd, indeed...  ov8€ Kav, mot even. 

but. ovre... ore, zeither... nor. 
pnde, pre, sezther. od povov... GAG, wot only... but. 
podovértt, although. was, that. . 
va, that, to. TO pev... Td S€, partly... partly. 


val pev GAAG, zzdeed but. @s dv (as édv, ws el), as if. 





ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


able, be, Stvauar; europe (vlg.). 


about, card, mrepl, weplirov. 
above, brép, érdvw, dvw. 


absolutely, é dravros, dirohUTws. 


abuse, katdxpyots, 7. 

abyss, d&Buvccos, 7. 

accent, Tdvos, 6. 

accept, déxouat, rapadéxouat. 
according to, card. 

account, dovyapiacuds, 6. 


accountable, irédoyos, 6, 7, -ov. 


accuse, KaTrnyopa. 
accustom, cuvedifw. 
acknowledge, duodoya. 
act, mpaéis, 7). 

acute, dé&vs, -efa, -v. 

add, mpocdérw. 

address, dvedOuvors, -ews, 7. 
admirable, Oavudouos, -a, -ov. 
admiral, vavapxos, 6. © 
admire, davudfw. 

adorn, oToXlfw. 

‘advance, mrpoxwp. 
advantage, be of, werd. 
advent, €devats, -ews, 7. 
adversary, mrodéu1os, 6. 
advice, svuBovdy, 7. 
advise, cvuuBovdetbw. 

affair, b3d0ects, 7. 

affect, cvyxivd. 

afraid, be, poBoduar. 





after, ddod, werd. 

afterwards, vorepov. 

again, madi. 

against, xard, évavrlov, wapd. 

age, jAula, 7; alwy, -Bvos, 6. 

agree, cuugwvd. 

agreeable, evxdpicros, eddpecros, 0, 
Ny -Ov. 

agreement, cuvudwvia, 7. 

agriculture, yewpyla, 7. 

agony, dywvia, 7. 

air, dnp, -épos, 6. 

alas, d\)oluovor. 

all, ddos, -n, -ov; 6AdKAnpos, 6, 7, -Ov. 

allow, érirpérw. 

almost, oxeddv. 

alone, pdvos, -n, -ov. 

already, 757. 

also, woatrus. 

altar, Bwyds, 6. 

always, mdvrore. 

ambassador, rpeoBeurhs, 6. 

American, ’Ayepixavdés, 6. 

amiability, giAodpdérvyets, -ews, 7. 

amuse, diacKedd tw. ; 

amusing, vocrTimos, 6, 7, -ov; SiacKe- 
daarikéds, -7, -dv. 

anchor, d&yxupa, 7. 

ancient, dpxaios, -a, -ov. 

and, xal, ré, dé. 

angel, &y~yeXos, 6. 


224 


anger, dpy%, 7; Oupds, o. 

angle, ywvla, 7. 

angry, get, Ouudrvw, dpyliouat 

animal, {@ov, 76. 

announce, dvayyé\dw. 

another, d&))os, -7, -o. 

answer, dravT@, dmoxplvouat. 

ant, pwpunét, -Kos, 0. 

anticipate, rpodauBdvw. 

ape, 1lOné, -Kos, 6. 

apothecary, ¢apyaxorrouss, 6. 

appear, dalvoyat. 

appetite, dpetis, -ews, 77. 

applaud, xe:poxpor@, émixporo. 

apple, uAdov, 76. 

apron, odd (vlg.), %. 

Arab, “Apay, -Bos, 0. 

arc, Tdéov, 76. 

arch, réfov, 76; Kkapdpa (vig.), %. 

argument, érixelpnua, 76. 

arm, Bpaxlwy, -ovos, 0. 

army, oTpards, 6. 

around, 7repl. 

arrival, dgiéis, ); of a ship, xatd- 
mous, 6. 

atrive, ddixvotuar, POdvw. 

artichoke, dyxvdpa (vlg.), 7. 

artillery, rupoBodixér, 76. 

as, ws, Kabds, kabdcov. 

as much, 8aos, -7, -ov. 

as soon, dua ws. 

ashamed, be, aloxi’voua; évrpérro- 
pat (vig.). 

- ask, épwrd. 

assure, BeBad. 

at, els. 

at home, ofxou. 

at least, rodAdyuwrov, Kady. 

at once, evAus. 

at the time of, éri. 

attack, rpocBdd\dw, rpooPor%, 7. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


attention, rpocox7%, 7. 
attention, pay, mpocéxw. 
augment, avidvw. 
author, cvyypadeds, -éws, 6. 
authority, éfovcia, dpx7, 7. 
avoid, drodevyw. 

awake, éfurvé. 


back, é7ricw. 

bad, xaxés, -%, -dv. 

badly, xax@s; xaxd (vig.). 

badness, xaxla, 7. 

baker, dproroids, 6; Wwudas (vig.), 6 

ball, xopés, 6; cpaipa, 7; kovBapi, 76. 

bank, rpdzrefa, 7. 

barber, xoupeds, -ews, 0. 

barber’s shop, Koupeiov, 76. 

base, xliBdndos, 6, 7, -ov. 

basket, Kad, Kodi; 
(vlg.), 76. 

battle, udx7, 7. 

be, eiua, elul, xpnuaritw. 

bean, dacodrx (vig.), 74. 

bear, ‘yevvd. 

bearable, drogeprés, -7, -dv. 

beat, dépw, crud. 

beautiful, wpaitos, -a, -ov. 

beauty, wpaidrns, 7; Kdddos, 76. 

because, diéri, erred. 

become, yivouas. 

bed, xAlvn, 7; KpeBBdri, 76. 

bedroom, xdyapa (vlg.), %. 

bee, wéduooa, 7. 

beer, (W0os, 5; umlpa (vig.), %. 

before, rp, rplv. 

beg, mapaxadd. 

begin, dpxlt{w. 

beginning, dpy, #. 

behind, édrlow, dromlow, briobev. 

behindhand, be, xa@vorepa. 

believe, ricredw. 


Tavaipt 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


bell, xddwv, -wvos, 6; Kovdodm 
(vlg.), 76. 

belong, av7jxw. 

beloved, dyamrnrés, -7, -dv. 

belt, (vn, 7. 

bend, xAlvw. 

benefit, evepyer &. 

between, peraiv. 

bewilder, ¢adifw. 

beyond, wépav. 

bill, Aoyapracpds, 0. 

biography, Biypadla, 7. 

bird, rrnvdv, 7h; movXdi (vig.), 74. 

bite, daykdvw, ddxvw. 

bitter, mwixpéds, -d, -dv. 

black, wédas, -arva; paipos (vig.), 
-n, -Ov. 

blame, katnyopa. 

bless, evAo7yo. 

blind, tur; 
tupnbs, -%, -dv. 

blood, afua, -ros, 74. 

blow, duc, rvéw. 

boat, AduBos, 7; Bdpxa (vig.), 7. 

body, Gua, -Tos, 74, 

boil, Bpdfw. 

bone, dcrodv; Kédxxadov (vlg.), 74. 

book, BiBXlov, 76. 

bookseller, Bi8dvorw)ys, 6. 

boot, dwrddnua, -rTos, 76. 


tuprdvw (vig.); 


bore, Tpu7@. 

bother, ¢arifw. 

bound, oxipro. 

box, x.Bariov, 76, 

boy, mais, -dés, 6; madi, dydpu 
(vlg.), 76. 

bracelet, Bpaxiddx (vig.), 76. 

brain, uvedds, 6; pvaddy (vig.), 76. 

branch, kAddos, 6. 

brave, dvdpetos, -a, -ov; yevvatos, -a, 


-ov; maddnkdpe (vlg.), 76. 


225 


bravo! edye/ 

bread, dpros, 6; Ywyl (vig.), 76. 
break, ordvw (vlg.). 

breast, o7700s, -ovs, 76. 

brick; xepapld: (vlg.), 76. 

bride, wudn, 7. 

bridegroom, yauBpbs, 6. 

bridge, yépupa, 7. 

brief, c¥vropos, 6, 7, -ov. 
brigand, AynorT7s, 6. 

brilliancy, \aymrpdrys, -Tos, %. 
brine, dun, 7. 

bring, pépw. 

broad, evpus, -efa, -0; mdarTus, -€7a, Uv. 
brother, ddeA¢pds, 6. 

brush, Bodproa (vlg.), 7%. 
bucket, xovBas (vlg.), 6. 

build, xrifw, ofxkodoue. 

builder, xricrns, 6. 

building-lot, oixémedov, 76. 
burn, xalw. 

burned, kavpévos (vlg.), -n, -ov. 
burning, xavorixéds, -%, -dv. 
burst, oxdvw (vlg.). 

bury, Odrrw. 

bush, @dpvos, 6. 

bushel, cody, 76. 

but, ddAd, Suws, GAN Suws, wrjv, wd. 
butter, Bovrupor, 76. 

buy, dyopdfw; Ywrlfw (vlg.). 
by, dvd, dd, did, wapd, wd, v6. 
by all means, é§ dzayvtos. 

by chance, tuxév. 


cabbage, Adxavor, 76. 

cage, kAwBlov, 76; KdovPi (vig.), 76. 
calendar, 7uepoddy.or, 76. 

call, Kad&, pwvd gw. 

candle, xnplov, 74; Kept (vlg.), 76. 
cane, pafdos, 7. 

cap, sKodpos (vlg.), 6. 


226 ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


capable, détos, -a, -ov; ixavds, -1, -dv. 

capital, xepddavor, 76. 

capricious, rapdéevos (vlg.), 6, 7, -ov. 

captain, sea, xuBepyyrns, 6; army, 
hoxayés, 6. 

care, ppovrls, -dos, 7. 

care, have, dportifw. 

career, oTdd.ov, 76. 

careless, dmpécexros, 6, 7, -ov. 

carnival, ddéxpews, 7. 

carpenter, EvNoupyds, 6. 

carriage, duata, 7; Synua, -Tos, Td; 
apdée (vlg.), 74. 

cashier, Taplas, 6. 

cat, ydra (vlg.), 7. 

catch, cv\\auBdvw; midvw (vig.). 

cauliflower, covvovrld (vlg.), 76. 

cause, ddopyh, 7. 

cavalry, lamixdy, 76. 

cease, ravw. 

cemetery, vexporadeior, 76. 

cent, dBorbs, 6. 

central, xevrpixéds, -7, -dv. 

centre, xévTpov, 76. 

century, alwy, -@vos, 6. 

certain, BéBaros, -ala, -ov. 

certainly, BeBalws; BéBara (vig.). 

chain, ddvots, -ews, 7. 

chair, xd@icua, -ros, 75; KapéxX\a 
(vlg.), 7. 

chamber, #d4)apos, 6. 

chance, Tvyxdvw, TUX, 7- 

change, d\\doow, dddayh, 7). 

chanter, dArT7s, 6. 

charity, éX\enuocvvn, 7. 

chaos, xdos, -ous, 76; Kuxewy, -Gvos, 6. 

chapter, kepddavoy, 76. 

cheat, dara, yeXo. 

cheek, raped, 7. 

cheese, Tupés, 6; rupl (vlg.), 76. 

chemistry, xnmela, 7. 


chew, pace. 

chicken, rovN (vlg.), 76. 

chicory, padixc (vlg.), 74. 

child, réxvov, ro; mardi (vlg.), 74. 

chief, dpxnyés, 6. 

cholera, xoXépa, 7. 

chop, xoravifw (vlg.). 

chord, xop5%, 7. 

Christ, Xpiords, 6. 

Christian, Xpicriavds, 6. 

church, éxxAynoia, 7%. 

cigar, Tovydpor (vlg.), 76. 

circumference, repipépera, 7. 

citizen, roXirns, 6. 

city, wéXus, -ews, 7. 

class, Tdéts, -ews, 7; KAdoLS, -Ews, 7. 

clean, xadapliw; maorpedw (vig.), 
xa0apds, -d, -dv. 

cleanly, xa0ap@s; xa0apd, raorpixd 
(vlg.). 

clearly, pavepd; xabapd, wacrpixd 
(vlg.). 

clergy, KAfpos, 6. 

clerk, drd\dn)os, 6. 

climb, dvaBalyw, dvappry Guat. 

cloth, vacua, -ros, 76; Todxa, 7. 

cloud, cvvvedor. 

coachman, duatnddrns, 6; . duakas 
(vlg.), 6. 

coal, dvOpaé, 
(vlg.), 74. 

coffee, kadés, 6. 

coffee-maker, xader{jjs, 6. 

coin, véuiopa, -Tos, 7d. 

cold, subst. Ydyxos, -ouvs, 7h; xpbov 
(vlg.), 76. 

cold, adj. Wuxpbs, -d, -dv; xpos 
(vlg.), -a, -ov. 

cold, be, catch, xpvdrw (vlg.). 

collect, cvvadpolfw, cvéyw. 

colonel, cvvraypardpxns, 6. 


-xos, 6; KdpBovvov 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 227 


color, xpwuarli{fw; xp@ua, -ros, 76. 
column, oTUdos, 6; Koddva (vig.), 7. 
combat, aywy, -Gvos, 6. 
combatant, waxnT7s, 6. 
come, épxouat. 
comedy, kwuwdla, 7. 
comic, Kkwy.kds, -7, -dv. 
comity, érirpomr%, 7. 
command, diardoow, 
TpooTayy, 7. 
communication, cvyKo.vwvla, 7. 
company, dédxos. 6. 
compare, rapaBdddw. 
complain, rapatrovotmat. 


duarayH, 1; 


complaint, apdzovop, 6. 

complete, rA7pys, 6, 4, -es; owords 
(vlg.), -7, -dv. 

completely, évredds. 

comrade, cvvrpodos, 6. 

conciseness, Bpaxvdoyla, 7. 

concord, dudvo.a, 7. 

condemn, xaradicafw. 

condole, cvA\vrotmat. 

condor, wy, -7éds, 6. 

conduct, a&yw. 

confound, cvyxéw. 

confusion, cvyxvats, -ews, 7); KUKEwY, 
-Ovos, 6. 

congratulate, cvyxaipw. 

congratulations, cvyxapynrjpia, Td. 

conjecture, eikd fw. 

conquer, mx@, Kupredw. 

consent, ovyxatavetw. . 

consequently, dev, Nourdy, cuver ds. 

consider, dewpd. 

constancy, oradepérns, -ros, 7. 

constitution, ctvraypa, -ros, 76. 

construction, karacKev%, 7). 

consul, mpdgevos; Roman consul, 
vraros. 

contain, repiéxw, ywpd. 


contend, dywvlfouat. 

continent, 77recpos, 7). 

continuation, cvvéxeva, 7. 

contract, cvuBdraor, 76. 

contrary, évavrios, -a, -ov. 

conversation, cvvouiNla, 7. 

cook, payerpedw, wdvyerpos, 6, 7). 

cool, Yuxpalyw. 

copper, xadxés, 6; yadkods, -7, -obv. 

copyist, ypagevs, -éws, 6. 

cord, ordyyos (vlg.), 6. 

cork, PedXds (vig.), 0. 

corner, ywvla, 7. 

corporal, dexaveds, -éws, 6. 

corpse, rT Gua, -Tos, 76. 

corridor, xayidre (vig.), 76. 

cost, xoorifw (vlg.). 

cotton, BduBat, -Kos, 6; BayBdxe 
(vlg.), 76. 

cotton cloth, ravi (vlg.), 76. 

counsel, cvuBovd\or, 75; cupBovnd4, 7. 

count, Aoyapid fw, dpiOuad, wer po. 

country, x@pa, 9; country-house, 
€£0x 7, 7. 

courage, Odppos, -ous, 76. 

course, oTdduov, 76. 

court, avA%, 7. 

cousin, é&ddedqos, 6; éEadéAG, 7. 

cover, kahUmTw; oKxerd{w (vlg.). 

cow, ayeNds,-dos, 7; dyendda(vig.), 7. 

crack, paylfw (vlg.). 

crafty, xpuwivous, 6, 7, -ouv. 

criminal, kaxotpyos, 6, 7), -ov. 

cross, oTaupés, 6. 

crow, Képaé, -Kos, 6. 

crown, orépw, crepavd, crepavdrvw. 

crown of flowers, orépavos, 6; oTe- 
pau (vig.), 76. 

cruelty, wyuérys, -Tos, 7. 

cry, advaxpa fw. 

crystal, xpvoradnoy, 76. 


228 


cucumber, dyyoip: (vlg.), 76. 

cudgel, pdmradoy, 76. 

cup, drdirfau (vlg.), 74. 

cure, Jeparretw, larpedw, Oepatreia, 7. 

current, pedua, -ros, 74; pods, 6. 

custom, cvv7Jea, 7. 

custom-house, Tedwveior, 76. 

cut, kérrTw. 

damage, {nmid, fnudyw, Snula, 
popd, 7. 

damp, vypacia, 7; wypés, -d, -dv. 

dance, xopctw, xopés, 6. 

danger, xivdvvos,6; be in danger, 
kivduvevw. 

dare, ToAua. 

daring, T6\um, 7. 

dark, oxorecvds, -7, -dv. 

dark-complexioned, uedhayxporvds, -7, 
-dv. 

darkness, oxéros, -ovs, 76; oKxoTddc 
(vlg.), 76. 

date, 7juepounvia, 7. © 

daughter, Ouvydrnp, -rTpbs, 7; Kdpn 
(vlg.), 7. 

dawn, avy%, 7. 

day, 7uépa, 7. 

day and night, juepovixrior, 76. 

day’s wages, 7uepoulo for, 76. 

dead, vexpbs, -d, -dv; Wdquos (vig.), 
a, -Ov. 

deaf, kwods, -7, -dv. 

dean, mpUrams, -ews, 6. 

dear, dxpifds, -%, -dv (vlg.). 

dearest, plArarTos, -n, -ov. 

dearness, dxpliBea (vig.), 7. 

dearly, dxp.Bd (vig.). 

death, Odvaros, 6. 

debt, xpéos, -ouvs, 7b; covered with 
debt, xardxpews, 6. 

decency, xoop.drns, -TOos, 7. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


decide, drodpaci{w. 

decision, dwrégacis, -ews, 7). 

declare, 5G. 

deep, Baus, -eta, -v. 

deeply, Badéws. 

degrees, by, Sa0unddv. 

deliver, wapadidw. 

demon, daiuwy, -ovos, 6. 

dentist, ddovrotarpés, 6. 

departure, dvaxwpnots, -ews, %. 

departure, by sea, dém)ous, 6. 

deposit, dmo0érw. 

depth, Bddos, -ous, 76. 

descend, xarafiBdfw; 
(vlg.). 

description, repiypady, 7. 

desert, NewrorakTo. 


kataBalyw 


desire, émiduu®, éridupla, 4; 1Wd- 
6os, 6. 

desist, dréxw. 

desk, ypadeior, 76. 

destroy, xatacrpégw, ddavifw, éé- 
apavifw. , 

destruction, xaracrpod%, 7. 

determine, dplfw, mpocdiopifw. 

detestable, dmrorpémaus, -a, -ov. 

devil, d:dBonos, 6. 

diamond, ddduas, -vros, 6; duapdyre 
(vlg.), 74. 

die, Ovickw; dmrodvicKw. 

difference, diapopa, 7. 

different, did@opos, 6, 4, -ov. 

differently, a\\éws, dAXws. 

difficult, dvcxodos, 6, ), -ov; Sucxe- 
phs, 0, H, -és. 

dig, oxdrrTw. 

dinner, yeiua, -ros, 76. 

diphtheria, dipGepiris, -dos, 7. 

direct, dievOivw. 

direction, dcetOvveis, -ews, 7. 

director, divevOuvTHs, 6. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


dirt, dxa@apola, 7; Apa, Ppdya 


(vlg.), 7. 

disagreeable, duvcdpeoros, 6, 7, -0v; 
dvooTos, 0, 7, -ov. 

disclose, pavep&, pavepdvw. 

discover, dvaxahirrTw. 

discovery, dvaxdAuyis, -ews, 7). 

discuss, cu(nTo. 

discussion, cvf{7rnots, -ews, 7. 

disease, doOévera, ); vdcos, 7. 

disgusting, dd%s, 0, 7), -és. 

dishearten, deArifw. 

dishonorable, dios, 0, 7), -ov. 

dismiss, droNvw. 

disobey, rapaxovw. 

dissolve, diad’vw, dvaddw. 

distant, be, améxw. 

distasteful, dvooros, 6, 7, -ov. 

distinguish, dcaxpivw. 

distribute, woupdfw, diavéuw. 

disturb, Tapdoow. 

disturbance, Tapax7%, 7. 

do, mpdrTw; Kduvw (vlg.). 

doctor, darpedw, iarpds, 6. 

doll, xodkda (vig.), 7. 

dome, @4nos, 6. 

dominion, xpdros, -ous, 76. 

donkey, évos, 6; yatdotp (vig.), 74. 

don’t, 7. 

door, Ovpa, 7; mwépra (vlg.), 7. 

double, dumrdots, -7, -otv. 

doubt, dudiBdddw, dropd, dudiBo- 
Ala, 7. 

down, KaTw. 

down, go, kataBalvw. 

down, take, catraBiBdtw; kararBagw 
(vlg.). 

drachma, dpaxu%, 7. 

drag, otpw; tpaB® (vig.); drag 
along, Tapactpw. 

drama, dpaua, -ros, 76. 


229 


drawing-room, al@ovea, 7; gaddn 
(vlg.), 76. 

dream, dvecpor, 76. 

dress, évdbw, évdvouat, €vdupa,-Tos,76. 

drink, rivw. 

drinking-glass, rorjpe (vlg.), 74. 

drop, oTd{w, sTaywyr, -Gvos, 7. 

drown, mviyw. 

drunk, pedvopévos, -n, -ov (vlg.). 

drunkenness, é0n, 7. 

dry, énpés, -4, -dv ; Eepds, -7, -dv (vlg.). 

duck, mamma (vig.), 7. 

during, éri. 

duty, Ka0fKxov, -vros, 7b; xpéos, 
-ous, TO. 


dye, Badu, Bapy, 7. 


each, xadels, -ula, -év; xdde (vig.). 

each other, dAAnAor, -at, -a. 

eagle, derds, 0. 

ear, ods, wrés, 76; avri (vig.), 76. 

early, évwpls. 

earnest, be in, crovdd{w. 

earth, 77, 7; of the earth, érlyeos, 
6, 7), ov. 

East, “Avarod%, 7). 

Easter, Ildcyxa, 76. 

easy, eUKoNos, 6, 7, -ov; edxXEpPHs, 0, 
H, -és. 

eat, Tpwyw. 

eater, great, greedy, gayds (vlg.), 0. 

eating, paynrdy, 7b; payl (vig.), 76. 

echo, 7x, -o0s, 7. 

economy, olkovoula, 7. 

edge, dxpa, 7); xetdos, -ous, 76. 

edition, €xdocts, -ews, 7). 

egg, wor, 76; addr (vlg.), 74. 

either, «Te. 

elbow, dyxwy, -Gvos, 6. 

element, oTo.xeiov, 76. 

elephant, édédas, -vros, 6. 


230 


embrace, ayxa\y, 7. 


empty, KxevO; ddediw, pxraipdyw 
(vlg.). 

empty, adj. xevds, -7, -bv; ddevos, -a, 
-ov (vlg.). 


end, Teer, Tederbvw, Tédos, -ous, 76. 

enemy, é€xOpés, -d, -dv. 

engineer, unxavxds, 0. 

Englishman, ”Ay7)os, 6. 

engrave, xapaTTw. 

enigma, alvyua, -Tos, 76. 

enough, érapkas; dpxerd (vlg.). 

enter, eicépxoua, EuBalvw. 

entire, Sos, -n, -ov; OAdKAnpos, 6, 
Ny -OVv. 

entirely, évre@s, xa” ddov. 

entrance, elcodos, 7. 

envelope, paxedXos, 0. 

envy, P00vd, POdvos, 6. 

Epirus, “Hzrecpos, 7. 

equal, tos, -n, -ov. 

erect, éyelpw; arjvw (vlg.), dp0és, 
-h, -bv. 

especial, Yd.s, -a, -ov; ldialrepos, 
-a, -Ov. 

establish, cvvioTd, katior&. 

establishment, ovoracis, -ews, 7); 
KaTdornpa, -Tos, Td. 

esteem, vrodjrrouat, 
-€WS, 7). 


brddnyis, 


eternal, alwv.os, -a, -ov. 

evening, éorépa, 7; Bpddu (vlg.), rd. 

evening party, éo7epis, -dos, 7. 

ever, delrore. 

every day, xad’ éxdorny, kad" hudpar. 

every other day, juépav rap’ juépay. 

everywhere, mavtaxov; mavrod 
(vlg.). 

evident, davepds, -d, -dyv. 

ewe, mpoBariva (vig.), %. 

exact, dxpiBis, -ois, 6, 7, -és. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


exactly, axpiBdas. 

exactness, axplBea, 7. 

exaggerated, drepBodixés, -%, -dy. 

exaggeration, vrepBod%, 7. 

examine, éferdfw. 

excellence, éfoxérns, -rTos, 7. 

except, éxrds, r7Hp. 

exception, éalpecis, -ews, 7. 

execute, éxTeXo. 

exercise, yuuvdiw, doxnots, -ews, 7); 
Oéua, -Tos, 76. 

exist, drdpxw. 

expense, @£odor, 76. 

explain, éfnyo. 

explanation, é7ynous, ews, 7. 

express, €xppdfw. 

expressly, pn7ds. 

external, é&wrepixds, -%, -dv. 

extinguish, cBivw. 

eye, dPOaruds, 6; wade (vig.), 76. 


face, dyis, -ews, 7; mpbowror, 6. 

facility, evxorla, 7; evxépea, 7. 

faint, Necrodune. 

fainting-fit, NecwoPuula, 7. 

fair, waviyyupis, -ews, 7. 

fair, adj. tavOds, -7, -dv. 

faith, rloris, -ews, 7. 

faithful, riords, -%, -dv. 

fall, rirtw; wr&ors, -ews, 7. 

false, Pevdrs, 6, 7, -és; KlBdndos, 6, 
N, -ov. 

family, olxoyévea, 7. 

far, uaxpdv; maxpvd (vig.). 

fare, dy@y: (vlg.), 76. 

fat, rdxos, -ovs, 76; maxus, -efa, -v. 

father, mwarnp, -rpbs, 6; marépas 
(vlg.), 6. 

father-in-law, wevdepds, 6. 

fatigue, xovpd{w (vlg.); xézos, 0. 

fatten, raxvvw. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 231 


fault, opddua, -Tos, 76. 

fear, poBotduat, pdfos, 6. 

fearless, ddpoBos, 6, 7, -ov; &rpopos, 
6, 7), -OVv. 

feasible, xaropOwrés, -1, -dv. 

feasible, not, dxardpOwros, 0, 7, -ov. 

feed, rpépw. 

feel, alc@dvomat. 

feminine, @nuxés, -7, -dv. 

féte, éoprH, 7; waviyyupis, -ews, 7); 
mwavyyup. (vlg.), 76. 

fever, muperés, 6; Oépun (vig.), 7. 

field, dypés, 6; xwpddgu (vig.), 7d. 

fight, mwodeue, udxoua; waxy, 1; 
oupT ok}, 7. 


figure, oxjjua, -ros, 76; dvdornya, 


-Tos, TO. 

fill, tAnpS; yeulfw (vlg.). 

finally, 7éos, ért réXous. 

finger, ddxrvnos, 0. 

finish, Teer, -Tehecdvw, A7Yw. 

fire, rup, -ds, 76; mupKaid, ); pwrid 
(vlg.), 7. 

fish, (xOvs, -vos, 0; Wapu (vlg.), 76. 

fisherman, Wapdas (vlg.), 6. 

fix, dplfw. 

flag, onuaia, 7. 

flame, pddé, -yéds, 7. 

flatterer, xddaék, -Kos, 6. 

fleet, o7dXos, 6. 

flesh, odpé, -xbs, ); Kpéas, -Tos, 76. 

float, rréw. 

flock, rolunov, 76. 

floor, rdrwua, -Tos, Td. 

flour, d\evpov, 74; adredpe (vig.), 76. 

flow, péw. 

flower, dvOos, -ous, 7b; Novdrodd. 
(vlg.), 76. 

flower-garden, dv@wyv, -Gvos, 6. 

fly, werd. 

follow, dxodov8H; mapaxodovda. 


food, rpop?, 7. 

foolish, pwpds, -d, -dv. 

foot, ois, -d6s, 6; m6dc (vig.), 76. 

foot, on, wefos, -7, -dv; weg, Tefas. 

for, did, drép. 

force, Bid fw, dvayKdgw, Bla, 7; ddva- 
Mls, -€WS, 1. 

forehead, uérwrorp, 76. 

foreign, £évos, -n, -ov. 

forest, ddcos, -ous, 76. 

foretell, tpodéyw, mpoayyédw. 

forget, Anouov@; Eexv@ (vlg.). 

forgive, cvyxwpo. 

forgiveness, cvyyvwyun, 7. 

fork, mypotu (vlg.), 76. 

form, ox 7a, -Tos, 76. 

formerly, mpqnv. 

fortified, dxupds, -d, -dv. 

fortune, 7’x7, 4; mepiovcia, 7. 

forward, éumpés. 

found, curt. 

fountain, Bpvous, -ews, 7. 

fox, ddwmné, -exos, 7 ; dderod (vlg.), 7. 

fraud, dd)os, 6. 

fraudulent, 5év0s, -a, -ov. 

free, €\eUOepos, -a, -ov. 

freeze, mayévw. 

freight, vaiXos, o. 

Frenchman, I'dA)os, 6. 

frequent, cuxvdfw; ocuvexns, 6, %, 
-és; ouxvds, -7, -dv (vlg.). 

fresh, vwids, -7, -dv; Spocepds, -d, 
-dv; ppécxos, -n, -ov (vlg.). 

Friday, Ilapacxev7, 7. 

friend, dos, -n, -ov. 

friendly, pidcxds, -4, -bv; pidixds. 

friendship, ¢cAia, 7. 


‘fright, Tpduos, 6. 


frighten, tpoudgw. 
frog, Barpaxos, 6. 
from, d7é, éx, wapd. 


232 


from time to time, dd xaipod eis 
Kaupov. 

frontier, cvvopor, ré. 

fruit, xapwés, 6; émwpa, 7; dmwpi- 
Koy, 76. 

frying-pan, ryydau (vlg.), 76. 

full, wA7pns, 6, 7, -es; yewdros, -n, 
-ov (vlg.). 

full moon, tavoéAnvos, 7. 

funeral, \elWavor, 76. 

funnel, xwviov, 76; xouvl (vig.), 7d. 

furnish, xopyyo. 

future, “é\dov, -vTos, 76. 


gain, xepdlfw; Képdos, -ous, 76. 

gallery, oTod, 7. 

game, ma.did, 7; mavyvidior, 76. 

garden, kfjros, 6; mepiBdr (vig.), 
76. 

gardener, xnmovpds, 6; mepiBoddpns 
(vlg.), 6. 

garment, xiTWv, -dvos, 6; podxo 
(vlg.), 76. 

garret, dvuryewr, 76. 

garrulous, ¢dvapos, 6, 7, -ov; papda- 
rds (vlg.), 6. 

gay, evVOupos, 6, 7, -ov. 

gendarme, xwpopvnaé, -Kos, 0. 

gender, yévos, -ous, 76. 

general, orparnyés, 0; yevixds, -%, -dv. 

generous, yevvaios, -a, -ov. 

gentleman, xvpuos, 0. 

geography, yewypadla, 7. 

German, I'epuavds, 6; ‘yepwavxds, 
-h, -dv. 

get, AauBdvw. 

get up, éyelpouar; onxdvoua (vig.). 

ghost, ddvracua, -ros, 76. 

gift, Sdpov, 76; make a gift, wpa, 
xapliw. 

gild, xpvo@, xpvodbvw. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


girl, xépn, 7; Kopdovwovr, 76; Koplrar 
(vlg.), 74. 

give, didw; dlvw (vig.). 

glass, vados, 7; vad (vig.), 76. 

glass, drinking, rorjp: (vig.), 76. 

glorious, @vdotos, 6, 7, -ov; mepldotos, 
6, 7), -Ov. 

glory, défa, 7. 

glue, xéA\da (vlg.), 7, 

go, Urdyw; mryalvw (vig.). 

go away, drépxoua, pevyw. 

go out, efépxouar; Byaivw (vig.). 

God, Geds, 6. 

goddess, ded, 7. 

godless, déeos, 6, 7, -ov. 


F gold, xpvods, 6. 


golden, xpucols, -7, -ovv. 

good, xaNés, -7, -dv. 

good, most, ravdya0os, 6, 7, -ov. 

good-natured, dyaés, -7, -dv. 

goodness, dyadérns, -ros, 7; Kkadw- 
ovvn, 2. 

goose, x7#v, -bs, 7; xjva (vig), 7. 

gospel, evayyédov, 76. 

govern, kuBepv®, droid. 

government, xvuBépvnots, -ews, 7); 
Stolknots, -Eews, 7). 

governor, xuBepyirns, 6; Stocxnrys, 6. 

grace, xdpis, -Tos, 7. 

grandfather, mdos, 0; 
(vlg.), 6. 

grape, crapvdy, 7; sTapvr (vig.), 
76. 

grass, x\dn, 7. 

grate, féw; Edvvw (vig.). 

Greece, ‘EN)ds, -dos, 7. 

Greek, “EAAnv, -vos, 6; éAdAnmxés, 
-h, -bv. 

green, mpdovwvos, -7, -ov. 

grocer, wavrorw dns, 6; mmraxddns 
(vlg.), 6. 


mwamrous 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


grocery, ravromwheiov, 76. 
groom, im7oxduos, 6; sravXirns, 6. 
ground-floor, karwyewr, 76d. 
grow, avidvw, weyaddvw. 
guard, puAak%, 7. 
guardian, pvAaé, -xKos, 0. 
guidance, ddnyla, 7. 

guide, dd77és, 0. 

guitar, x.0dpa, 7. 

gulf, xéXzros, 6. 

gun, mupoBddoy, 76. 


habitation, carocxla, 7. 

hair, Oplé, rpixds, 3 Tplxes; waded 
(vlg.), Td. 

half, jusovs, -ea, -v; pucds, -%, -dv 
(vlg.). 

hand, xelp, -s, 7; xépe (vig.), 76. 

handful, gov«ra (vlg.), 7. 

handkerchief, pivduaxrpov, 76; wav- 
dr (vig.), 76. 

hang, Kpeuo. 

happen, cvpBalver, rvyxdvw. 

happy, evTvx%s, 6, 7, -és ; evdaluwr, 
6, 7, -ov. 

hard, oxAnpés, -d, -dv. 

hare, A\aywds, 6; Aavyas, 6. 

harvest, épos, -ous, 6. 

hate, mica. 

hatred, sicos, -ous, 76. 

hatter, xamehds (vlg.), 6. 

have, éxw. 

he, avrdés, -7, -d. 

head, xepadr, 7; kepars (vig.), 76. 

health, vyela, 7. 

heap, cwpds, 6. 

hear, dxovw. 

hearing, dxo7, 7. 

heart, xapdia, 7. 

heat, Gepualvw; Oepudrns, -Tos, 7; 
féorn (vlg.), 7. 


233 
heaven, ovpavds, 0. 
heavenly, odpdvos, -a, -ov. 
heavily, Bapéws. 
heavy, Bapus, -eta, -v. 
he-goat, tpdyos (vlg.), 6; rpayl, 


76. 

height, vos, -ous, 76; dvdornua, 
-Tos, TO. 

hell, xdAacts, -ews, 7. 

herald, xjpvé, -Kos, 0. 

herd, xowddc (vlg.), 76. 

here, 6, évraiéa. 

hero, 7pws, -os, 6. 

hide, xpvrTw. 

high, wbyyrdbs, -7, -dv; 
wynrd (vig.). 

higher up, vyddrepov; mraperdvw 
(vlg.). 

hill, Addos, 6. 

history, ioropia, 7. 

hold, xpar@; Bacr® (vig.). 

hold together, cvyxpara. 

holiday, €opr7%, 7. 

hollow, xovquos, -a, -ov (vlg.). 

homily, ouiAla, 7. 

honest, riwos, -a, -ov. 

honor, Tid, Ti7, 7. 

honorable, €vrios, 6, 7, -ov. 

hook, &yxiorpor, 76. 

hope, éArigw; €édzis, -dos, 7. 

horror, ¢pikn, 7. 

horse, tr7os, 6; door (vlg.), 76. 

horseback, kaBdada 
(vlg-), 7. 

hospitable, piddzevos, 6, 7, -ov. 

hospital, vocoxopetov, 76. 

hospitality, piAogevia, 77. 

hot, Gepuds, -7, -dv; ferrds, -7, -dv 
(vlg.). 

hotel, fevodoxetov, 76. 

hour, wpa, 7. 


dymrais ; 


immacia, 7; 


- 234 ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


house, oikos, 6; olxla, 93- o7ire 
(vlg.), 76. 

how? 7@s; 

how much? mécor; 

how often? oodxis ; 

however, Orwodyrore. 

hunger, 7etva, 7. 

hungry, be, revo. 

hunt, xuvyy®, Ojpa, 77; 
(vlg.), 76. 

hurry, orevdw; Bid foua (vig.). 

husband, ov¢vyos, 0; : dvdpas 

’ (vig.), 6. 


Kuvnye 


I, eyo. 

ice, rdyos, 6. 

idea, (déa, 7. 

if, dv, édv. 

ignorant, duaijs, 0, 7, -és; adays, 
6, 7, -és. 

ignore, dyvow. 

ill, doGevys, 0, 7, -és + be tll, dobeve. 

illiterate, dypduparos, 0, 7, -ov. 

illness, dcOévera, 7; vdcos, 7. 

illumination, dwroxvala, 7. 

illustrious, xevvds, -7, -dv. 

image, e/xwy, -dvos, 7. 

imagination, pavtacia, 7. 

imagine, pavTd fount. 

immediate, duecos, 6, 7, -ov. 

immediately, duéows, mdpavta, év 
T@ dua. 

immortality, d@avacia, 7. 

impertinent, avOddns, 6, 7, -€s. 

impious, dceBys, 4, 7, -és. 

importance, crovdac6rys, -Tos, 7. 

important, orovdaios, -a, -ov; éri- 
onpos, 6, 7, -ov. 

impossible, ddvvaros, 6, 4, -ov. 

improbable, dmi@avos, 6, 7, -ov. 

in, év, eis. 


in another place, ad\\axov; addod 
(vlg.). 

in another way, dAdws, dddéws; 
adXords, dA\NowwTika (v1g.). 

in front, mpd, évemuov, éurpés. 

in order, tva; did va (vig.). 

in the beginning, car’ dpyds; ’orihy 
apx7v (vlg.). 

in the future, e/s 7d é&fs, eis 7d 
bMédXov. 

in the meantime, mpds 7d wapér, év 
T@ peraku, év TocovTw. 

in vain, udrnv, watalws. 

incapable, dvdévos, -a, -ov; dvixavos, 
6, 4, -ov. 

incessant, ddidKorros, 6, 7, -ov. 

incessantly, dd:axérrws, devvdws 

incite, wapakivd. 

incorrigible, ddp@wros, 6, 7, -ov. 

indeed ... but, wév... dé, wév... 
ard. 

index, mivaé, -Kos, 0. 

indifferent, dd.dgopos, 6, 7, -ov. 

indigent, évders, 6, 7, -és. 

indiscreet, ddidKxpiros, 6, 7, -ov. 

indiscriminately, ddcaxpirws. 

indisposed, dé.deros, 6, 7, -ov. 

indivisible, dd.alperos, 6, 7, -ov. 

industrious, PiA«pyos, 4, 7), -ov. 

industry, Biounxavia, 7. 

infantry, we{ixdy, 76. 

information, r\npodopia, 7. 

inhabite, karoixd. 

injure, Kaxorrad, 

injustice, dd:xla, 7. 

ink, weddvn, 7; medNdu (vig.), 76. 

inkstand, uedavodoxeiov, 76; Kada- 
pape (vig.), 76. 

inn, xd (vlg.), 76. 

innocent, dos, -a, -ov. 

inscription, érvypapy, 7. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 235 


inside, @ow; péoa (vlg.). 

insist, éripévw. 

inspect, émiJewpd. 

instant, oTvyu7, 7. 

instead, avril. 

* instruction, éxmaidevois, -ews, 7; 
ddnyla, 7. 

instrument, épyaNeiov, 76. 

insult, WBplfw; vBpis, -ews, 7. 

interest, évdiuapépov, -Tos, TO; oup- 
pépov, -Tos, Tb; TOKos, 0. 

internal, éowrepixds, -7, -dv. 

interrupt, dcaxdrTw. 

interval, dudornua, -Tos, Td. 

introduce, eicdyw. . 

invitation, rpdoKxAnors, -ews, 7. 

invite, KadG, mpooKand. 

irksome, 6xAnpés, -d, -dv. 

iron, oldnpos, 0; sdnpods, -G, -or. 

island, vfjcos, 7; vnot (vig.), 76. 

isthmus, /cOyds, 0. 

Italian, ‘IraNés, 6; iraduds, -7, -dv. 


jar, wlOos, 6; kavare (vlg.), 76. 

jealous, ¢nddruzos, 6, 7, -ov. 

jealous, be, (nAoTUTa; (nrevw (vlg.). 

joke, doreevouar; xwparedw (vig.). 

journey, tTageld.ov, Tb; seayourney, 
mous, 0. 

joy, xapa, 7. 

judge, dixacrys, 0. 

jug, Aatu (vlg.),76; crapvl (vig.), 76. 

jugful, craurd (vig.), 7. 

jump, 7700. si 

just, dlkacos, -a, -ov. 

just so, uddwoTa, axpiB@s; tow... 
toa (vig.). 


keep, pudAdTTw. 
key, Kels, -dds, y; KArevdé (vig.), 76. 
kick, A\axT@; KkAwTo® (vig.). 


kill, povedw. 

kind, ‘ldos, -ovs, 76. 

kindle, dvdrrw. 

kindling-wood, 5¢4é (vlg.), 76. 

kindness, dyaérns, -ros, 3; mept- 
molnots, -Ews, 7). 

king, Bacrdeds, -éws, 6; dvak, -KTos, 6. 

kiss, PiAG; Pirnua, -Tos, 74; Piri 
(vlg.), 76. 

knife, udxaipa, 7; waxatp (vig.), 76. 

knot, xduBos, 0. 

know, yivdokw, yruwplfw; 
(vlg.). 

knowledge, yv@ous, -ews, 7). 

known, ‘yrwords, -7, -dv. 


neevpw 


lady, xupla, 7. 

lamb, dpvi (vlg.), 76; dpvlov, 76. 

lame, xwAds, -7, -dv. 

lamp, Avxvos, 6; Adura, 7. 

language, y\@ooa, 7. 

lantern, pavds, 6; pavdpe (vig.), 76. 

last year, mépuot. 

late, apyd. 

later, voTepov. 

laud, burda. 

laugh, vedo. 

laughter, yéAws, -Tos, 6. 

law, vduos, 0. 

lawsuit, dixn, 7. 

lawyer, dixnydpos, 0. 

layer, oTp@ya, -Tos, 76. 

laziness, éxvnpta, 7. 

lazy, éxvnpds, -d, -dv. 

lead, “oduBdos, 6; wodvPr (vlg.), 76. 

leaf, gvdXov, 76. 

learn, wavOdvw. 

least, é\dxuoTOs, -n, -ov. 

leather, dépua, -ros, 76; merat (vlg.), 
76. 

leave, ddjvw (vig.); ddea, 7. 


236 


left, dpiorepds, -d, -dv. 

legation, mpecBela, 7. 

lemon, A\eud% (vlg.), 74. 

lend, davelfw. 

Lent, TeccapakooTy, 7; TapaKxoorTy 
(vlg.), 7. 

less, tapd, wAjv. 

lesson, udOnua, -Tos, 76. 

lest, 47}, ujrws. 

let, ds. 

let go, mapaiTa. 

let it be, Errw. 

letter, ypdupa, -ros, 7b; ériorony, 7). 

liberty, édevdepia, 7. 

lie, verb, xetuac; mrayid fw (vlg.). 

lie, subst. Weddos, -ous, 76. 

life, {w7, 7; Blos, 6. 

lift, dvaBiBdfw, éyelpw; 
(vlg.). 

light, subst. dds, -rés, 76; adj. éAa- 
gpés, -d, -dv. 

lighten, doTpdrrw. 

lightning, dorpary, 7. 

lime, doBéorns, 6. 

limit, dpifw, mepropliw; Spiov, 76. 

line, ypayuy, 7. 

lion, \éwy, -vTos, 6; Neovrdpe (vlg.), 
76. 

lip, xe?Aos, -ous, 76. 

literature, piAodovia, 7. 

little, puxpds, -d, -6v; ddlyov. 

liturgy, Aecroupyla, 7. 

live, (@, karoucd, 

lively, {wnpds, -d, -dv. 

load, poptd, poprévw; poprwpa, 
-Tos, TO. 

look, Pdérw; xKuTtdg{w (vig.); 
Bréupa, -ros, 76. 

look fixedly, drevifgw. 

loose, iw; Avvw (vig.). 

lose, droh\\tw; xdvw. 


onkoyw 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


love, dyarG; aydwn, 7; Epws, -Tos, 6. 
low, xaunrbs, -7, -dv; xaunra (vlg.). 
lower down, tapaxdTw, xatwrépw. 
luncheon, mpéyeupa, -Tos, 76. 

lyre, \vpa, 7. 


machine, unxav7}, 7). 

madden, TpeAdaivw. 

madhouse, Ppevoxopetor, 7. 

madman, TpedXés, 0. 

madness, TpéAa, 7). 

magnificence, ueyadorpéreia, 7). 

magnify, weyaddvw. 

maid, drnpérpia, 7; Sodda (vig.), 7. 

majesty, ueyadeiov, 76; weyadedr ys, 
-TOS, 7). 

make, ro@, rpdTTw; kduvw, Pbedvw 
(vlg.). 

man, dvOpwros, 6; dvip, -dpés, o. 

manage, kaTop0dvw. 

mania, uavia, 7. 

manner, Tpdzros, 0. 

map, xdpr7s, 0. 

Marathon, Mapadwyv, -dvos, 6. 

marble, ud puapor, 7. 

mare, popdda (vlg.), 7. 

market, dyopd, 7; matdpe (vlg.), 76. 

marriage, yds, 0. 

married, @yyauos, 6, 7, -ov; vrap- 
Spevpuévos, -7. 

marry, dravdpedw, crepavivw. 

masked, wacxapas (vlg.), 6. 

mass, Sykos, 6. 

mast, xardpre (vig.), 76. 

master, KUpwos, 0. 

mattress, orp@ya, -Tos, 7d. 

May, Mdios, 6. 

may it be, ds elvac. 

mayor, dyuapxos, 6. 

meal, gaynrév, 76; payé (vig.), 76 

mean, onpualyw, évvod. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


mean, adj. edredjs, 6, 7, -és. 

meaning, évvova, 7. 

measure, weTpO; pérpov, Td. 

meat, xpéas, -Tos, 76. 

meat-ball, xeprés (vlg.), 6. 

meet, diravTa. 

melody, vehydia, 7. 

melon, meré (vlg.), 76. 

memorandum, vrduvynua, -Tos, Td. 

merchant, és7ropos, 6. 

message, mapayyeNla, 7. 

method, u¢00d0s, 7. 

midnight, wecovixriov, 76, 

military, orpaTwrikds, 0. 

milk, yada, -xros, 76. 

milkman, yadards (vlg.), 6. 

mind, vois, 0. 

mine, éuds, -7, -6v; ldixds, -y, -dv 
pov (vlg.). 

minister, wovpyés, 6; 
-€WS, 0. 

minute, errdyv, 7. 

miracle, daidua, -ros, 76. 

miserable, &@d.os, -a, -ov. 

misfortune, dvorvxla, 7. 

misinterpret, rapefnyo. 

missing, be, Aelrw. 

mistake, opadddw; AdOos, -ous, 76. 

misunderstanding, mapetynous, 
~€WS, 7). 


1 péo Bus, 


mix, dvauryriw; dvaxardvw (vig.). 

moderate, uérpios, -a, -ov. 

moderately, verpiws; uérpia (vig.). 

modesty, aldds, -obs, 7; wer proppo- 
obvn, 7- 

monastery, ov}, 7; wovacrhpioy, 76. 

money, xpima, -Tos, 76. 

monk, ovaxds, 6; kaddyepos (vlg.), 6. 

monkey, 7l6né, 
(vlg.), 7. 

monster, Tépas, -rTos, 76. 


-KoS, 03 patio 


237 


month, wiv, -ds, 6; ujvas (vig.), 6. 

moon, cedjvn, 4; peyydpe (vig.), 74. 

moral, 76.xds, -7, -dv. 

morally, 70xds. 

more, 1\éov, mepioadbrepov. 

more or less, ws él rd modv (r)el- 
oTo?). 

morning, rpwt, 7h; mpwia, 7. 

mosquito, xovvoim: (vlg.), 74. 

mother, pijrnp, -rpbs, 4; pnrépa 
(vlg.), 7. 

mount, dvaBaivw. 

mountain, dpos, -ovs, 76; Bovydy, 76. 

mourning, mévdos, -ous, 76. 

mouse, movrixés (vlg.), 6. 

mouth, ordya, -Tos, 76. 

move, Kiv@, Kivoduat. 

movement, xlyyo.s, -ews, 7. 

mow, Gepifw. 

mud, rnés, 6; Adorn (vig.), 7. 

municipality, dios, o. 

murder, évos, o. 

muse, povca, 7. 

music, “ovc.Ky, 7. 

musical, ovekds, -7, -dv. 

must, mpémec (impers.). 

mustard-plaster, c.vamriopds, 6. 

mystery, wvorhpiov, 7d; wvorikdy,7d. 

mystic, wvorixds, -7, -dv. 


nail, dvvé, -xos, 6; v0xu (vig.), 76. 
naked, yuprds, -7, -dv. 

name, dvoudtw; dSvoua, -ros, 76, 
narrate, dinyovuar. 

narrow, oTevds, -7, -dv. 

nation, @0vos, -ous, 76. 

native country, rarpls, -dos, 7. 
nature, Pious, -ews, 7). 

naval, vautixés, -7, -dv. 

navy, vautixdy, 76. 

near, éyyUs, TAnolov; Kovrd (vlg.). 


ad 


238 


‘near, get, ryoid{w; Kovretw (vlg.). 

necessity, dvdyxn, 9; xpela, 7. 

neck, Aawuds, 0; TpdxnXos, d. 

needle, Bedévn, 7. 

neighbor, ‘yeirwy, -vos, 6. 

neither, undé, unre, ove. 

nephew, dveyids, o. 

nerve, vetipov, rd. 

never, roré, ovdérore. 

news, eldnors, -ews, 7. 

newspaper, é¢nuepls, -dos, 7. 

next, karémiv; next to, wapd, wry- 
olov. 

next year, Tov xpdvov. 

night, wé, -xrés, 7; vixra (vlg.), 7. 

night, comes on, vuxrdvec. 

nightingale, dndwr, -dvos, 7. 

nobility, evyévera, 7. 

noble, evyev7js, 6, 7, -és. 

nobody, ovdels, -ula, -év; 
-ppla, -év (vlg.). 

nod, veua, -Tos, 76. 

noise, OépuBos, 6; Kpéros, o. 

nominate, d.opl fw. 

nonsense, dvonala, 7. 

nor, ovre. 

nose, pls, -vds, 4; wry (vlg.), 7. 

not, dév. - 

not at all, diddov, xabddov, may- 
TEADS, Tog Gs. 

notary, cvpBodraypd dos, o. 

note, onpelwors, -ews, 7). 

novel, wviordpyua, -Tos, 76. 

now, Twpa, viv. 

nowhere, ovdapyod; mrovdevd (vlg.). 

number, dp.duss, o. 

nut, xapvdc (vig.), 76. 


Kavels, 


oath, Spxos, d. 
obey, Uraxovw. 
obligation, droxpéwors, -ews, 7). 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


oblige, broxpebyw, dvayKdgw. 

obliged, bréxpews, 6, 7, -wv. 

observation, raparypyors, -ews, 7). 

observe, maparnpo. 

obstinacy, wetcpua, -Tos, 76. 

occasion, evxaipla, 7. 

occupied in, ckarayivouac. 

occupy, karahauBdvw, caréxw. 

occurrence, mepicrartiKdy, 76. 

ocean, wxeavds, 0. 

of, éx, d7é. 

offense, mpocBond%, 7. 

offend, rporBdddw. 

offer, tporpépw; mpoodpopd, 7. 

office, ypagetov, 76. 

officer, d&wwyarixéds, o. 

official, érlonuos, 0,7), -ov. 

often, roANdKis, suveXGs; TvXVaKIS 
(vlg.). 

oil, ZAavov, 76; Adde (vig.), 76. 

ointment, ado.p7, 7. 

old, madauds, -d, -dv. 

old man, yépwv, -vTos, 0; 
(vlg.), 0. 

olive-tree, édala, 7. 

on, él, wepl, érdvw. 

on foot, re{n, mefOs, ddouvropiKGs. 

on the ground, xaual; xduw (vig.). 

once, dzaé. 

open, dvolyw; dvoixrds, -%, -dv. 

opine, drodalvomat. 

opinion, yrwun, 7; be of opinion, 
ppove. . 

opposite, dvrixpt, dwévayrt. 

or, 7). 

orange, moproxkdXx (vig.), 74. 

orange, bitter, vepdvr {i (vlg.), 76. 

orator, pyTwp, -opos, 6. 

order, mpoordcow, diardoow; Tdéus, 


"yépos 


-ews, 4, Suatayh, 1). 
organ, dpyavov, 76. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


orphan, dppavés, -7, -dv. 

orthodox, dpsdofos, 6, 7, -ov. 

other, &repos, -a, -ov; dos, -7, -0. 

ours, iuérepos, -a, -ov; lduxds, -7, -dv 
pas. 

out, €&w. 

oven, k\iBavos, 6; podpvos (vlg.), o. 

over, vrép, avd. 

overseer, érisTaTns, 0. 

owe, dpeiiw, xpewoT @. 

own, td.0s, -a, -ov; ldixds, -4, -dv. 

0X, Bods, 6; Bad (vig.), 7d. 


pack, xordé (vlg.), 76. 

pain, révos, 0; have pain, rove. 

paint, fwypapifw. 

painting, (wypadia, 7. 

pair, fevyos, -ous, 76; fevydpe (vlg.), 
76. 

palace, dvdxropov, 7b; maddru (vlg.), 
76. 

pale, wxpés, -d, -6y; wx pid; KiTpL- 
vigw (vlg.). 

palpitate, mdddw. 

paper, xdprys, 6; xapri (vlg.), 76. 

paper-currency, xapTovduiopa, -Tos, 
76. 

parade, mapdraiis, -ews, 7. 

parcel, déua, -ros, 76. 

parent, yovels, -éws, 0. 

parliament, Bovdy, 4; KorvoBovduor, 
76. 

part, uépos, 76. 

Parthenon, Ilap@evwy, -dvos, 6. 

partridge, mépd:é, -xos, 7. 

party, xkdupa, -ros, 76. 

pass, diaBalvw, repv (vlg.); did- 
Bats, -ews, , wépacua, -Tos, Td. 

passage, didBaors, -ews, 7); Sud dovs, 
6; xayidre (vlg.), 76. 

pass by, rapépxouat. 


239 


passenger, ériBdarys, 6. 

passion, 1dos, -ous, 76. 

paste, rdora (vlg.), 7. 

patience, bropuov7}, 7. 

patriotism, rarpwwriopss, 6. 

peace, elpyvn, 7. 

peach, poddxivoy, 76. 

people, Aads, o. 

perfume, pupwiia, 7. 

perhaps, lows. 

period, eplodos, 7. 

perspiration, idpws, -Gros, 6; per- 
spiring, k&O5pos, 6. 

perspire, idp@; idpdvw (vig.). 

persuade, 7el0w, karamelOw. 

pharmacy, ¢apyaxetor, 76. 

philosopher, ¢:A\dcodos, 6. 

philosophy, diAocodia, 7. 

photograph (-y), pwroypagia, 7. 

pickle, rovpct (vlg.), 76. 

picture, (wypadia, 4; elxdwy, -dvos, 7). 

pie, r#rra (vig.), 7. 

piece, Treudxwov, 76; Koupdre (vlg.), 
76. 

pig, xotpos, 6; youpodu (vlg.), 76. 

pigeon, mepirrepd, a; mepiorépe 
(vlg.), 76. 

pious, ev’oeBis, 6, 7, -és. 

Piraeus, Ie:paceds, -aréws, 6. 

pity, xplua, -ros, Tb; €deos, -ous, Td. 

place, 0érw, TormobeT®; Oéors, -Ews, 
n, Toros, 6. 

plain, wedlov, 76. 

plan, ox éd.0v, 76. 

plank, cavis, -dos, 3; cavlda (vig.), 7. 

plant, durdy, 76. 

plate, midrov (vlg.), 76. 

play, raifw. 

please, dpécxw. 

pleasure, evxaplornots, -Eews, 7). 

pledges, muord, rd. 


240 


plot against, éa:Bovdevw. 

plunge, x#vw; Bovre (vig.). 

pocket, Ouddx.or, rb; roérn (vig.), 7. 

poem, olnua, -ros, 76. 

poet, rornrrs, o. 

point, dxpa, 4; alxuyH, 4; onpelor, 
76; pirn (vig.), 7. 

pointed, dfvs, -efa, -v. : 

poison, dyAnrypwv, 76; papudke 
(vlg.), 76. 

police, dorvvoula, 7. 

policeman, x\yT%p, -pos, 6; dorv- 
pvraé, -Kos, 6. 

polite, evyerys, 6, 7, -és. 

politeness, evyévera, 7. 

poor, trwxds, -7, -6v; Svoruxys, 4, 
n, -€8; Kavjpévos, -n, -ov. 

populace, 3x os, 6. 

port, Awujv, -évos, o. 

porter, Auvpwpbs, o. 

position, Aécrs, -ews, 7. 

possible, duvarés, -7, -dv. 

post, c7TU)os, 0. 

post-office, raxvdpopeiov, 76. 

postpone, dvaBdddw. 

power, divas, -ews, 7. 

prayer, dx, 7); mporevx, ); Tapd- 
KAnoLS, -Ews, 7). 

precede, mponyoduac. 

precious, rodvripos, 6, 7), -ov. 

prefect, voudpyxns, o. 

prefer, mpoTiuo. 

preparation, rapackevi, 7. 

presence, mapovola, 4; dvdornpa, 
-Tos, 76. 

present, rapovord fw. 

present, be, rdpeyu; rapwy, -ca, -dv. 

press, oplyyw, miéf{w; Tvs, 0. 

pretext, rpbpacis, -ews, 7 ; dpopy.y, 7. 

pretty, etpopdos, 6, 7, -ov. 

prevent, cwriw; éumodlfw (vlg.). 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


price, T1u7, 7. 

pride, drepnpdvea, 7. 

priest, iepeds, -éws, 6; mamas (vlg.), 6. 

prince, iyeudv, -dvos, 6; mplyxny, 
-10S, 0. 

principally, xupiws. 

print, turd, tuTévw. 

prison, ¢uvAaky%, 7. 

probable, ridavés, -7, -dv. 

proclaim, xypvrTw. 

procure, mpounbedw. 

produce, rapdyw. 

profit, wPedodua. 

progress, mpoodedw ; mpbodos, 7. 

promise, brbcxoua; sirboxecrs, 
-€WS, 7}. 

promote, rpofiBdfw, mpodyw. 

proof, dmrdderés, -ews, 7. . 

property, xKrfjois, -ews, 7; KTHma, 
-Tos, TO. 

proposal, rpéracis, -ews, 7. 

proud, drepidavos, 0, 7, -ov; pidd- 
TLULOS, O, 1), -Ov. 

proverb, rapoula, 7. 

province, érapxia, 7. 

prudent, ppdviuos, 6, 7, -ov. 

psalm, Yaduds, 6. 

public, Snudcrov, 76; Kowdbv, 7b; 5y- 
pbovos, 6, 7, -0v. 

publication, Syuoclevors, -ews, 7. 

pull, c¥pw, cw; rpaBe (vig.). 

pulpit, Bijua,-ros, 76; duBwy, -wvos, d. 

punish, Tiuwpd. 

punishment, riuwpla, 7. 

pupil, ways, o. 

pupil of the eye, xépy, 7. 

pure, xaOapés, -d,-dv; dvds, -}, -dv. 

purple, roppupods, -a, -oiv. 

purse, Baddvriov, 7b; rovyy! (vig.), 
76. 

put, 0érw; Bagw (vig.); Bddrw. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 241 


quadruple, rerpam)os, -7, -obv. 

quarrel, pidoverkO; Pudoverkia, 7. 

queen, Bacthiooa, 7. 

queer, mapdtevos, 0, 7, -0v; mapd- 
dokos, 6, 7, -Ov. 

question, épwrnots, -ews, 7. 

quick, Taxus, -efa, -v. 

quickly, raxéws; yplywpa, dyAlywpa 
(vig-)- 

quiet, novxos, 0, 7), -ov. 

quietly, jovxws; novxa (vig.). 

quilt, épdrdwyua, -ros, 76; drrhwua 
(vlg.), -rTos, 76. 

quiltmaker, rarwuaras (vlg.), 6. 

quite so, udduora. 


rabbit, kovvéde (vlg.), 74. 

race, yévos, -ovs, 76; pudy, 7; 5pd- 
Mos, 0. 

race-course, oTdd.oy, 76. 

radish, perdu (vlg.), 74. 

rag, Koupédx (vlg.), 7d. 

rain, Bpoxy, 7; 7 rains, Bpéxet. 

raise, bYO, dpdvw. 

raisin, crapudy, 4; sTapvr (vig.), 
76. 

rather, “adov. 

ravisher, dpmaé, -yos, 0. 

raw, wyds, -7, -dv. 

ray, axrls, -vos, 7. 

razor, gupddu (vlg.), 7d. 

read, dvaywioKkw; diaBdtw (vlg.). 

ready, €To.uos, ~n, -ov. 

reason, Aéyos, 6; airia, 7. 

receive, AauBdvw, 
déxouat. 

reception, vrodox7, 7. 

recognize, dvayvwpifw. 

recommend, cumoTd. 

recommendation, cvcracis, -ews, 7. 

reconcile, cuuPiBdfgw. 


TapahauBdava, 


red, épvOpés, -d, -bv; Kdxkwvos, -7, -ov 
(vlg.). 

reduced, be, karavTd. 

reduction, without, 
(vlg.). 

regularly, raxrixds. 

rejoice, xalpw. 

related, cvyyevys, 0, 7, -és. 

relation, sxéo1s, -ews, 7). 

relieve, dvaxoupl fw. 

religion, Opnoxela, 7. 

remain, uévw; remains, delavor, 76. 

remember, évOupodua, dvauipvioKo- 

“fet. 

remind, drevOuulfw. 

repair, émricxevd fw. 

repent, weTavod, werauédouat. 

repentance, perdvo.a, 7). 

repetition, éravddynyis, -ews, 7. 

repose, jovxd{w, dvaravoua; avd- 
TAVGLS, -EWS, 7). 

representation, mapdoracis, -ews, 7. 

reputation, drédnyis, -ews, 7. 

require, draiT@, xpeid fouat. 

respect, céBouar; oéBas, -ous, 7. 

respectable, ceuvds, -7, -dv. 

respectful, edoeBys, 6, 7, -és. 

responsible, tréddoyos, 6, 7, -0v; 
brevOuvos, 6, 7, -oVv. 


adxaralBara 


rest, jovxla, 7; brddouroy, TO. 

return, émictpépw, éravépxouat; 
yupliw (vlg.); émrurpopy, 7. 

revenge, éxdlkyats, -ews, 7). 

revolt, dmooraT®; ordo.s, éravd- 
oTaCls, -EWS, 7). 

rhinoceros, pirdkepws, -w, Oo. 

riband, racvia, 7. 

rich, movov0s, -a, -ov. 

riches, 1\odTos, 0. 

rider, immeds, -ews, 06; KxaPaddpys 


(vlg.), 6. 


242 


riding, immacta, 7; xaBdda (vlg.), 7. 

right, degids, -d, -dv; dpOds, -7, -dv. 

right hand, deéd, 7. 

rightly, dp@ds. 

ring, Kwiwvd, onuatvos SaxTvArlde 
(vlg.), 76. 

ripe, wpiuos, 6, 7, -o. 

rise, éyelpouat, dvicrapat; 
fae (vig.). 

rise (of the sun), dvaré\X\w. 

rising, @yepous, -ews, 7; advaTody, 7 


onkbvo- 


river, rorapds, 6 

road, Spduos, 6 

roast, Yjvw; Wnrdr, 76. 

rock, Bpdxos, 6 

rod, pdBdos, 7. 

roof, dpop7), 4; TaBdu (vlg.), 76. 

room, dwudrioy, 76. 

root, pifa, 7. 

rope, sxa.vlov, 76. 

rose, pddov,76; rpravrdgpuddor(vlg.), 
76. 

round, orpoyyuNés, -7, -dv. 

round about, mépié. 

rub, TplBw. 

tubbish, cxovrléd: (vlg.), 74. 

tuin, épelaov, 76. 

run, Tpéxw. 

tush, dpud. 

Russian, ‘Pdscos; pwoorxds, ~%, -dv. 


sack, odkkos, 0 

sacred, lepds, -d, -dv. 

sadden, \uv7@. 

sailor, va’rys, 0. 

Salamis, Dadapls, -tvos, 7. 

salt, ddarifw; ddas, -ros, Td; addre 
(vlg.), 76; dduupds, -d, -dv. 

salute, xaipeT@, rpoorKuvd. 

sand, dupos, 7. 

satiate, xopralvw. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


satin, drA\dfi (vlg.), 7d; Karipés 
(vlg.), 6 

saucepan, 
(vlg:), 9 

Savage, dyptos, -a, -ov. 

Save, TWfw. 

Saviour, owT7p, -os, 0. 

say, \éyw. 

scarcely, udds. 

scene, oknv}, 7 

school, sxod}, 4; oxoXEtOv, Td. 

scissors, Wadd (vlg.), 7d. 

scold, waddvw (vlg.). 

scratch, fvvw (vlg.). 

scream, gwd fw. 

sea, 0ddacoa, 4; open sea, rédaYyos, 


xUTpa, 1; KaToapdda 


-ous, TO. 
seaside, tapadaddaouwor, Td. 
seat, kd@ioua, -Tos, Td. 
secretary, ypaupuareds, -éws, 6. 
secretly, xpudiws. 
see, Brérrw. 
see here, (dov. 
seeing that, xaOdcov. 
seek, (n70. 
self, éavrds, -7, -6. 
self-esteem, ¢idoTuula, 7 
send, méurw, oT éAdw. 
sense, @vvoia, 7; aloOnors, -ews, 7). 
sentiment, alc@nua, -ros, Td. 
separate, xwplfw. 
separately, xwpiord (vlg.). 
serious, coBapds, -d, -dv. 
servant, drnpérns, 6; Soddos (vlg.), 6. 
serve, UmnpeTo. 
service, irnpecia, 7; ecTouvpyla, 7. 
set (of the sun), ddw. 
sew, parrw. 
sex, pidor, Td. 
shade, oxid, 7. 
shake, celw., 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 243 


shame, évrpor%, 7); aicxos, -ovs, Td, 

shameful, aloxpds, -d, -dv. 

shapely, evpopdos, 6, 7), -ov. 

share, diavéuw, woupagw. 

sheep, mpdBaroy, Td. 

shine, Adurrw, péyyw. 

ship, rotor, Td; Kkapaft (vlg.), Td. 

shirt, broxduicop, Td. 

shoe, brddnua, -ros, Td; mwamovTor 
(vlg.), 70. 

shoemaker, rarourojjs (vlg.), 0. 

shop, éumopidy, 70; pwayati (vig.), 
TO. 

short, Bpaxvs, -ela, -¥; Kovrds, -7, 
-dy (vlg.). 

shortly, évtds éXlyouv. 

short-sighted, pwwy, -zos, 0. 

shoulder, @[Los, 0. 

shout, kpdfw, pwva fw. 

show, dexviw. 

shudder, dpittw. 

shut, krelw; Keds, -7, -dv. 

side, mdevpdv, Td ; mheupd, 7. 

sign, Jroypdgw; onuetor, TO. 

signal, onyeior, Td. 

signature, droypad7, 7. 

silence, c.w77, 7. 

silent, be, cw. 

silk, uérata, 4; werdés (vlg.), 7d. 

silken, ueratwrds, -7, -dv. 

silver, dpyup®; dpyupos, 6; doje 
(vlg.), rd. 

silver, adj. dpyupots, -a, -odv. 

similar, duo.0s, -a, -ov. 

simple, dz)ods, -4, -obv. 

sin, duapria, 7; Kpiua, -Tos, Td. 

since, dgod, €xrore, did. 

sing, dw, Yaddd\w; TpaywdS (vlg.). 

sir, KUpuos, 0. 

sister, ddehp7, 77. 

sit, KdOnuat, cvvedpid fw. 


situation, xardoracts, -ews, 7). 

skilful, defids, -d, -dv; émerydevos, 
-a, -Ov. 

skin, dépya, -ros, 7b; werol (vlg.), 
T6. 

sky, ovpavds, od. 

slate, wAdé, -Kéds, 7). 

slaughter, o¢ay7, 7. 

slave, dod\os, 6; dovdn, 7. 

sleep, koiudpar; vivos, od. 

slice, péra (vlg.), 7. 

slow, dpyés, -4, -6v; Bpadus, -efa, -v. 

slowly, fpadéws, dpyd; ayddia 
(vlg.). 

sly, rovnpés, -d, -dr. 

small, pixpds, -d, -dv. 

smallest, éAdxwoTos, -y, -ov; mapa- 
puxpds, -d, -dv. 

smear, ddelgw. 

smell, uupifw (vlg.); wupwdid (vlg.),7. 

smile, vedid; yauoyed® (vig.). 

smiling, yedaords, -7, -dy (vlg.). 

smoke, xarvifw; xamvés, o. 

smuggling, \adpeumrdpior, Td. 

snake, d¢us, -ews, 0; perdi (vlg.), 7d. 

$0, ovTw; @rou (vig.). 

so big, Tocoiros, -avTn, -ovro. 

so much, Tés0s, -7, -ov. 

so— so, rou x’ érou (vig.). 

so that, wore. 

soap, ocdrwr, 
(vlg.), 76. 

social meeting, cvvavacTpodpy, 7. 


-wvos, 0; Gamovu 


society, kowwria, 4; érarpla, 7. 

sofa, xavarrés (vlg.), 0. ~ 

soft, uadraxds, -7, -dv (vlg.). 

soft of bread, Wixa (vlg.), 7. 

soil, ‘Nepdvw (vlg.); subst. @5ados, 
-ous, TO; x@ua, -Tos, 76. 

soldier, srparwwrns, 0; heavy-armed 
soldier, dwhirns, 6. 


244 


solid, orepeds, -d, -dv. 

solution, Avous, -ews, 7). 

some, epixds, -7, -dv; ddlyos, -n, -ov. 

somebody, rls, -véds; detva. 

sometime, éviore; xdmore (vlg.). 

somewhere, xdzrov (vlg.). 

son, vids, 0. 

son-in-law, yauSpds, o. 

sooner or later, arrov 7 Bpddiov. 

sorrow, OAlyis, -ews, 7; Un, 7). 

sorry, be, Avroduat. 

soul, Yux7, 7. 

sound, 7#x0s, 6. 

soup, gov7a (vlg.), 7. 

sow, orelpw; orépvw (vig.). 

Spaniard, ‘Io7avés, o. 

spare, \err ds, -7, -dv. 

sparkle, dorpdrrw. 

speak, Aéyw, ayopedw. 

speech, Adyos, 6; dydpevars, -ews, 7 ; 
dua, 7. 

speechless, ddwvos, 6, 7, -ov. 

special, lds, -a, -ov; ldixds, -7, -dv. 

spectator, Jearys, 6. 

speed, raxvrns, -Tos, -4; omovd7, 7). 

spend, daravd; éfodevw (vig.). 

sphere, cdaipa, 7. 

spill, x¥vw (vig.). 

spite, metopua, -ros, 76. 

splendid, Aaumpés, -d, -dv. 

spoil, xaractpépw; xad® (vig.). 


sponge, ombyyos, 6; apovyydpe 
(vlg.), 76. 

spoon, xovrdd (vlg.), 76; xovdudpe 
(vlg.), 74. 


spread, étardévw; épdrdwyua, -Tos, 
76. 

spring, dpu7y, 7; Avortis, -ews, 7; 
éap, -os, 76. 

stable, sraddos, 6; dxoip (vlg.), 74. 

stand, loraya; oréxoua (vig.). 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


standing, ordous, -ews, 7. 

star, doryp, -épos, 6; dorpov, Td. 

star, morning, éwopdpos, 6. 

starch, x6\da (vlg.), 7. 

start, éxxiww@; éxxivnows, -ews, 7; 
opuy, 7. 

state, xpdros, -ous, 76; xardoracts, 
~€WS, 7}. 

statue, dyaduya, -ros, 76. 

steal, kX\érrTw. 

steamer, drudrdouor, 76. 

steel, xdXuy, -Bos, 6; drodnrz (vig.), 
76. 

step, raT®; Biya, -Tos, 76. 

stew, karapmds (vlg.), 6. 

stick, paBdos, 4; Evdov, 76. 

stifling, rvvynpds, -d, -dv. 

still, dxdun, eru. 


_ stomach, orduaxos, 0; Kowa, 7. 


stone, rérpa, 4; dLOos, 6. 

stop, cTayuar® (vlg.). 

stoppage, madous, -ews, 7. 

story, dijynua, -ros, 76; mapapvir 
(vIg.), 76. 

straight, evdus, -ela, ¥; tovos (vig.), 
“a, -Ov. 

strap, Aovpl (vlg.), 74. 

straw, dxvupov, 76; dxvpivos, -7, -ov. 

strawberry, ppdovda (vlg.), 7. 

straw-matting, yd0a (vlg.), 7. 

stream, pedua, -ros, 76; xeluapos, . 

street, 65és, 7. 

strength, iloxvs, -os, 4; ddvays, 
-€WS, 7). 

strong, loxupés, -d, -dv; 
~4, -bv 

strongly, loxvupas. 

study, medeT®, crovddtw; pedérn, 
4; omrovdy, 7. 

stuffing, rapayéuopua (vlg.), -Tos, 
76. 


duvards, 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


stupid, dvédnros, 6, 7, -ov; KouTds 
(vlg.), -7, -dv. 

style, udos, -ous, 76. 

subject, brordcow; v17jKoos, 0. 

sub-prefect, érapxos, 0. 

substance, ovgla, 7. 

succeed, kaTop0G, émitvyxdvw, dia- 
déx omar. 

successor, diddoxos, d. 

succour, suvrpéxw; cuvdpous, 7). 

such, To.odTos, -avrn, -ovTo. 

suddenly, algyys, alpvdiws ; eapva 
(vlg.). 

suffer, bropépw, racxw. 

suffering, 1d0os, -ous, 76. 

suffice, zt suffices, apxel, pOdver. 

suite (royal, e¢c.), Oepameta, 7. 

summer, Oépos, -ovs, T6; Kadoxatpe 
(vlg.), 76. 

summery, Gepivds, -7}, -dv. 

sun, 7)u0s, 6. 

Sunday, Kupvax7, 7. 

superior, dvwrepos, -a, -ov; 7you- 
pevos, 0. 

support, ornpifw. 

suppose, vroérw. 

surface, émipdveia, 7, 

surpass, vrepBalvw. 

surprise, éxm\jTTw; 
-€WS, 7). 

surrender, tapadidw. 

surround, wepixuvkdX@. 

suspect, vaorrevoua; suspected, 
UTOTTOS, 6, 7}, -Ov. 

swallow, xed.dwy, -dvos, 7. 

swear, opxlfouat. 

sweepings, cxovridia (vlg.), Td. 

sweet, 7dUs, -ela, -¥; yAuKus, -e7a, -v. 

swim, KodvuBo. 

sword, gigos, -ouvs, 76; orali (vlg.), 
76. 


exmAnéts, 


245 


sympathy, cvurddea, 7. 
system, ovornpa, -Tos, TO. 


table, rpdreta, 7 ; Tparési (vig.), 76. 

tail, ovpd, 7. 

tailor, pdrrns, 6. 

take, ANauPdvw; ralpyw (vig.). 

take out, éfd7yw. 

talk, dutAG, Aad. 

tame, 7Mepos, 6, 7), -ov. 

taste, yedous, -ews, 7. 

tasteful, vdcrimuos, 6, 7, -ov. 

tax, Tédos, -ovs, 7b; pbpos, o. 

tea, radi (vlg.), 76. 

teach, diddoxw. 

teacher, d.ddoKanos, 4, 7. 

tear, oxlfw; ferxlfw (vlg.). 

tears, ddxpva, Td. 

tears, place of, cAavOudv, -Gvos, 0. 

tease, reipdfw (vlg.). 

telegraph-office, tn\eypadetov, 76. 

temperate, éyxparys, 6, 7), -és. 

temple, vads, d. 

tent, oxnv7y, 7). 

terrace, tepdroa (vig.), 7. 

terrible, PoBepds, -d, -dv; Tpomepds, 
-d, -dv. 

text, Oéua, -ros, 76. 

thank, edxapisTO; evxapioria, 7. 

that, d71, dws, iva, dou, trod. 

that is, Tov’ got. 

that one, éxetvos, -n, -0. 

theatre, 0¢arpov, 76. 

theatre-box, ewpeiov, 76. 

thee, ov; écv (vig.). 

theft, xdor7, 7. 

theme, 0éua, -rTos, 76. 

then, Tére, Nourdy, Errouévws, dKohov- 
dws. 

theory, Jewpla, 7. 

there, éxe?, idov; va, varos (vlg.). 


246 


therefore, dpa, dpaye, Taxa. 

Theseus, Onceds, -Ews, 6. 

thick, raxvs, -eta, -; muxvds, -7, -dv; 
xovdpes, -7, -dv (vlg.). 

thickness, 7dx0s, -ovs, 76. 

thief, xAérrns, 6. 

thin, A\errds, -7, -dv; loxvds, -7, -dv. 

thine, ods, -7, -6v; idixés, -7, -dv cov. 

thing, mpaypa, -ros, 76. 

think, voulfw, oxémrouwat, svddovi- 
omar. 

thirst, ud; dhpa, 7. 

this, otros, avr, ToT0; avrés, -7, -6. 

this year, épéros. 

thorn, dkavOa, 7; dyKdd (vig.), 76. 

thread, kAwory, 7. 

throne, Opdvos, d. 

through, did. 

throw, plrtw, Badrw. 

throw away, mero. 

thunder, Bpovr&; Bpovry, 7. 

thunderbolt, xepavvds, 0. 

thunderstorm, xaravyis, -dos, 7. 

Thursday, Iéurrn, 7. 

thus, ovrw; @ra (vig.). 

tie, dévw (vlg.). 

tighten, oplyyw. 

tightly, ogpvyxrd. 

time, xpévos, 6; Katpbs, 0 ;*wpa, 7. 

time, have, dded{w (vlg.). 

tin, reverés (vlg.), 6. 

tipsy, weOvopéios, -n, -ov (vlg.). 

title, rirhos, 6. 

to, mpés, els. 

tobacco, xamvés, 0. 

tobacconist, xarvorw)ns, 6. 

tobacco shop, kamrvorwheiov, 76. 

together, du00; ual (vig.). 

tomb, rddos, d. 

to-morrow, avpuov. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


tongue, yA@ooa, 7. 
tool, épyanetov, 76. 


‘tooth, ddovs, -dvros,6; dévre(vig.), 76. 


top, dxpa, 7; Kopudy, 7. 

torment, Bacavifw. 

touch, éyyifw. 

towards, mpés. 

towel, mpoodyx (vlg.), 76. 

town, dds, -ews, 7). 

town-quarter, cuvoixla, 7. 

trace, tx vos, -ous, 76. 

tradition, rapddoos, -ews, 7. 

tragedy, rpaywdla, 7. 

transgress, tapaBaivw. 

translate, uerappafw. 

translation, werdppacis, -ews, 7. 

travel, rafedevw, ddourop@, Siahéw. 

traveler, d5o:1répos, o. 

treasure, Onoaupés, 6. 

treasury, Tapetoy, 76. 

tree, dévdpor, 70. 

tremble, rpéuw. 

trench, avAaé, -Kos, 6. 

tribunal, dicacrpior, 76. 

triple, Tpur)ods, -7, -odv. 

trowel, uvoTplor, 76. 

true, dns, 6, 7, -és. 

trunk, xopyds, o. 

trust, éumiorevouat. 

truth, dd\jAea, 7. 

try, doxidfw, mporradd. 

Tuesday, Tpirn, 7. 

Turk, Todpxos, 0. 

turn, crpépw; yupl{w (vlg.); cepa, © 
i; bopd (vig.), ti. 

tyrannize, rupavvd. 


ugly, doxnuos, 6, 4, -ov. 
umbrella, ddef/Bpoxov, 76; d6uBpédArdra 


(vlg.), 7- 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


unboiled, dSpacros,.d, 7, -ov. 

unbroken, déidomacros, 6, 7}, -ov. 

uncertain, 48éBavos, 6, 7, -ov. 

unclean, dxd@apros, 0, 7, -ov; Bpw- 
fukos, -9, -ov (vlg.). 

under, kdtwOev, UrokdTw; amoKaTH 
(vlg.). ; 

underground, vrdéyews, 6, 7, -wv. 

understand, évvow, 
oUVEVVOOUMAL. 

undertake, dvadhauBavw. 

undress, 
ysvvoua. (vlg.). 

unfortunate, Tadalrwpos, 6, 7, -ov. 

unhappy, dvarvxys, 0, 7, -és. 

uninhabited, dxaroixnros, 6, 7, -ov. 


KaTadapBarw, 


€xdvw, €xdvouar; ydvrw, 


unintelligible, dvdnros, 6, 7, -ov; 
dkaTavonros, 0, 7, -ov. 

union, €vwors, -ews, 7. 

unjust, ddcxos, 0, 9, -ov. 

unjust, be, ddd. 

unjustly, ddikws. 

unknown, dyvworos, 6, 7, -ov. 

unmarried, dyapos, 6, 7, -ov. 

unnecessary, wepiTTds, -7, -dv. 

unreasonable, ddovyos, 
Tapaddoyos, 0, 7), -ov. 


e e S 
O, %, -OV; 


unruly, draxrTos, 6, 7, -ov. 

untie, vw; Avvw (vlg.). 

until, uéx pu, Ews.- 

unworthy, dvdévos, -a, -ov. 

upright, dp0ds, -7, -dv; dp0ds. 

upside-down, 
(vlg.). 

up to, wéxpr. 

use, MeTaxepifoua, xpnoimedw ; Xpfj- 
CLS, -€WS, 7). 

usually, cvv7Ows. 


dvwkdTw; davdmroda 


247 


vain, udravos, -a, -ov; in vain, pd- 
TV, paralws. 

valley, xo.hds, -dos, 7. 

vase, ayyetov, TO. 

vermicelli, gudés (vlg.), 6. 

versed, éyxparis, 6, 9, -és. 

victor, viKnTys, o. 

victory, vixn, 7. 

view, 0éa, 7. 

vile, dxpeios, -a, -ov. 

village, xwplov, 76. . 

villain, wacxapas (vlg.), o. 

vine, duzedos, 7). 

vinegar, df0s, -ous, 76; fetdu (vlg.), 76. 

vineyard, duzedos, 4; duméd (vig.), 
TO. 

violate, Bid cw. 

violence, Bia, 7. 

violent, Blavos, -a, -ov; apodpds, -d, 
-v- 

violet, tov, 76; wevetés (vlg.), d. 

virtue, dpery, 7. 

visiting-card, éricxerTypior, 76. 

voice, Pwr}, 7. 

volcano, npaicreiov, Td. 

volume, Tduos, 0. 

vote, Yngigw; Widos, 7. 


wages, micbds, 06 ; ucpoulobor, Td. 

wait, wepiuévw, dvamévw. 

wakeful, dypumvos, 6, 7 -ov. 

walk, Badigw, wepirat@; mepima- 
TOS, 0. 

wall, rotyos, 6; Telxos, -ous, TO. 

want, 0é\w, dopa. 

war, trodeu®; médepos, Od. 

warm, Gepuaivw; feoralyw (vlg.); 
Oepubs, -y, -dv; feords, -4, -dv 

_ (vig.). 


248 


warmly, Oepuds. 

wash, 7vvw, Aovw, virTw. 

wash-bowl, \exavn, 7. 

washerwoman, 7)voTpa. (vlg.), 7 

washing, m)vots, -ews, 7). 

wash-tub, oxdgn, 7). 

water, morifw; 
vepd (vlg.), 76. 

watering, wéripa, -ros, 76. 

watermelon, xaprov¢ (vig.), 76. 

weak, dodevijs, 6, 7, -és; ddvvaros, 
0, 1}, -Ov. 

wear, pépw ; Susie (vig.). 

weather, xaipds, 0. 

weather, bad, xaxoxa:pia, 7. 

weather, good, xadoxaipia, 7. 


e 
vdwp, -aTos, TO; 


weave, Tékw. 

Wednesday, Terdprn, 7 

week, éBdouds, -dos, 7. 

weep, KkAalw. 

weigh, (vyifw. 

weight, Bdpos, -ous, 76. 

well, ppéap, -aros, 75; myyad (vig. , 
76. 

well, adv. xadés. 

wet, Bpéxw; vypés, -d, -dv; 
vos, -7, -ov (vlg.). 

wet through, xd@vypos, 6, 7), -ov. 

wheat, ciros, 6; ovrdpe (vig.), 76. 

wheel, tpoxés, 6; pdda (vlg.), 7 

when, drav. 

whence, 7d0ev, S0ev. 

where, 7rod, dzrov. 

which, doris, 771s, 8,74; drotos, -a, -0 

whirlwind, srpéfiros, 6 

white, Aevxds, -}, -6v; dompos, -n, 
-ov (vlg.). 

who? rls; -vos; motos ; -a, -o (vlg.). 

whoever, da rTicdyrore; droog dy}roTe 


(vg.). 


Bpeypué- 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 


wick, prvrx (vlg.), 7d. 

widow, x7pa, 7) 

widower, x7jpos, 6 

wife, cvgvyos, 7; yury, -aKds, 7; 
yuvaixa (vlg.), 7 

wild, dypws, -a, -ov. 

will, 0é\w ; OéAyors,-ews, 7 ; Oa (vig.). 

wind, dvepuos, 6 

window, tapdOupor, 76. 

window-pane, 7{du (vlg.), 76. 

wine, oivos, 06; xpact (vlg.), 76. 

wine-shop, olvorwheiov, To. 

wing, wréput, ~y0s, 4; reps (vig:), 
Té. 

winter, xeiuwr, -Bvos, 6. 

wisdom, codia, 7. 

wish, ériduud, evxouar; érOupla, 7. 

with, ovv, werd; pé (vig.). 

wither, uapaivw. 

within, évtés, ow; péoa, adrouéoa 
(vlg.). 

without, éxrds, €&w, dvev, xwpils. 

wolf, \vKos, 6 

woman, yuv7j, -aixds, 73 ‘yuvaika 
(vlg-), 7 

wood, évAov, Td. 

wool, wadré (vig.), 76. 

woolen, udddxvos, -7, -ov. 

work, épydfoua; épyacla, n; Epyor, 
76. 

work hard, xarayivoua, xomidfw. 

workman, épydrns, 0 

world, xdapos, 6 

worth, déia, n 

worthy, dévos, -a, -ov. 

wound, rAnybrw; wAnYH, 7 

wrath of God, Seounvia, 7. 

write, ypddw. 

written, ypamrés, -1, -dv. 

wrong, dd; dédcxov, rd. 


ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY. 249 


year, @ros, -ous, 7d; xpévos(vig.),¢6. young man, veavias, 0; mahAnkdpe 


yellow, xirpuvos, -n, -ov (vlg.). (vlg.), Td. 

yes, val, udduora. yours, vuérepos, -a, -ov; idixds, -7, 
yesterday, x0és. -dv gas (vlg.). 

yet, eloéri, dxdun. youth, vedrns, -Tos, 7. 


young, véos, -a,-ov; veapds, -d, -dv. 





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